Des Mondes bricolés ? Arts et sciences à l'épreuve de la notion de bricolage

Cet ouvrage et le DVD qui l'accompagne parlent d'art, de bricolage et d'ingénierie. Leur point de départ : l'opposition, formulée par Claude Lévi-Strauss dans "La Pensée sauvage" entre "l'ingénieur", l'homme du projet et du concept, et le "bricoleur", qui crée avec les moyens du bord, puisant dans un stock d'objets accumulés sans projet précis. Cette opposition est-elle réelle ? A-t-elle du sens aujourd'hui

Soutien des équipes de santé mentale aux équipes MCO : une expérience de la crise Covid

Nous avons développé depuis plusieurs mois une expertise sur la prise en charge des soignants, grâce à un pôle de soin spécifique. Le modèle thérapeutique utilisé s’appuie sur les thérapies comportementales et cognitives et sur la thérapie d’acceptation et d’engagement (ACT). Nous avons été sollicités début avril 2020 dans le contexte de la crise Covid, pour accompagner les équipes d'une clinique MCO (Médecine – Chirurgie – Obstétrique) de la région Parisienne. Le contexte d’intervention a permis d’identifier des critères d’alerte vis-à-vis de l’urgence d’une réponse face à la crise sanitaire. Par la suite, des besoins ont été identifiés à travers divers partenaires. La prise en charge s’est vue nécessairement en groupe et la qualité des intervenants a été une des clés du dispositif. Celui-ci s’est déployé dans trois services : un de médecine, un de réanimation et un d’urgence. Plus spécifiquement, les outils de la thérapie ACT, à différents niveaux, viennent explorer les ressources et favoriser un engagement vers le changement, tout en accueillant la difficulté de l’entreprendre face à l’arrêt d’un processus de penser. Le sens, de manière générale, s’est établi à travers la verbalisation et le débriefing, permettant un fil conducteur pour les équipes. Ainsi, en abordant d’autres perspectives, la temporalité de crise se voit transformer, et dépasse un certain désespoir vécu

Monitoring of the Temporal Evolution of Water Vapor in the Stratosphere of Jupiter with the Odin Space Telescope Between 2002 and 2019

International audienceIn this paper, we present two decades of monitoring of the water emission in Jupiter's stratosphere with the Odin space telescope. We discuss the implications of the observed line to continuum ratio decrease in terms of vertical mixing and atmospheric chemistry

Monitoring of the Temporal Evolution of Water Vapor in the Stratosphere of Jupiter with the Odin Space Telescope Between 2002 and 2019

International audienceIn this paper, we present two decades of monitoring of the water emission in Jupiter's stratosphere with the Odin space telescope. We discuss the implications of the observed line to continuum ratio decrease in terms of vertical mixing and atmospheric chemistry

Monitoring of the temporal evolution of water vapor in the stratosphere of Jupiter with the Odin space telescope between 2002 and 2019

International audienceIn July 1994, comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with Jupiter. This has introduced new chemical species into Jupiter"s atmosphere, notably H2O. We observed the disk-averaged emission H2O in Jupiter"s stratosphere at 556.936 GHz between 2002 and 2019 with the Odin space telescope with the initial goal of better constraining vertical eddy mixing (Kzz) in the layers probed by our observations (0.2-5 mbar). The Odin observations show a decrease of about 40% of the line emission from 2002 to 2019. We analyzed these observations by combining a 1D photochemical model with a radiative transfer model to constrain the vertical eddy diffusion Kzz in the stratosphere of Jupiter. We were able to reproduce this decrease by modifying a well-established Kzz profile, in the 0.2 mbar to 5 mbar pressure range. However, the Kzz obtained is incompatible with observations of the main hydrocarbons. We found that even if we increase locally the initial abundances of H2O and CO at impact, the photochemical conversion of H2O and CO to CO2 does not allow us to find the observed decrease of the H2O emission line over time, suggesting that there is another loss mechanism. We propose that auroral chemistry, not accounted for in our model, as a promising candidate to explain the loss of H2O seen by Odin. Modeling the temporal evolution of the chemical species deposited by comet SL9 in the atmosphere of Jupiter with a 2D photochemical model would be the next step in this study

