Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance survey in West Nile, Uganda

IUATLD Conference, Paris, 200

Trend of case notification and treatment outcome in tb management units in refugee settlements in Uganda. A fouryear retrospective analysis, 2014-2017

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health challenge in refugee populations. Monitoring the key indicators of TB program performance is essential to improve the effectiveness of TB control in refugee camps.Objective: To investigate trends of TB case notifications and treatment outcomes in refugee settlements in Uganda, 2014-2017.Design: Retrospective descriptive cohort studySettings: Thirty-three health facilities located in 12 refugee settlementsSubjects: All TB cases registered from January 1 2014 to December 31 2017Results: A total of 794 TB cases of whom 63.4% were of age 15-44 years and 2.9% Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) were registered. TB case notification increased from 89 in 2014 to 452 cases in 2017. From 2014 to 2017: male to female ratio for notification was ≥ 2.1:1; percentage of bacteriologically confirmed new and relapse pulmonary was 73.5% to 90.5%; and TB treatment success rate remained lower at 56.2% to 70.8%. On average 32.2% had unfavorable outcomes, including 22% lost to followup (LTFU), 4.5% not evaluated, 3.8% died, and 1.5% had treatment failure. Unsuccessful treatment was significantly associated with EPTB (AOR 11.4 95% CI (1.9-66.5).Conclusion: During the study period: TB case notification continuously increased; TB cases were predominately by male and age 15-44 years; frequency of EPTB remained lower than the national data (7.3%); and TB treatment success was far below the global target (≥ 90%) which need to be improved. There was higher LTFU, not evaluated and death. Patients with EPTB who are at higher risk for unsuccessful treatment need special support

One Year Survey of Human Rotavirus Strains Suggests the Emergence of Genotype G12 in Cameroon

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Combining ability and heritability analysis of sweetpotato weevil resistance, root yield, and dry matter content in sweetpotato

Efficient breeding and selection of superior genotypes requires a comprehensive understanding of the genetics of traits. This study was aimed at establishing the general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and heritability of sweetpotato weevil (Cylas spp.) resistance, storage root yield, and dry matter content in a sweetpotato multi-parental breeding population. A population of 1,896 F1 clones obtained from an 8 × 8 North Carolina II design cross was evaluated with its parents in the field at two sweetpotato weevil hotspots in Uganda, using an augmented row-column design. Clone roots were further evaluated in three rounds of a no-choice feeding laboratory bioassay. Significant GCA effects for parents and SCA effects for families were observed for most traits and all variance components were highly significant (p ≤ 0.001). Narrow-sense heritability estimates for weevil severity, storage root yield, and dry matter content were 0.35, 0.36, and 0.45, respectively. Parental genotypes with superior GCA for weevil resistance included “Mugande,” NASPOT 5, “Dimbuka-bukulula,” and “Wagabolige.” On the other hand, families that displayed the highest levels of resistance to weevils included “Wagabolige” × NASPOT 10 O, NASPOT 5 × “Dimbuka-bukulula,” “Mugande” × “Dimbuka-bukulula,” and NASPOT 11 × NASPOT 7. The moderate levels of narrow-sense heritability observed for the traits, coupled with the significant GCA and SCA effects, suggest that there is potential for their improvement through conventional breeding via hybridization and progeny selection and advancement. Although selection for weevil resistance may, to some extent, be challenging for breeders, efforts could be boosted through applying genomics-assisted breeding. Superior parents and families identified through this study could be deployed in further research involving the genetic improvement of these traits