389 research outputs found
The Impact of Primary Schools on the Differential Distribution of Samoan Adolescents\u27 Competence with Honorific Language
In the Western Polynesian society of Samoa, cultural learning and the acquisition of competency in many domains is substantially influenced by the hierarchical structure of social relations and interactions. From a population-level perspective, this pattern of intergenerational transmission of culture can generate differential distribution of competencies based on children’s relative household rank for many domains of cultural knowledge. As the local primary school provides children with opportunities to learn without regard to household rank, the possibility exists that it may act as a countervailing force in the distribution of cultural competency. This report examines this possibility through the analysis of children’s developing competency with the Samoan honorific lexicon, a basic yet important element of the larger category of respectful behavior that all adults are expected to acquire. A multiple-choice test of the Samoan honorific lexicon was administered to a sample of early adolescent school children aged 10 - 14 years (n = 64) at a single, rural primary school. Analysis of this data set supports the interpretation that the primary school functions to reduce the levels of variation in competencies across the population of children, and thus operates as a leveling mechanism in this domain of cultural knowledge
The Effects of Hofmeister Salts on the Cytochrome c Folding Pathway in Solution and within Sol-Gel Glasses
Lunar navigation study, sections 1 through 7 Final report, Jun. 1964 - May 1965
Lunar navigation analysis using passive nongyro, inertial navigation, and radio frequency technolog
Lunar navigation study, summary volume Final report, Jun. 1964 - May 1965
Lunar surface navigation and guidance study to implement lunar surface vehicle exploration mission
Field evaluation of anticoccidial efficacy:A novel approach demonstrates reduced efficacy of toltrazuril against ovine Eimeria spp. in Norway
Ovine Eimeria spp. infections cause reduced welfare, increased mortality, and substantial economic losses, and anticoccidials are crucial for their control. Recent reports of toltrazuril resistance in pigs, and anecdotal reports of reduced anticoccidial efficacy in lambs, necessitate evaluation of anticoccidial efficacy. Due to the substantial lifecycle differences between nematodes and coccidia, current WAAVP methods for assessing anthelmintic efficacy are not suitable for such evaluations. Faecal samples were collected from 8 pairs of twin lambs from 36 Norwegian sheep farms 6–8 days after turnout. One twin of each pair was then treated with 20 mg/kg toltrazuril and a second faecal sample from all lambs was collected 7–11 days later. Oocyst excretion rate in all samples was determined using McMasters. Suitability of treatment timing was investigated by evaluating the increase in mean log oocyst excretion in untreated lambs. Based on comparisons between groups, a threshold of ≥0.75 (13 farms) was used to identify farms where drug efficacy could be assessed with confidence, drug efficacy on farms with increases of ≥0.5 but <0.75 (7 farms) were evaluated with caution, and drug efficacy on farms with increases of <0.5 (16 farms) was not estimated. Reduction in oocyst excretion between samples from treated lambs compared with controls from the 20 farms with a threshold of ≥0.5 were then analysed using a generalised linear mixed model. The results were classified based on 95% CI obtained using parametric bootstrapping. Among these 20 farms, two exhibited reduced drug efficacy (upper 95% CI < 95%), 13 had good efficacy (lower 95% CI > 90%), and for 5 the results were inconclusive. This is the first evidence-based report of reduced anticoccidial efficacy in ovine Eimeria spp. Additionally, we highlight the problem of sub-optimal timing of treatment (16/36 farms), which could potentially result in incorrect conclusions being reached regarding lack of drug efficacy. Keywords: Eimeria spp., Anticoccidial efficacy, Drug resistance, Field evaluation, Norway, Shee
Validation of the CogDrisk Instrument as Predictive of Dementia in Four General Community-Dwelling Populations
Background: Lack of external validation of dementia risk tools is a major limitation for generalizability and translatability of prediction scores in clinical practice and research. Objectives: We aimed to validate a new dementia prediction risk tool called CogDrisk and a version, CogDrisk-AD for predicting Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using cohort studies. Design, Setting, Participants and Measurements: Four cohort studies were identified that included majority of the dementia risk factors from the CogDrisk tool. Participants who were free of dementia at baseline were included. The predictors were component variables in the CogDrisk tool that include self-reported demographics, medical risk factors and lifestyle habits. Risk scores for Any Dementia and AD were computed and Area Under the Curve (AUC) was assessed. To examine modifiable risk factors for dementia, the CogDrisk tool was tested by excluding age and sex estimates from the model. Results: The performance of the tool varied between studies. The overall AUC and 95% CI for predicting dementia was 0.77 (0.57, 0.97) for the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, 0.76 (0.70, 0.83) for the Health and Retirement Study - Aging, Demographics and Memory Study, 0.70 (0.67,0.72) for the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study, and 0.66 (0.62,0.70) for the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Conclusions: The CogDrisk and CogDrisk-AD performed well in the four studies. Overall, this tool can be used to assess individualized risk factors of dementia and AD in various population settings
Young Stellar Object Candidates in IC 417
IC 417 is in the Galactic Plane, and likely part of the Aur OB2 association;
it is ~2 kpc away. Stock 8 is one of the densest cluster constituents; off of
it to the East, there is a 'Nebulous Stream' (NS) that is dramatic in the
infrared (IR). We have assembled a list of literature-identified young stellar
objects (YSOs), new candidate YSOs from the NS, and new candidate YSOs from IR
excesses. We vetted this list via inspection of the images, spectral energy
distributions (SEDs), and color-color/color-magnitude diagrams. We placed the
710 surviving YSOs and candidate YSOs in ranked bins, nearly two-thirds of
which have more than 20 points defining their SEDs. The lowest-ranked bins
include stars that are confused, or likely carbon stars. There are 503 in the
higher-ranked bins; half are SED Class III, and 40\% are SED Class II.
