Verification of [4(1,2-Di Hydro -4,6-Dihydroxy Pyrimidine -2- Yh Thio)-3-Hydroxy-5-(2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-Dioxolan-4-Yl) Furan-2(5H)One] Properties as Antioxidants in Experimental Animals Induced with Diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with Oxidative stress which indicates the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and defensive antioxidants system. In this work it has been proved that compound [4(1,2-di hydro -4,6-dihydroxy pyrimidine -2- yH thio)-3-hydroxy-5-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) furan-2(5H)one](3A) works as antioxidant compared with other used in this study. Rabbits used  were divided into the induced diabetic rabbits (n=5) , rabbits control (n=5), treatment groups  with following antioxidants  aspirin (n=5) ,GSH(n=5) ,Vitamin C (n=5) and with preparation compound  (3A) (n=5)  which  believed to be as antioxidants, The results show that levels of serum glucose and MDA in diabetic rabbits  were  significantly increased (p<0.000) for both as compared with control group and significantly decreased in treatment groups with aspirin, GSH, Vit C, and   (3 A) while the level of membrane protein has been significantly decreased (p<0.000) as compared with control group and significantly decreased in treatment groups with aspirin, GSH, Vit C, and  (3 A), these results verified that compound ( 3A) considered  as antioxidant, but another study needs to detect the ability to used as drug. Keyword: Diabetes Mellitus, Malondialdehyde(MDA), Aspirin, Reduced glutathione ( GSH), 3A

The Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space Method for Solving System of Linear Weakly Singular Volterra Integral Equations

The exact solutions of a system of linear weakly singular Volterra integral equations (VIE) have been a difficult to find.  The aim of this paper is to apply reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) method to find the approximate solutions to this type of systems. At first, we used Taylor's expansion to omit the singularity.  From an expansion the given system of linear weakly singular VIE is transform into a system of linear ordinary differential equations (LODEs).   The approximate solutions are represent in the form of series in the reproducing kernel space . By comparing with the exact solutions of two examples, we saw that RKHS is a powerful, easy to apply and full efficiency in scientific applications to build a solution without linearization and turbulence or discretization.&nbsp

The effect of some Variables and Antibodies Against Inhalation and Food Allergens on Asthmatic Mail PatientsCompared with Control Group

This research included the detection of some variables levels( histamine, serotonin, LOX5 and LTA4H),  the effective level of thesevariables on asthmatic group. also the effect antibodies of against inhalation and food allergenswhich leads effective on asthmatic disease. The level of these variables increasesin more asthmatic group than control group  also some inhalation and food allergens increase in asthmatic group when compared with control group .This research included the detection of some variables levels( histamine, serotonin, LOX5 and LTA4H),  the effective level of thesevariables on asthmatic group. also the effect antibodies of against inhalation and food allergenswhich leads effective on asthmatic disease. The level of these variables increasesin more asthmatic group than control group  also some inhalation and food allergens increase in asthmatic group when compared with control group

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor : case series of 14 with wide range of clinical presentation

To present 14 cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), highlighting their clinical, radiographic, and histologic characteristics. Fourteen cases of AOT were retrieved from the archives of the Oral Pathology Biopsy Service (OPBS). Clinical, radiologic, and histologic findings are described. Fourteen AOT cases were reviewed, of which 12 were intraosseous and two were peripheral (gingiva). The cases came from eight females and six males with an age range of 11?30. Of the 12 intraosseous cases, nine were follicular (associated with impacted teeth), while three were extra-follicular (present between teeth). Six of the 12 cases were in the maxilla, and the other six were in the mandible. The two peripheral cases presented as nodules on the buccal gingiva of the anterior maxillary teeth. Radiographically, all 12 follicular and extra-follicular cases were unilocular radiolucencies; of those, only one had specks of radiopacity. Histologically, all specimens were similar in morphology, demonstrating a varied degree of duct-like structures, epithelial spheres, spindle-shaped epithelial cells, calcifications, and a thick capsule. The two peripheral cases had no capsule. AOT usually affects patients under 20 years of age, with a female to male ratio close to 2:1. Presentation in the anterior maxilla is almost twice as common as in the anterior mandible. Radiographically, AOT presents as a unilocular radiolucency more commonly associated with impacted teeth, simulating a dentigerous cyst. We present 14 new cases of AOT (nine follicular, three extra-follicular, and two peripheral) with discussions of their clinical, radiographic, and histological features

Is Bowel Rest a Prerequisite for Successful Outcome in Nonoperative Management of Extrahepatic Bile Duct Blunt Injury in Children?

