7,404 research outputs found
The tails in the Helix Nebula NGC 7293
We have examined a stream-source model for the production of the cometary
tails observed in the Helix Nebula NGC 7293 in which a transonic or moderately
supersonic stream of ionized gas overruns a source of ionized gas. Hydrodynamic
calculations reveal velocity structures which are in good agreement with the
observational data on tail velocities and are consistent with observations of
the nebular structure. The results also are indicative of a stellar atmosphere
origin for the cometary globules. Tail remnants persist for timescales long
enough for their identification with faint striations visible in the nebula gas
to be plausible.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&
The Butcher-Oemler Effect in Abell 2317
This paper presents deep narrow band photometry of the cluster A2317
(z=0.211) carried out using KPNO 4 m and Steward 2.3 m telescopes. Using rest
frame Stromgren photometry, it is determined that A2317 has an unusually high
fraction of blue galaxies (the Butcher-Oemler effect) for its redshift
(f_B=0.35). We demonstrate that the ratio of blue to red galaxies has a strong
dependence on absolute magnitude such that blue galaxies dominate the top of
the luminosity function. Spectrophotometric classification shows that a
majority of the red galaxies are E/S0's, with a small number of reddened
starburst galaxies. Butcher-Oemler galaxies are shown to be galaxies with star
formation rates typical of late-type spirals and irregular. Starburst systems
were typically found to be on the lower end of the cluster luminosity function.
In addition, blue galaxies are preferentially found in the outer edges of the
cluster, whereas the red galaxies are concentrated in the cluster core.Comment: 23 pages including 1 table and 6 figures, AASTeX v4.0. Accepted by
Ap.J. Data, referee report and response are avaliable from
http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~j
Great Bay Estuary Restoration Compendium
Single species approaches to natural resource conservation and management are now viewed as antiquated and oversimplified for dealing with complex systems. Scientists and managers who work in estuaries and other marine systems have urged adoption of ecosystem based approaches to management for nearly a decade, yet practitioners are still struggling to translate the ideas into practice. Similarly, ecological restoration projects in coastal systems have typically addressed one species or habitat. In recent years, efforts to focus on multiple species and habitats have increased. Our project developed an integrated ecosystem approach to identify multi-habitat restoration opportunities in the Great Bay estuary, New Hampshire. We created a conceptual site selection model based on a comparison of historic and modern distribution and abundance data, current environmental conditions, and expert review. Restoration targets included oysters and softshell clams, salt marshes, eelgrass beds, and seven diadromous fish species. Spatial data showing the historical and present day distributions for multiple species and habitats were compiled and integrated into a geographic information system. A matrix of habitat interactions was developed to identify potential for synergy and subsequent restoration efficiency. Output from the site selection models was considered within this framework to identify ecosystem restoration landscapes. The final products of these efforts include a series of maps detailing multi-habitat restoration opportunities extending from upland freshwater fish habitat down to the bay bottom. A companion guidance document was created to present project methods and a review of restoration methods. The authors hope that this work will help to stimulate and inform new restoration projects within the Great Bay estuarine system, and that it will serve as a foundation to be updated and improved as more information is collected
Impact for Agents
Impact for agents. Most of the agent research community has been predicting greater impact for years and many of us have been working to help the process along. Yet the tremendous growth on the research front has not been met with
Modeling the surface and interior structure of comet nuclei using a multidisciplinary approach
The goal was to investigate the structural properties of the surface of comet nucleus and how the surface should change with time under effect of solar radiation. The basic model that was adopted was that the nucleus is an aggregate of frosty particles loosely bound together, so that it is essentially a soil. The nucleus must mostly be composed of dust particles. The observed mass ratios of dust to gas in the coma is never much greater than unity, but this ratio is probably a much lower limit than that of the nucleus because it is vastly easier to remove the gaseous component by sublimation than by carrying off the dust. Therefore the described models assumed that the particles in the soil were frost covered grains of submicron basic size, closely resembling the interstellar grains. The surface properties of such a nucleus under the effects of heating and cooling as the nucleus approaches and recedes from the Sun generally characterized
An additional note on the IR-excess of the helium-variable stars
The IR fluxes of 2 He-variable stars in Orion (Ï Ori E = HD 37479 and HD 37017) were reobserved through 4.8 ÎŒm on 16 Jan. 1982, at Steward Observatory. The M-band excesses previously reported are not confirmed by these observations
Giving patients granular control of personal health information: Using an ethics âPoints to Considerâ to inform informatics system designers
Objective: There are benefits and risks of giving patients more granular control of their personal health information in electronic health record (EHR) systems. When designing EHR systems and policies, informaticists and system developers must balance these benefits and risks. Ethical considerations should be an explicit part of this balancing. Our objective was to develop a structured ethics framework to accomplish this.
Methods: We reviewed existing literature on the ethical and policy issues, developed an ethics framework called a âPoints to Considerâ (P2C) document, and convened a national expert panel to review and critique the P2C.
Results: We developed the P2C to aid informaticists designing an advanced query tool for an electronic health record (EHR) system in Indianapolis. The P2C consists of six questions (âPointsâ) that frame important ethical issues, apply accepted principles of bioethics and Fair Information Practices, comment on how questions might be answered, and address implications for patient care.
Discussion: The P2C is intended to clarify whatis at stake when designers try to accommodate potentially competing ethical commitments and logistical realities. The P2C was developed to guide informaticists who were designing a query tool in an existing EHR that would permit patient granular control. While consideration of ethical issues is coming to the forefront of medical informatics design and development practices, more reflection is needed to facilitate optimal collaboration between designers and ethicists. This report contributes to that discussion
- âŠ