Diagnostik semantisch-lexikalischer Störungen im Grundschulalter

Die semantisch-lexikalische Diagnostik im Grundschulalter steht vor zahlreichen Anforderungen. So sollte diese neben Defiziten auch Ressourcen sowie das individuelle Bedingungsgefüge einbeziehen und verschiedene Aspekte des mentalen Lexikons und der Wortschatzentwicklung berücksichtigen. Bisher gibt es jedoch im Deutschen kein Verfahren, dass all dem alleine gerecht wird. Deshalb wird hier eine Kombination aus dem Wortschatz- und Wortfindungstest für 6- bis 10-Jährige (WWT 6-10, Glück 2007) und einer Spontansprachanalyse thematisiert. Vorliegende Untersuchung entstand aus der Erkenntnis, dass in der Praxis meist auf den WWT als unkompliziertere Methode zurückgegriffen wird. Eine erste Fragestellung beschäftigt sich deshalb damit, ob die Spontansprachanalyse therapierelevante Informationen erbringt, die durch den Einsatz des WWTs nicht erhältlich sind. Im Weiteren wird analysiert, ob die Spontansprachanalyse ausreicht, um den diagnostischen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden in einer qualitativ-empirischen Untersuchung mit drei sprachentwicklungsgestörten Grundschulkindern im Alter von 7;2, 7;4 und 9;10 Jahren beide genannten Verfahren verglichen. Dabei zeigte sich, dass der WWT vor allem dazu dient, zugrunde liegende Mechanismen aufzudecken und das individuelle Bedingungsgefüge zu beschreiben. Die Spontansprachanalyse trägt durch das Aufzeigen von Fähigkeiten die mit Semantik und Lexikon in Zusammenhang stehen ebenfalls zu dieser Beschreibung bei. Im Wesentlichen zeigt sie jedoch Symptomatik und Strategien. Wenn man nur eines der beiden Verfahren durchführt, fehlen somit bedeutsame Informationen zur Diagnosestellung. Die sich daraus ableitende Therapieplanung kann dementsprechend weniger zielgerichtet erfolgen. Als Schlussfolgerung ergibt sich, dass momentan eine Verfahrenskombination die einzige Lösung für das Problem der semantisch-lexikalischen Diagnostik ist, die dem Ausmaß des Störungsbildes gerecht wird. Für die Zukunft bleibt das Ziel bestehen, intensiv im Bereich der Diagnostik zu forschen und entsprechende Verfahren sowie ihre Kombination zu optimieren.The assessment of lexical-semantic disorders in elementary-school-aged children faces different challenges. Not only deficits but also resources, the individual conditions and various aspects of the mental lexicon and its development have to be considered. Until now there is no German diagnostic procedure which meets all these requirement. Therefore in this work a combination of the vocabulary and word-finding test for 6- to 10- year-old children (Wortschatz- und Wortfindungstest für 6- bis 10-Jährige (WWT 6-10), Glück 2007) and an analysis of spontaneous speech is discussed. The present investigation arose out of the realization that the WWT often is used because it is the simplest way. Therefore a first leading question is whether an analysis of spontaneous speech yields information which is relevant for therapy that can’t be obtained by the application of the WWT. Furthermore this raises the question of whether an analysis of spontaneous speech is entirely sufficient to meet all diagnostic requirements. Against this background both diagnostic procedures are compared in the framework of a qualitative and empirical investigation with three elementary-school-aged children (7;2, 7;4, 9;10 years old) with speech and language impairment. It turned out that the WWT especially reveals underlying mechanisms of the disorder and describes individual conditions. The analysis of spontaneous speech also contributes to this description by pointing out abilities which are related to semantics and the lexicon. However for the most part it shows up symptoms and strategies. Thus if only one of both diagnostic procedures is used important information for the diagnosis lack and the following therapeutic intervention will be less targeted. To sum up at the moment a combination of different diagnostic procedures is the only solution for the problem of the assessment of lexical-semantic disorders which does justice to the extent of the disorder. For the future it remains an aim to carry on research in this area and to optimize diagnostic procedures and their combination

Analysis of Technology Improvement Opportunities for a 1.5MW Wind Turbine using a Hybrid Stochastic Approach in Life Cycle Assessment

