Suprachoroidal drainage of aqueous humour with a novel implant: Suprajet

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new implant, Suprajet(VSY Biotechnology, Istanbul, Turkey), which is developed for supraciliary and suprachoroidal drainage of aqueous humour.METHODS: Five rabbits were included in the study. One Suprajet shunt was implanted in one eye of each rabbit. Implantation was performed by a superior clear corneal incision through the anterior chamber into the suprachoroidal space. Proximal end of the implant was placed in the iris root resting against the scleral spur, distal end was placed in the suprachoroidal space. Rabbits were followed for 4wk. Preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure(IOP)levels were measured with Tonopen AVIA. At last follow-up visit animals were sacrificed and eyes were enucleated. Macroscopic and histopathologic evaluation of the eyes were made. RESULTS: Mean preoperative IOP was 18.6±6.1 mmHg. Mean postoperative IOP was 8.4±1.1 mmHg, at one week. At the 2nd week of the follow-up period one rabbit died. Thereafter, only 4 rabbits were followed. Mean postoperative IOP was 11.0±2.8 mmHg at the 2nd week, 9.50±3.1 mmHg at the 3rd week and 11.3 ±3.3 mmHg at 4th week after the operation. When mean preoperative IOP was compared with the postoperative IOP values, only the IOP at the first week was found as significantly lower(P=0.042). There was no statistically significant difference between mean preoperative IOP level and mean IOP level at 2, 3 and 4wk postoperatively(P=0.66, P=0.66 and P=0.102, respectively). As an intraoperative complication, minimal hyphema was noted in three eyes during the surgery. However, the next day hyphema cleared completely. Macroscopic evaluation of the enucleated material showed that in one eye the distal end of the implant was in the vitreous instead of suprachoroidal space, in the other 3 eyes the distal end of the implant was noted in the suprachoroidal space. In all eyes, proximal end of the implant was localized in the anterior chamber angle. Histopathologic evaluation of the enucleated eyes showed deposition of irregular collagen bundles and fibroplasia including numerous fibroblastic and histiocytic cells around the implant.CONCLUSION: This preliminary animal study showed that implantation of Suprajet in glaucoma is a promising procedure. Further studies are needed to evaluate its efficacy and safety profile

The Effects of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning and N-Acetylcysteine with Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Rat Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Model

Background. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) and pharmacological preconditioning are the effective methods that can be used to prevent ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of RIP and N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) with RIP in the rat hepatic IR injury model. Materials and Methods. 28 rats were divided into 4 groups. Group I (sham): only laparotomy was performed. Group II (IR): following 30 minutes of hepatic pedicle occlusion, 4 hours of reperfusion was performed. Group III (RIP + IR): following 3 cycles of RIP, hepatic IR was performed. Group IV (RIP + NAC + IR): following RIP and intraperitoneal administration of NAC (150 mg/kg), hepatic IR was performed. All the rats were sacrificed after blood samples were taken for the measurements of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and liver was processed for conventional histopathology. Results. The hepatic histopathological injury scores of RIP + IR and RIP + NAC + IR groups were significantly lower than IR group (P = 0.006, P = 0.003, resp.). There were no significant differences in AST and ALT values between the IR, RIP + IR, and RIP + NAC + IR groups. Conclusions. In the present study, it was demonstrated histopathologically that RIP and RIP + NAC decreased hepatic IR injury significantly

The bibliometric analysis of most cited 100 papers in anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity

Anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity is a major concern for anesthetists for more than 20 years. Many experimental and clinical studies have been conducted on this topic since late 1990s. However, bibliometric analysis of these papers has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to analyze the 100 most cited articles on anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity. It was planned as cross-sectional study. On January 30, 2023, we searched the "Web of Science (WOS)" database for anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity and most cited 100 papers about this topic were obtained. Data such as authors' names, year of publication, name of the journal, type of paper, and citation numbers were analyzed. The most cited 100 papers were read by the investigators, and the anesthetic, animal type in experimental studies, any protective agent and the method for detecting neurotoxicity used in the studies were also noted. There were 75 articles and 22 reviews in the 100 most cited articles. We found that most of the papers in most cited 100 list were published between 2010 to 1024. Most of the papers (11%) were from Harvard University and almost half of the papers (49%) were published in Anesthesiology. A great number of studies were performed in newborns or early childhood (85.5%) and inhalational anesthetics (54.7%) were the most studied anesthetic type. Most of the most cited 100 papers were published in Q1 journals (P = .012) and the continent of the most journals in this list was America (P = .014). The median total and annual citation numbers of funded papers were statistically significantly higher (P < .001 and P < .001 respectively). Anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity is very important, especially for pediatric anesthetists. This study is the first to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the most cited 100 publications on this field. Although there was a gap in the publications about this topic during COVID-19 pandemic, we believe that there will be many more publications on anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity since the mechanism, outcome and possible protection are still unknown

Respiratory mechanics with volume-controlled auto-flow ventilation mode in cardiac surgery

