Providing Integrity and Authenticity in DICOM Images: A Novel Approach

The increasing adoption of information systems in healthcare has led to a scenario where patient information security is more and more being regarded as a critical issue. Allowing patient information to be in jeopardy may lead to irreparable damage, physically, morally, and socially to the patient, potentially shaking the credibility of the healthcare institution. Medical images play a crucial role in such context, given their importance in diagnosis, treatment, and research. Therefore, it is vital to take measures in order to prevent tampering and determine their provenance. This demands adoption of security mechanisms to assure information integrity and authenticity. There are a number of works done in this field, based on two major approaches: use of metadata and use of watermarking. However, there still are limitations for both approaches that must be properly addressed. This paper presents a new method using cryptographic means to improve trustworthiness of medical images, providing a stronger link between the image and the information on its integrity and authenticity, without compromising image quality to the end user. Use of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine structures is also an advantage for ease of development and deployment

Impacto clínico do diagnóstico de sepse à admissão em UTI de um hospital privado em Salvador, Bahia

OBJETIVO: Descrever as características clínicas, os dados laboratoriais e o desfecho clínico de pacientes sépticos e não sépticos admitidos em UTI de um hospital privado na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, e identificar variáveis clínicas relacionadas ao pior prognóstico dos pacientes sépticos. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal que incluiu todos os pacientes admitidos na UTI geral do Hospital Português, Salvador (BA), entre junho de 2008 e março de 2009. Na admissão na UTI, dois grupos de pacientes foram identificados: sépticos e não sépticos. Foram coletados dados epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais, e o escore Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) foi calculado. RESULTADOS: Dos 144 pacientes do estudo, 29 (20,1%) eram sépticos. Entre os pacientes sépticos, 55,2% eram do sexo masculino, a média de idade foi de 73,1 ± 14,6 anos, e a média do escore do APACHE II foi de 23,8 ± 9,1. No grupo não séptico, 36,3% eram do sexo masculino, a média de idade foi de 68,7 ± 17,7 anos, e a média do escore do APACHE II foi de 18,4 ± 9,5. Houve associações estatisticamente significantes entre o diagnóstico de sepse e as seguintes variáveis: escore do APACHE II, mortalidade na UTI, mortalidade hospitalar, FC, pressão arterial média, valor de hematócrito, contagem de leucócitos e uso de antibioticoterapia. O uso de medidas de suporte e valores reduzidos de hematócrito se relacionaram com um pior prognóstico entre os pacientes sépticos. CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes diagnosticados com sepse apresentaram piores desfechos clínicos, provavelmente por causa de sua maior gravidade. O nível de hematócrito foi a única variável capaz de predizer o risco de morte entre pacientes sépticos

Ultrasound-based clinical profiles for predicting the risk of intradialytic hypotension in critically ill patients on intermittent dialysis: a prospective observational study

International audienceBACKGROUND : Intradialytic hypotension, a complication of intermittent hemodialysis, decreases the efficacy of dialysis and increases long-term mortality. This study was aimed to determine whether different predialysis ultrasound cardiopulmonary profiles could predict intradialytic hypotension.METHODS : This prospective observational single-center study was performed in 248 critically ill patients with acute kidney injury undergoing intermittent hemodialysis. Immediately before hemodialysis, vena cava collapsibility was measured by vena cava ultrasound and pulmonary congestion by lung ultrasound. Factors predicting intradialytic hypotension were identified by multiple logistic regression analysis.RESULTS : Intradialytic hypotension was observed in 31.9% (n = 79) of the patients, interruption of dialysis because of intradialytic hypotension occurred in 6.8% (n = 31) of the sessions, and overall 28-day mortality was 20.1% (n = 50). Patients were classified in four ultrasound profiles: (A) 108 with B lines > 14 and vena cava collapsibility > 11.5 mm m-2, (B) 38 with B lines < 14 and vena cava collapsibility ≤ 11.5 mm m-2, (C) 36 with B lines > 14 and vena cava collapsibility Di ≤ 11.5 mm m-2, and (D) 66 with B lines < 14 and vena cava collapsibility > 11.5 mm m-2. There was an increased risk of intradialytic hypotension in patients receiving norepinephrine (odds ratios = 15, p = 0.001) and with profiles B (odds ratios = 12, p = 0.001) and C (odds ratios = 17, p = 0.001).CONCLUSION : In critically ill patients on intermittent hemodialysis, the absence of hypervolemia as assessed by lung and vena cava ultrasound predisposes to intradialytic hypotension and suggests alternative techniques of hemodialysis to provide better hemodynamic stability

Tratamentos jurídicos: os mercados terapêuticos e a judicialização do direito à saúde

PortugueseEsse estudo mostra a luta de pais para que filhos portadores de mucopolissacaridose tenham acesso a medicamentos caros, em nome do direito universal à saúde. O trabalho explora como, no Brasil, o litígio pelo direito à saúde tornou-se um caminho alternativo de acesso à saúde e evidencia a disputa de diferentes atores dos setores público e privado no processo de judicialização da saúde. Entende-se, portanto, que a biotecnologia recria valores humanos e mundos locais à medida que abre novos espaços de problematização ética, desejo e pertencimento político. This study draws on the struggle of parents of children with mucopolysacchar idosis to access expensive drugs in the name of universal right to health. The work explores how, in Brazil, right-to-health litigation became an alternative pathway to access health care and shows that several public and private stakeholders dispute the judicialization of health. Biotechnology is, therefore, understood to remake human and social worlds as it opens up new spaces of ethical problematization, desire, and political belonging