Extrahepatic bile duct injury resulting from blunt abdominal trauma in children is not common. Nonoperative management has become the standard of care. During a two-year period from January 2005 to December 2006, we treated 1015 pediatric traumas. Of those, 103 were blunt abdominal trauma. Only two patients had injury to the extrahepatic bile ducts. Both cases were managed nonoperatively; however, the clinical presentation required a different approach. Facilitation of bile flow by means of sphincterotomy, or putting a transampullary stent, had the most significant impact on successful outcome. Bowel rest did not influence outcome. Therefore nonoperative management of blunt extrahepatic bile duct blunt injuries in children should be based on ensuring adequate bile flow. Bowel rest does not seem to be a prerequisite for successful outcome.Index Word: Blunt abdominal trauma; extrahepatic bile duct injury; nonoperative

Study the Changes of Thyroid Hormones Levels Following Major Urological Surgery

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of major surgery on thyroid hormones and thyrotropin in patient undergoing major lower abdominal surgery. The study included fifty patients scheduled for elective major lower abdominal surgery, the serum levels of T3, T4 and TSH were determined one day preoperatively, intraoperative, one day postoperatively, two days postoperatively, and rT3 was determined one day preoperatively, and one day postoperatively. We observed that the levels of (T3, T4, TSH) increased significantly (P0.05). rT3 increased not significant (P>0.05) in one day postoperatively. It has been proposed these changes due to surgical stress that inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 by inhibiting peripheral 5'-deiodinase activity, also The absence of pituitary response to changes in serum levels of T3 and T4.According to the results of this study there is a transient abnormality in thyroid function tests in patient undergoing elective major surgery and this abnormality due to surgical stress

Towards monolithic integration of germanium light sources on silicon chips

Germanium (Ge) is a group-IV indirect band gap semiconductor, and therefore bulk Ge cannot emit light efficiently. However, the direct band gap energy is close to the indirect one, and significant engineering efforts are being made to convert Ge into an efficient gain material monolithically integrated on a Si chip. In this article, we will review the engineering challenges of developing Ge light sources fabricated using nano-fabrication technologies compatible with Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) processes. In particular, we review recent progress in applying high-tensile strain to Ge to reduce the direct band gap. Another important technique is doping Ge with donor impurities to fill the indirect band gap valleys in the conduction band. Realization of carrier confinement structures and suitable optical cavities will be discussed. Finally, we will discuss possible applications of Ge light sources in potential photonics-electronics convergent systems