WOS: 000454913300008PubMed ID: 30692887Aim: We aimed to investigate the changes in respiratory mechanics in adult patients undergoing open heart surgery (OHS) while using volume-controlled auto-flow (VCAF) ventilation mode. Materials and Methods: After obtaining ethics committee's approval and informed consent, 30 patients (17 males and 13 females; mean age: 57.3 +/- 17.0 years; mean weight; 74.9 +/- 13.6 kg) scheduled for OHS were enrolled. Mechanical ventilation was carried out using VCAF mode (V-T: 5-8 mL./kg, I/E: 1/2, 10 +/- 2 fr/min). Values of dynamic compliance (C-dyn) and resistance (R) were obtained at six time points (TPs). Normally distributed variables were analyzed with repeated measure of analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests. For abnormally distributed variables, Friedman variance analysis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used. Values were expressed as mean +/- standard deviation. P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: C-dyn (mL/mbar) and R (mbar/L/s) values were as follows - (1) before sternotomy (S): 49.9 +/- 17.1 and 7.8 +/- 3.6: rvn (2) after S: 56.7 +/- 18.3 and 7.1 +/- 3.7; (3) after S and after sternal retractor placement: 48.7 +/- 16.1 and 8.3 +/- 4.4; (4) after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass and following decannulation while retractor was in place: 49.6 +/- 16.5 and 8.1 +/- 4.0; (5) after retractor removal: 56.5 +/- 19.6 and 7.4 +/- 3.7; and (6) after sternal closure: 43.1 +/- 14.2 and 9.6 t 9.1, respectively. Significant differences were observed in C-dyn and R between; first and second TPs, second and third TPs, fourth and fifth TPs, and fifth and sixth TPs. Also, significant difference in C-dyn was found between first and sixth TPs, but it was not found in R. Conclusion: C-dyn decreases, but R remains the same in cardiac surgical patients when mechanical ventilation is performed dm with VCAF ventilation mode. Additionally, C-dyn is negatively affected by the presence of sternal retractor and the sternal closure in OHS

[The effects of intra-cerebroventricular administered rocuronium on the central nervous system of rats and determination of its epileptic seizure-inducing dose].

ResumoJustificativaO objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos do brometo de rocurônio administrado intracerebroventricularmente sobre o sistema nervoso central, determinar a dose do limiar convulsivo de rocurônio em ratos e investigar os efeitos de rocurônio no sistema nervoso central em diluições de 1/5, 1/10 e 1/100da dose do limiar convulsivo determinada.MétodosUma cânula permanente foi colocada no ventrículo lateral do cérebro dos animais. O estudo foi projetado em duas fases. Na primeira, a dose do limiar convulsivo do brometo de rocurônio foi determinada. Na segunda, o Grupo R 1/5 (n=6), o Grupo 1/10 (n=6) e Grupo 1/100 (n=6) foram formados com doses de 1/5, 1/10 e 1/100, respectivamente, da dose do limiar convulsivo de brometo de rocurônio obtida.ResultadosDescobrimos que o valor do limiar convulsivo de brometo de rocurônio é 0,056±0,009μmoL. O limiar convulsivo, como uma função do peso corporal dos ratos, foi calculado como 0,286μmoL/kg−1. Uma dose de 1/5da dose do limiar convulsivo causou principalmente abertura postural dos membros e tremores em todo o corpo, enquanto uma dose de 1/10da dose do limiar convulsivo causou agitação e tremores. Uma dose de 1/100da dose do limiar convulsivo foi associada à diminuição da atividade locomotora.ConclusõesEste estudo mostrou que o brometo de rocurônio tem efeitos deletérios relacionados com a dose sobre o sistema nervoso central e pode produzir efeitos excitatórios dependentes da dose e convulsões.AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intracerebroventricularly administered rocuronium bromide on the central nervous system, determine the seizure threshold dose of rocuronium bromide in rats, and investigate the effects of rocuronium on the central nervous system at 1/5, 1/10, and 1/100 dilutions of the determined seizure threshold dose.MethodsA permanent cannula was placed in the lateral cerebral ventricle of the animals. The study was designed in two phases. In the first phase, the seizure threshold dose of rocuronium bromide was determined. In the second phase, Group R 1/5 (n=6), Group 1/10 (n=6), and Group 1/100 (n=6) were formed using doses of 1/5, 1/10, and 1/100, respectively, of the obtained rocuronium bromide seizure threshold dose.ResultsThe rocuronium bromide seizure threshold value was found to be 0.056±0.009μmoL. The seizure threshold, as a function of the body weight of rats, was calculated as 0.286μmoL/kg−1. A dose of 1/5 of the seizure threshold dose primarily caused splayed limbs, posturing, and tremors of the entire body, whereas the dose of 1/10 of the seizure threshold dose caused agitation and shivering. A dose of 1/100 of the seizure threshold dose was associated with decreased locomotor activity.ConclusionsThis study showed that rocuronium bromide has dose‐related deleterious effects on the central nervous system and can produce dose‐dependent excitatory effects and seizures

The effects of intra-cerebroventricular administered rocuronium on the central nervous system of rats and determination of its epileptic seizure-inducing dose

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intracerebroventricularly administered rocuronium bromide on the central nervous system, determine the seizure threshold dose of rocuronium bromide in rats, and investigate the effects of rocuronium on the central nervous system at 1/5, 1/10, and 1/100 dilutions of the determined seizure threshold dose. Methods: A permanent cannula was placed in the lateral cerebral ventricle of the animals. The study was designed in two phases. In the first phase, the seizure threshold dose of rocuronium bromide was determined. In the second phase, Group R 1/5 (n = 6), Group 1/10 (n = 6), and Group 1/100 (n = 6) were formed using doses of 1/5, 1/10, and 1/100, respectively, of the obtained rocuronium bromide seizure threshold dose. Results: The rocuronium bromide seizure threshold value was found to be 0.056 ± 0.009 µmoL. The seizure threshold, as a function of the body weight of rats, was calculated as 0.286 µmoL/kg-1. A dose of 1/5 of the seizure threshold dose primarily caused splayed limbs, posturing, and tremors of the entire body, whereas the dose of 1/10 of the seizure threshold dose caused agitation and shivering. A dose of 1/100 of the seizure threshold dose was associated with decreased locomotor activity. Conclusions: This study showed that rocuronium bromide has dose-related deleterious effects on the central nervous system and can produce dose-dependent excitatory effects and seizures

The effects of intra-cerebroventricular administered rocuronium on the central nervous system of rats and determination of its epileptic seizure-inducing dose

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intracerebroventricularly administered rocuronium bromide on the central nervous system, determine the seizure threshold dose of rocuronium bromide in rats, and investigate the effects of rocuronium on the central nervous system at 1/5, 1/10, and 1/100 dilutions of the determined seizure threshold dose. Methods: A permanent cannula was placed in the lateral cerebral ventricle of the animals. The study was designed in two phases. In the first phase, the seizure threshold dose of rocuronium bromide was determined. In the second phase, Group R 1/5 (n = 6), Group 1/10 (n = 6), and Group 1/100 (n = 6) were formed using doses of 1/5, 1/10, and 1/100, respectively, of the obtained rocuronium bromide seizure threshold dose. Results: The rocuronium bromide seizure threshold value was found to be 0.056 ± 0.009 µmoL. The seizure threshold, as a function of the body weight of rats, was calculated as 0.286 µmoL/kg-1. A dose of 1/5 of the seizure threshold dose primarily caused splayed limbs, posturing, and tremors of the entire body, whereas the dose of 1/10 of the seizure threshold dose caused agitation and shivering. A dose of 1/100 of the seizure threshold dose was associated with decreased locomotor activity. Conclusions: This study showed that rocuronium bromide has dose-related deleterious effects on the central nervous system and can produce dose-dependent excitatory effects and seizures

Erythropoietin diminishes isoflurane-induced apoptosis in rat frontal cortex

WOS: 000372276100018PubMed ID: 26921217Background During the brain growth spurt, anesthetic drugs can cause cellular and behavioral changes in the developing brain. The aim of this study was to determine the neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin after isoflurane anesthesia in rat pups. Methods A total of 42, 7-day-old Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Control group (GC; n = 14): Rats breathed 100% oxygen for 6 h; Isoflurane group (GI; n = 14): Rats were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane in 100% oxygen for 6 h; Isoflurane + erythropoietin group (GIE; n = 14): 1000 IUkg(-1) (intraperitoneal; IP) Erythropoietin was administered after isoflurane anesthesia. Each group was divided into two groups for pathology and learning and memory tests. Silver, caspase-3, and fluoro-jade C staining were used for detecting apoptotic cells in frontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, thalamus, and amygdala. Morris water maze was used to evaluate learning and memory. Results There was a significant increase in apoptotic cell count after isoflurane anesthesia in the frontal cortex when compared with control group (29.0 9.27 vs 3.28 +/- 0.75 [P = 0.002], 20.85 +/- 10.94 vs 2.0 +/- 0.81 [P = 0.002] and 24.57 +/- 10.4 vs 5.14 +/- 0.69 [P = 0.024] with silver, caspase-3, and fluoro-jade C staining, respectively). The apoptotic cell count in the frontal cortex was significantly higher in GIE than GC with caspase-3 staining (9.14 +/- 3.13 vs 2.0 +/- 0.81, P = 0.002). The apoptotic cell count in GIE was significantly reduced in the frontal cortex when compared with GI (4.0 +/- 0.81 vs 29.0 +/- 9.27 [P = 0.002], 9.14 +/- 3.13 vs 20.85 +/- 10.94 [P = 0.04] and 4.0 +/- 1.63 vs 24.57 +/- 10.4 [P = 0.012] with silver, caspase-3, and fluoro-jade C staining, respectively). Conclusions A total of 1000 IUkg(-1) IP erythropoietin diminished isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis. Further experimental studies have to be planned to reveal the optimal dose and timing of erythropoietin before adaptation to clinical practice