Monitoring of the Temporal Evolution of Water Vapor in the Stratosphere of Jupiter with the Odin Space Telescope Between 2002 and 2019

International audienceIn this paper, we present two decades of monitoring of the water emission in Jupiter's stratosphere with the Odin space telescope. We discuss the implications of the observed line to continuum ratio decrease in terms of vertical mixing and atmospheric chemistry

LPS-binding protein and IL-6 Mark paradoxical tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV patients

Background: Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) remains a poorly understood complication in HIV-TB co-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). The role of the innate immune system in TB-IRIS is becoming increasingly apparent, however the potential involvement in TB-IRIS of a leaky gut and proteins that interfere with TLR stimulation by binding PAMPs has not been investigated before. Here we aimed to investigate the innate nature of the cytokine response in TB-IRIS and to identify novel potential biomarkers. Methods: From a large prospective cohort of HIV-TB co-infected patients receiving TB treatment, we compared 40 patients who developed TB-IRIS during the first month of ART with 40 patients matched for age, sex and baseline CD4 count who did not. We analyzed plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP), LPS, sCD14, endotoxin-core antibody, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) and 18 pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines before and during ART. Results: We observed lower baseline levels of IL-6 (p = 0.041), GCSF (p = 0.036) and LBP (p = 0.016) in TB-IRIS patients. At IRIS event, we detected higher levels of LBP, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, G-CSF (p ≤ 0.032) and lower I-FABP levels (p = 0.013) compared to HIV-TB co-infected controls. Only IL-6 showed an independent effect in multivariate models containing significant cytokines from pre-ART (p = 0.039) and during TB-IRIS (p = 0.034). Conclusion: We report pre-ART IL-6 and LBP levels as well as IL-6, LBP and I-FABP levels during IRIS-event as potential biomarkers in TB-IRIS. Our results show no evidence of the possible contribution of a leaky gut to TB-IRIS and indicate that IL-6 holds a distinct role in the disturbed innate cytokine profile before and during TB-IRIS. Future clinical studies should investigate the importance and clinical relevance of these markers for the diagnosis and treatment of TB-IRIS. Copyright: © 2013 Goovaerts et al.SCOPUS: ar.jSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Lack of elevated pre-ART elastase-ANCA levels in patients developing TB-IRIS

Background Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in HIV-TB co-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been linked to neutrophil activation. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are also associated with neutrophil activation. Since ANCAs are reportedly skewed in TB and HIV infections, we investigated plasma levels of 7 ANCAs in TB-IRIS patients. Methods We retrospectively compared 17 HIV-TB patients who developed TB-IRIS with controls of similar CD4 count, age and gender who did not (HIV+TB+ n = 17), HIV-infected patients without TB (HIV+TB-, n = 17) and 10 HIV-negative (HIV-TB-) controls. Frozen plasma was collected before ART, at 3 and 9 months of ART, and examined by ELISA for levels of 7 ANCAs directed against; Proteinase 3 (PR3), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Permeability-increasing protein (BPI), Elastase, Cathepsin, Lysozyme, and Lactoferrin. Results Compared to HIV+TB+ controls, pre-ART anti-elastase levels were lower in TB-IRIS patients (p = 0.026) and HIV-TB- controls (p = 0.044), whereas other ANCAs did not show significant differences between groups at any time point. A significant decrease over time could be observed in TB-IRIS patients during ART for anti -PR3 (p = 0.027), -lysozyme (p = 0.011), and -lactoferrin (p = 0.019). Conversely, HIV+TB+ controls showed a significant decrease over time for anti -MPO (p = 0.002), -lyzosyme (p = 0.002) and -elastase (p < 0.001). Conclusion The lack of elevated anti-elastase levels in TB-IRIS patients as opposed to HIV+TB+ controls correspond to previous findings of lowered immune capacity in patients that will develop TB-IRIS. This may suggest a specific role for anti-elastase, elastase or even matrix-metalloproteinases in TB-IRIS. The precise dynamics of neutrophil activation in HIV-TB merits further investigation and could provide more insight in the early mechanisms leading up to TB-IRIS.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe