Some psychological factors associated with illness behavior and selected illnesses

In the expanding field of medical sociology, the frequency of visits to a free medical facility has become an important form of illness behavior. Such behavior not only reflects the individual's physical health, but also his perception of it, and his decision what to do about it. Involved here are also his attitudes toward doctors and medical care, his psychological make-up, and his phenomenological well-being. Various studies have been able to relate the frequency of dispensary visits to such variables as occupational status, self-esteem and self-acceptance, perceived stress, and the readiness to assume the sick role.The present study was concerned with relating the frequency of dispensary visits to the following variables: disturbances of mood (reported well-being) and self-report measures of aggressive tendencies and of control over impulsiveness and over feelings of anger. The same variables were also related to three diagnostic categories: rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, and ulcer. The major findings, obtained on an industrial population of over 300 male workers, are summarized below: 1. 1. Subjects who obtained high scores on the Mood Scales labeled Aggressive, Jittery, and Depressed had a greater frequency of illness behavior (dispensary visits for illness and illness absences).2. 2. Subjects who scored high on a self-report scale reflecting a tendency to engage in overt aggressive behavior, had a greater frequency of illness behavior.3. 3. The above test and questionnaire data were unrelated to control variables, not indicative of illness behavior: hernia, dispensary visits for injuries, and absences for personal leaves.4. 4. When the measures of control over impulsiveness and over feelings of anger were considered jointly with the other scales, then it was apparent that the amount of control affects the association of illness behavior with mood and overt aggressiveness: strong control reduces the association and weak control enhances it.5. 5. If the scales reflecting tendency to engage in overt aggressive behavior and to control impulsiveness and angry feelings are used to construct a two-dimensional space, then the following placements of the different diagnostic categories are possible: 5.1. (a) Hypertensive men tend to be low on overt aggressiveness and high on control.5.2. (b) Rheumatoid arthritics tend to be high on overt aggressiveness and high on control.5.3. (c) Men with ulcers tend to be low on overt aggressiveness and low on control.5.4. (d) Subjects with a high frequency of illness behavior tend to be high on overt aggressiveness and low on control.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/32133/1/0000186.pd

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(SEC), Office of Inspector General's (OIG) final report on our audit of the SEC's filing fees program. The audit was conducted as part of our continuous effort to assess management of the Commission's programs and operations and as a part of our annual audit plan. The report contains four recommendations which, if fully implemented, should strengthen the Office of Financial Management's (OFM) internal controls over filing fees policies and procedures. OFM concurred with all the recommendations. Your written response to the draft report is included in AppendixV. Within the next 45 days, please provide the OIG with a written corrective action plan that is designed to address the recommendations. The corrective action plan should include information such as the responsible official/point of contact, timeframes for completing required actions, and milestones identifying how you will address the recommendations. Should you have any questions regarding this report, please do not hesitate to contact me. We appreciate the courtesy and cooperation you and your staff extended to our office

Fostering military diplomacy with America\u27s bilateral allies: The Philippine policy of linking spokes together

This chapter examines the Philippines’ efforts to foster closer security ties with the USA, and its other bilateral security partners, namely Japan, South Korea, and Australia. These moves are aimed at strengthening the territorial defense capabilities of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) in the face of the China challenge in the South China Sea. Consequently, these enhanced strategic relations with the Philippines also pursue the secondary goal of enabling the aforementioned allies to help the AFP overcome its inadequacies in conducting local humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) operations during and after natural calamities