Effect of Some Heavy Metals on Testosterone Hormone in Infertile Men

الخلفية: يتم تعريف العقم على أنه فشل في تحقيق الحمل بعد عام واحد وأكثر من الاتصال الجنسي غير المحمي بانتظام. ارتبط تعرض الجهاز التناسلي للمعادن الثقيلة أيضًا بالعقم عند الرجال. وهناك عدد كبير من المعادن عبارة عن مواد سامة للجهاز التناسلي ويشتبه في كونها مضطربة لنظام الغدد الصماء. المرضى والطرق: أجريت هذه الدراسة في المعهد العالي لتشخيص العقم والتقنيات المساعدة الإنجابية في جامعة النهرين ومركز استشاري التسمم / مستشفى الجراحات التخصصية في مدينة الطب في الفترة من نوفمبر 2018 إلى أبريل 2019. كان عدد الرجال 150 المسجلين في هذه الدراسة مقسمة إلى مجموعتين ، المريض ومجموعات المراقبة الطبيعية. وشملت مجموعة المرضى 100 رجل تتراوح أعمارهم بين 20-50 سنة. شملت المجموعة الثانية 50 رجلاً يتمتعون بصحة جيدة ولديهم طفلان على الأقل دون أي تاريخ سابق للأمراض الجهازية كمجموعة مراقبة. تم تقدير تركيزات المعادن الثقيلة لجميع مجموعات الدراسة. الهدف من الدراسة الحالية هو تقييم بعض تركيزات المعادن الثقيلة ، في الدم والدم الكامل للمجموعات. تقييم هرمون التستوستيرون في مصل الرجال المصابين بالعقم والضوابط الصحية ودراسة العلاقة بين هذا الهرمون والعناصر النزرة التي قدرت بين الحالات. النتائج : أظهرت تراكيز المعادن الثقيلة وهي كل من النحاس والرصاص والكادميوم زيادة معنوية عالية وتحت مستوى احتمالية اقل من 0.010.01 في مصل دم و دم الرجال العقيمين حيث سجلت (139.7+ 8.49 Mg/dl, 24.18 + 4.30 Mg/dl, 0.31 + 0.10 Mg/dl) على التوالي وعند المقارنة مع التراكيز في مصل الدم و دم الرجال السليمين ( السيطرة ) كانت النتائج  على التوالي(125.14 + 10.12 Mg/dl, 15.24 + 2.69 Mg/dl, 0.16 + 0.03 Mg/dl)  كما أظهرت متوسطات عنصر الزنك (القصدير) انخفاضا معنويا عاليا عند مستوى احتمالية اقل من 0.01      (70.82+9.48Mg/dl) في مصل دم الرجال العقيمين مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة حيث كانت كما أظهرت تراكيز هرمون الشحمون الخصوي انخفاضا معنويا عاليا وتحت مستوى احتمالية اقل من 0.01  (185.40 + 61.92 Ng/dl)  (450.35+131.27 Ng/dl) بالمقارنة مع مجموعة الرجال السليمين كذلك كانت علاقة الارتباط لمستويات تراكيز عنصر النحاس وهرمون الشحمون الخصوي في مصل الدم عكسية عند الرجال العقيمين. الاستنتاجات: خلصت هذه الدراسة إلى أن بعض المعادن الثقيلة أظهرت أنها مؤشرات لعقم الرجال. ارتبط مستوى النحاس في المصل سلبًا بمستوى هرمون التستوستيرون في المصل لدى الرجال المصابين بالعقم، وهذه النتيجة يمكن أن تفترض أن النحاس الزائد يعمل كمضاد هرموني. لم تظهر المعادن الثقيلة المتبقية ارتباطًا كبيرًا بالهرمونات المحددة.Background:  Infertility is defined as a failure of achieve a pregnancy after one year and more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. The exposure of reproductive system to heavy metals has also been associated with male infertility. A large number of metals are toxicants to the reproductive system and are suspected to be endocrine system disruptors.   Patients and methods:  This study performed at the high institute of infertility diagnosis and assisted reproductive technologies in Al-Nahrain University and the Poisoning consultation center / specialized surgeries hospital in the Medical city in period from November 2018 to April 2019.  Number of 150 men were enrolled in this study divided into two groups, the patient and the normal control groups. The infertile group included 100 men aged 20-50 years who they have abnormal seminal fluid analysis parameters. The second group included 50 healthy fertile men who have at least two children without any previous history of systemic diseases as a control group. Heavy metals and testosterone concentrations were estimated for all the study groups. Aim of current study are evaluation of some heavy metals concentrations, in serum and whole blood of groups. Assessment of testosterone hormone in serum of infertile men and healthy controls and study the correlation between this hormone and trace elements which were estimated among cases. Results: The heavy metals Cu, Pb and Cd showed a highly significant increase (p<0.01) in the serum and blood of infertile men (159.77±8.49 µg/dl, 24.18±4.30µg/dl, 0.31±0.10 µg/dl) respectively when compared with their concentrations in healthy control men (125.14±10.12 µg/dl, 15.74±2.69 µg/dl, 0.16±0.03 µg/dl) respectively. The mean levels of Zn showed a highly significant decrease (p<0.01) in the serum of infertile men (70.82±9.48 µg/dl) compared to its mean level in the healthy control group (95.70±11.41 µg/dl). Serum testosterone hormone in infertile men (185.40±61.92 ng/ml) showed a highly significant decrease (p<0.01) as compared with those of healthy men (450.35±131.27 ng/ml). Serum copper level was negatively correlated with serum testosterone level among infertile men. Conclusions: this study concluded that some heavy metals were shown to be an indicators for men infertility. Serum copper level was negatively correlated with serum Testosterone level among infertile men .This result can hypothesize that excess copper acts as a hormonal disrupter. The remaining heavy metals did not show significant correlation with the selected hormones