Kostenoptimierte Modellierung einer dekarbonisierten Fernwärmeversorgung in Flensburg bis zum Jahr 2035

In dieser Studie wird im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes „Szenarienentwicklung für die emissionsoptimierte Energieversorgung einer Fernwärmestadt“ (CERO2) ein lineares Energiesystemmodell in oemof in Python zur techno-ökonomischen Modellierung einer 100% erneuerbaren Fernwärmeversorgung der Stadt Flensburg entwickelt. Damit kann ein Beitrag zur Konkretisierung des durch die Flensburger Ratsversammlung beschlossenen Zieles einer klimaneutralen Fernwärmeversorgung Flensburgs bis zum Jahr 2035 geleistet werden. Die Einsatz- und Investitionsplanung ist auf den Fernwärmesektor beschränkt und basiert auf realen ortsspezifischen Daten zu Wärmelast, Temperaturkurven und regenerativen Wärmepotentialen. Neben dem Einbezug der Bundesförderung für effiziente Wärmenetze (BEW), werden Technologien mit einem hohen technischen Detailgrad und mit variierender Effizienz in Abhängigkeit von Temperaturprofilen auf Wärmequell- und Abnahmeseite berücksichtigt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Großwärmepumpen als relevanteste regenerative Versorgungstechnologie identifiziert werden. Wasserstoff spielt für die Verwendung im Wärmesektor eine untergeordnete Rolle. Geothermale Ressourcen ermöglichen bei entsprechender Verfügbarkeit die geringsten Wärmekosten. Im zugehörigen Erzeugerportfolio wird kein saisonaler Speicher benötigt. Die linear optimierten spezifischen Wärmekosten fallen 24 % geringer aus, als die über einen statischen Auslegungsansatz ermittelten Kosten

InP/InGaAs photodetector on SOI photonic circuitry

We present an InP-based membrane p-i-n photodetector on a silicon-on-insulator sample containing a Si-wiring photonic circuit that is suitable for use in optical interconnections on Si integrated circuits (ICs). The detector mesa footprint is 50 mu m(2), which is the smallest reported to date for this kind of device, and the junction capacitance is below 10 fF, which allows for high integration density and low dynamic power consumption. The measured detector responsivity and 3-dB bandwidth are 0.45 A/W and 33 GHz, respectively. The device fabrication is compatible with wafer-scale processing steps, guaranteeing compatibility toward future-generation electronic IC processing

Enrichment analysis of Alu elements with different spatial chromatin proximity in the human genome

Transposable elements (TEs) have no longer been totally considered as “junk DNA” for quite a time since the continual discoveries of their multifunctional roles in eukaryote genomes. As one of the most important and abundant TEs that still active in human genome, Alu, a SINE family, has demonstrated its indispensable regulatory functions at sequence level, but its spatial roles are still unclear. Technologies based on 3C(chromosomeconformation capture) have revealed the mysterious three-dimensional structure of chromatin, and make it possible to study the distal chromatin interaction in the genome. To find the role TE playing in distal regulation in human genome, we compiled the new released Hi-C data, TE annotation, histone marker annotations, and the genome-wide methylation data to operate correlation analysis, and found that the density of Alu elements showed a strong positive correlation with the level of chromatin interactions (hESC: r=0.9, P<2.2×1016; IMR90 fibroblasts: r = 0.94, P < 2.2 × 1016) and also have a significant positive correlation withsomeremote functional DNA elements like enhancers and promoters (Enhancer: hESC: r=0.997, P=2.3×10−4; IMR90: r=0.934, P=2×10−2; Promoter: hESC: r = 0.995, P = 3.8 × 10−4; IMR90: r = 0.996, P = 3.2 × 10−4). Further investigation involving GC content and methylation status showed the GC content of Alu covered sequences shared a similar pattern with that of the overall sequence, suggesting that Alu elements also function as the GC nucleotide and CpG site provider. In all, our results suggest that the Alu elements may act as an alternative parameter to evaluate the Hi-C data, which is confirmed by the correlation analysis of Alu elements and histone markers. Moreover, the GC-rich Alu sequence can bring high GC content and methylation flexibility to the regions with more distal chromatin contact, regulating the transcription of tissue-specific genes

The effect of changes in perilymphatic K+ on the vestibular evoked potential in the guinea pig

To investigate the effect on the functioning of the vestibular system of a rupture of Reissner’s membrane, artificial endolymph was injected in scala media of ten guinea pigs and vestibular evoked potentials (VsEPs), evoked by vertical acceleration pulses, were measured. Directly after injection of a sufficient volume to cause rupture, all ears showed a complete disappearance of VsEP, followed by partial recovery. To investigate the effect of perilymphatic potassium concentration on the vestibular sensory and neural structures, different concentrations of KCl were injected directly into the vestibule. The KCl injections resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of VsEP, followed by a dose-dependent slow recovery. This animal model clearly shows a disturbing effect of a higher than normal K+ concentration in perilymph on the vestibular and neural structures in the inner ear. Potassium intoxication is the most probable explanation for the observed effects. It is one of the explanations for Menière attacks

Hydrospatial Update and Progress in the Definition of this Term

The term hydrospatial first emerged in the early 2000’s in the UK. Since February 2020, the term hydrospatial has been reenergized, promoted and mentioned in many fora such as: International Hydrographic Conferences virtual and in person; and in international publications including the International Hydrographic Review (IHR) in its six last volumes. This note is intended to provide an update on where this term stands with respect to its usage, endorsement and meaning

Varespladib and cardiovascular events in patients with an acute coronary syndrome: the VISTA-16 randomized clinical trial

IMPORTANCE: Secretory phospholipase A2(sPLA2) generates bioactive phospholipid products implicated in atherosclerosis. The sPLA2inhibitor varespladib has favorable effects on lipid and inflammatory markers; however, its effect on cardiovascular outcomes is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of sPLA2inhibition with varespladib on cardiovascular outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial at 362 academic and community hospitals in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, India, and North America of 5145 patients randomized within 96 hours of presentation of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to either varespladib (n = 2572) or placebo (n = 2573) with enrollment between June 1, 2010, and March 7, 2012 (study termination on March 9, 2012). INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized to receive varespladib (500 mg) or placebo daily for 16 weeks, in addition to atorvastatin and other established therapies. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary efficacy measurewas a composite of cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal stroke, or unstable angina with evidence of ischemia requiring hospitalization at 16 weeks. Six-month survival status was also evaluated. RESULTS: At a prespecified interim analysis, including 212 primary end point events, the independent data and safety monitoring board recommended termination of the trial for futility and possible harm. The primary end point occurred in 136 patients (6.1%) treated with varespladib compared with 109 patients (5.1%) treated with placebo (hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95%CI, 0.97-1.61; log-rank P = .08). Varespladib was associated with a greater risk of MI (78 [3.4%] vs 47 [2.2%]; HR, 1.66; 95%CI, 1.16-2.39; log-rank P = .005). The composite secondary end point of cardiovascular mortality, MI, and stroke was observed in 107 patients (4.6%) in the varespladib group and 79 patients (3.8%) in the placebo group (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.02-1.82; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In patients with recent ACS, varespladib did not reduce the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events and significantly increased the risk of MI. The sPLA2inhibition with varespladib may be harmful and is not a useful strategy to reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes after ACS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01130246. Copyright 2014 American Medical Association. All rights reserved