This paper presents an analysis of potential technological advancements for a 1.5 MW wind turbine using a hybrid stochastic method to improve uncertainty estimates of embodied energy and embodied carbon. The analysis is specifically aimed at these two quantities due to the fact that LCA based design decision making is of utmost importance at the concept design stage. In the presented case studies, better results for the baseline turbine were observed compared to turbines with the proposed technological advancements. Embodied carbon and embodied energy results for the baseline turbine show that there is about 85% probability that the turbine manufacturers may have lost the chance to reduce carbon emissions, and 50% probability that they may have lost the chance to reduce the primary energy consumed during its manufacture. The paper also highlights that the adopted methodology can be used to support design decision making and hence is more feasible for LCA studies

Comparative LCA technology improvement opportunities for a 1.5 MW wind turbine in the context of an offshore wind farm

Wind energy is playing an increasingly important role in the development of cleaner and more efficient energy technologies leading to projections in reliability and performance of future wind turbine designs. This paper presents life cycle assessment (LCA) results of design variations for a 1.5 MW wind turbine due to the potential for advances in technology to improve the performance of a 1.5 MW wind turbine. Five LCAs have been conducted for design variants of a 1.5 MW wind turbine. The objective is to evaluate potential environmental impacts per kilowatt hour of electricity generated for a 114 MW onshore wind farm. Results for the baseline turbine show that higher contributions to impacts were obtained in the categories Ozone Depletion Potential, Marine Aquatic Eco-toxicity Potential, Human Toxicity Potential and Terrestrial Eco-toxicity Potential compared to Technology Improvement Opportunities (TIOs) 1 to 4. Compared to the baseline turbine, TIO 1 showed increased impact contributions to Abiotic Depletion Potential, Acidification Potential, Eutrophication Potential, Global Warming Potential and Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential, and TIO 2 showed an increase in contributions to Abiotic Depletion Potential, Acidification Potential and Global Warming Potential. Additionally, lower contributions to all the environmental categories were observed for TIO 3 while increased contributions towards Abiotic Depletion Potential and Global Warming Potential were noted for TIO 4. A comparative LCA study of wind turbine design variations for a particular power rating has not been explored in the literature. This study presents new insight into the environmental implications related with projected wind turbine design advancements

Generierung von Phosphomethinyliden aus unterschiedlichen Vorstufen Versuche zur Darstellung von Homophospholen, 2-Phosphabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-en, Benzohomophosphol und syn-Bishomophosphol

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: DW 4244 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Parameters in laser beam diagnostics

The diagnostic of the distribution of the radiation of CO sub 2 high power lasers has proved to be an efficient measurement device for the development of beam sources and their application. They help to achieve an exact adjustment of lasers or detect changes within the laser beam which could be the reason for faulty processing. As a central element of control systems, industrial application in production may only be effected if the considerable number of informations which result from the measurements is reduced to a few characteristic parameters. By means of these, criteria for control may be determined. This enables and facilitates a description of the correlation laser beam:processing device or process. Suggestions for the definition and coordination

Life cycle assessment of an onshore wind farm located at the northeastern coast of Brazil

This article assesses the life cycle emissions of a fictive onshore wind power station consisting of 141.5-MW wind turbines situated on the northeastern coast of Brazil. The objective is to identify the main sources of CO2(eq)-emissions during the life cycle of the wind farm. The novelty of this work lies in the focus on Brazil and its emerging national manufacturing industry. With an electricity matrix that is primarily based on renewable energy sources (87% in 2010), this country emits eight times less CO2 for\ud the production of 1 kWh of electricity than the global average. Although this fact jeopardizes the CO2 mitigation potential of wind power projects, it also reduces the carbon footprint of parts and components manufactured in Brazil. The analysis showed that reduced CO2-emissions in the material production stage and the low emissions of the component production stage led to a favorable CO2-intensity of 7.1 g CO2/kWh. The bulk of the emissions, a share of over 90%, were unambiguously caused by the production stage, and the transportation stage was responsible for another 6% of the CO2-emissions. The small contributions from the construction and operation phases could be neglected. Within the manufacturing process, the steel tower was identified as the source responsible for more than half of the emissions. The environmental impacts of the wind farm are small in terms of CO2-emissions, which can be credited to\ud a green electricity mix. This scenario presents an advantage for the country and for further production sites, particularly in the surroundings of the preferred wind farm sites in Brazil, which should be favored to reduce CO2 emissions to an even greater extent