Our results agree with the literature in that we find that the NS and Stock 8
are at about the same distance as each other (and as the rest of the YSOs), and
that the NS is the youngest region, with Stock 8 a little older. We do not find
any evidence for an age spread within the NS, consistent with the idea that the
star formation trigger came from the north. We do not find that the other
literature-identified clusters here are as young as either the NS or Stock 8;
at best they are older than Stock 8, and they may not all be legitimate
clusters.Comment: Accepted by AAS Journal
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Kidney Function and Cognitive Health in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Recent evidence has demonstrated the importance of kidney function in healthy aging. We examined the association between kidney function and change in cognitive function in 3,907 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study, recruited from 4 U.S. communities, and studied from 1992 - 1999. Kidney function was measured by cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR[subscript cys]). Cognitive function was assessed using the Modified Mini-Mental State Exam and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test administered up to 7 times during annual visits. There was an association between eGFR[subscript cys] and change in cognitive function after adjustment for confounders; persons with eGFR[subscript cys] < 60 ml/min/1.73m² had a 0.64 (95% confidence interval: 0.51, 0.77) point/year faster decline in Modified Mini-Mental State Exam score and a 0.42 (95% confidence interval: 0.28, 0.56) point/year faster decline in Digit Symbol Substitution Test score compared with persons with eGFR[subscript cys] ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73m². Additional adjustment for intermediate cardiovascular events modestly impacted these associations. Participants with eGFR[subscript cys] < 60 ml/min/1.73m² had fewer cognitive impairment-free life-years on average compared with those with eGFR[subscript cys] ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73m², independent of confounders and mediating cardiovascular events (-0.44, 95% confidence interval: -0.62, -0.26). Older adults with reduced kidney function are at increased risk of worsening cognitive function.This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. It can be found at: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/Keywords: stroke, aging, myocardial infarction, successful aging, chronic kidney disease, cognitive function, prospective study, congestive heart failur
Lunar navigation study, sections 8 through 10 and appendices Final report, Jun. 1964 - May 1965
Component capabilities and requirements for lunar navigation concept
The KELT Follow-Up Network And Transit False-Positive Catalog: Pre-Vetted False Positives For TESS
The Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) project has been conducting a photometric survey of transiting planets orbiting bright stars for over 10 years. The KELT images have a pixel scale of ~23\u27\u27 pixel⁻¹—very similar to that of NASA\u27s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)—as well as a large point-spread function, and the KELT reduction pipeline uses a weighted photometric aperture with radius 3\u27. At this angular scale, multiple stars are typically blended in the photometric apertures. In order to identify false positives and confirm transiting exoplanets, we have assembled a follow-up network (KELT-FUN) to conduct imaging with spatial resolution, cadence, and photometric precision higher than the KELT telescopes, as well as spectroscopic observations of the candidate host stars. The KELT-FUN team has followed-up over 1600 planet candidates since 2011, resulting in more than 20 planet discoveries. Excluding ~450 false alarms of non-astrophysical origin (i.e., instrumental noise or systematics), we present an all-sky catalog of the 1128 bright stars (6 \u3c V \u3c 13) that show transit-like features in the KELT light curves, but which were subsequently determined to be astrophysical false positives (FPs) after photometric and/or spectroscopic follow-up observations. The KELT-FUN team continues to pursue KELT and other planet candidates and will eventually follow up certain classes of TESS candidates. The KELT FP catalog will help minimize the duplication of follow-up observations by current and future transit surveys such as TESS
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