140 research outputs found
Universal basic income: inspecting the mechanisms
We consider the aggregate and distributional impact of Universal Basic Income (UBI). We develop a model to study a wide range of UBI programs and financing schemes and to highlight the key mechanisms behind their impact. The most crucial channel is the rise in distortionary taxation (required to fund UBI) on labor force participation. Second in importance is the decline in self-insurance due to the insurance UBI provides, resulting in lower aggregate capital. Third, UBI creates a positive income effect lowering labor force participation. Alternative tax-transfer schemes mitigate the impact on labor force participation and the cost of UBI
Machine Learning-Derived Entanglement Witnesses
In this work, we show a correspondence between linear support vector machines
(SVMs) and entanglement witnesses, and use this correspondence to generate
entanglement witnesses for bipartite and tripartite qubit (and qudit) target
entangled states. An SVM allows for the construction of a hyperplane that
clearly delineates between separable states and the target entangled state;
this hyperplane is a weighted sum of observables (`features') whose
coefficients are optimized during the training of the SVM. In contrast to other
methods such as deep neural networks, the training of an SVM is a convex
optimization problem and always yields an `optimal' solution. We demonstrate
with this method the ability to obtain witnesses that require only local
measurements even when the target state is a non-stabilizer state. Furthermore,
we show that SVMs are flexible enough to allow us to rank features, and to
reduce the number of features systematically while bounding the inference
error. This programmatic approach will allow us to streamline the detection of
entangled states in experiment.Comment: 6 page
NKp46 Receptor-Mediated Interferon-Îł Production by Natural Killer Cells Increases Fibronectin 1 to Alter Tumor Architecture and Control Metastasis
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells, and
their presence within human tumors correlates with
better prognosis. However, the mechanisms by which
NK cells control tumors in vivo are unclear. Here, we
used reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) imaging
in humans and in mice to visualize tumor architecture
in vivo.We demonstrated that signaling via the NK cell
receptor NKp46 (human) and Ncr1 (mouse) induced
interferon-g (IFN-g) secretion from intratumoral
NK cells. NKp46- and Ncr1-mediated IFN-g production
led to the increased expression of the extracellular
matrix protein fibronectin 1 (FN1) in the tumors,
which altered primary tumor architecture and resulted
in decreased metastases formation. Injection of IFN-g
into tumor-bearing mice or transgenic overexpression
of Ncr1 in NK cells in mice resulted in decreased
metastasis formation. Thus, we have defined a mechanism
of NK cell-mediated control of metastases
in vivo that may help develop NK cell-dependent cancer
therapies
The DESI Experiment, a whitepaper for Snowmass 2013
The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is a massively multiplexed
fiber-fed spectrograph that will make the next major advance in dark energy in
the timeframe 2018-2022. On the Mayall telescope, DESI will obtain spectra and
redshifts for at least 18 million emission-line galaxies, 4 million luminous
red galaxies and 3 million quasi-stellar objects, in order to: probe the
effects of dark energy on the expansion history using baryon acoustic
oscillations (BAO), measure the gravitational growth history through
redshift-space distortions, measure the sum of neutrino masses, and investigate
the signatures of primordial inflation. The resulting 3-D galaxy maps at z<2
and Lyman-alpha forest at z>2 will make 1%-level measurements of the distance
scale in 35 redshift bins, thus providing unprecedented constraints on
cosmological models.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, a White Paper for Snowmass 201
Activation of Siglec-7 Results in Inhibition of in Vitro and in Vivo Growth of Human Mast Cell Leukemia Cells
Advanced systemic mastocytosis is a rare and still untreatable disease. Blocking antibodies against inhibitory receptors, also known as 'immune checkpoints', have revolutionized anti-cancer treatment. Inhibitory receptors are expressed not only on normal immune cells, including mast cells but also on neoplastic cells. Whether activation of inhibitory receptors through monoclonal antibodies can lead to tumor growth inhibition remains mostly unknown. Here we show that the inhibitory receptor Siglec-7 is expressed by primary neoplastic mast cells in patients with systemic mastocytosis and by mast cell leukemia cell lines. Activation of Siglec-7 by anti-Siglec-7 monoclonal antibody caused phosphorylation of Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), reduced phosphorylation of KIT and induced growth inhibition in mast cell lines. In SCID-beige mice injected with either the human mast cell line HMC-1.1 and HMC-1.2 or with Siglec-7 transduced B cell lymphoma cells, anti-Siglec-7 monoclonal antibody reduced tumor growth by a mechanism involving Siglec-7 cytoplasmic domains in 'preventive' and 'treatment' settings. These data demonstrate that activation of Siglec-7 on mast cell lines can inhibit their growth in vitro and in vivo. This might pave the way to additional treatment strategies for mastocytosis
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