Życie w pojedynkę : psychospołeczne konsekwencje bycia singlem u kobiet i mężczyzn

The aim of this PhD Thesis was the analysis of psychosocial consequences of being single in men and women. The notion single was understood as a social category that encompasses certain criteria: never-married, childless, over 30 years old, heterosexual, currently not involved in a serious relationship. The study was conducted by paper-and-pencil method and on-line within 196 singles (F = 123, M = 73) who met given criteria. The data collection included 11 quantitative measurements. Unlike the social image of single people, research revealed the singles as a group with prosocial profile and well psychologically functioning. The psychosocial consequences of being single turned out to be more positive for women than men. Single women manifested higher satisfaction with life and with being single, more positive sexuality dimensions, felt less lonely, expressed higher general self-esteem and self-esteem in physical attractiveness and popularity than single men. Psychological masculinity played a vital and positive role in psychosocial functioning of single women, while psychological androgyny – in single men. The conducted study enabled a theoretical model of psychosocial consequences of being single to be built. Loneliness and satisfaction with being single were shaped by self-esteem and gender (psychological masculinity and femininity) through satisfaction with life, initiating contact competence and romantic beliefs as mediators. Despite social expectations and biological determinates, it was the single women who adapted to singlehood more successfully, whilst men manifested psychological dimensions characteristic rather for younger age group. The results encourage to further exploration of the single people’s psychological functioning, not only from the perspective of lack and incompleteness but rather as a distinctive scientific issue

Administracja, zarządzanie i handel zagraniczny w warunkach integracji. Materiały konferencyjne - zarządzanie

Ze wstępu: "Partnerstwo jest rodzajem związku między władzami lokalnymi a innymi organizacjami; strony zachowują wolność działania, ale zgadzają się współpracować dla osiągnięcia wspólnych celów. Istnieje szeroka gama efektywnego wykorzystania partnerstwa przy rozwiązywaniu zagadnień zrównoważonego rozwoju, takich jak odnowa wewnętrzna obszarów miast, przekształcanie i rewitalizacja śródmieść, ochrona terenów turystycznych, dynamizacja mieszkalnictwa itp."(...

A Comparison of Depression and Anxiety among University Students in Nine Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The mental health of young adults, particularly students, is at high risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this studywas to examine differences inmental health between university students in nine countries during the pandemic. The study encompassed 2349 university students (69% female) from Colombia, the Czech Republic (Czechia), Germany, Israel, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Participants underwent the following tests: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Exposure to COVID-19 (EC-19), Perceived Impact of Coronavirus (PIC) on students’ well-being, PhysicalActivity (PA), andGeneral Self-ReportedHealth (GSRH). The one-wayANOVAshowed significant differences between countries. The highest depression and anxiety risk occurred in Turkey, the lowest depression in the Czech Republic and the lowest anxiety in Germany. The 2 independence test showed that EC-19, PIC, and GSRHwere associatedwith anxiety and depression inmost of the countries, whereas PA was associated in less than half of the countries. Logistic regression showed distinct risk factors for each country. Gender and EC-19 were the most frequent predictors of depression and anxiety across the countries. The role of gender and PA for depression and anxiety is not universal and depends on cross-cultural differences. Students’mental health should be addressed froma cross-cultural perspective

Exposure to COVID-19 during the First and the Second Wave of the Pandemic and Coronavirus-Related PTSD Risk among University Students from Six Countries—A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study

This study aimed to reveal differences in exposure to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the first (W1) and the second (W2) waves of the pandemic in six countries among university students and to show the prevalence and associations between exposure to COVID-19 and coronavirus-related post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) risk during W2. The repeated cross-sectional study was conducted among university students from Germany, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Turkey, and Ukraine (W1: n = 1684; W2: n = 1741). Eight items measured exposure to COVID-19 (regarding COVID-19 symptoms, testing, hospitalizing quarantine, infected relatives, death of relatives, job loss, and worsening economic status due to the COVID-19 pandemic). Coronavirus-related PTSD risk was evaluated by PCL-S. The exposure to COVID-19 symptoms was higher during W2 than W1 among students from all countries, except Germany, where, in contrast, the increase in testing was the strongest. Students from Poland, Turkey, and the total sample were more frequently hospitalized for COVID-19 in W2. In these countries, and Ukraine, students were more often in quarantine. In all countries, participants were more exposed to infected friends/relatives and the loss of a family member due to COVID-19 in W2 than W1. The increase in job loss due to COVID-19 was only noted in Ukraine. Economic status during W2 only worsened in Poland and improved in Russia. This was due to the significant wave of restrictions in Russia and more stringent restrictions in Poland. The prevalence of coronavirus-related PTSD risk at three cutoff scores (25, 44, and 50) was 78.20%, 32.70%, and 23.10%, respectively. The prediction models for different severity of PTSD risk differed. Female gender, a prior diagnosis of depression, a loss of friends/relatives, job loss, and worsening economic status due to the COVID-19 were positively associated with high and very high coronavirus-related PTSD risk, while female gender, a prior PTSD diagnosis, experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, testing for COVID-19, having infected friends/relatives and worsening economic status were associated with moderate risk

Znaczenie i problemy definicyjne pojęcia „singiel” w naukach społecznych / The Conceptual and Definition Problems of the ‘Single’ Notion in the Social Science

Artykuł porusza zagadnienie naukowego podejścia do terminu singiel. W celu pełnej charakterystyki pojęcia singiel, zaprezentowano kryteria definicyjne stosowane w polskiej i światowej literaturze. Kontrowersje związane z naukowymi podstawami stosowania tego pojęcia w naukach społecznych, wynikają z heterogeniczności grupy osób żyjących w pojedynkę. Kluczowymi obszarami poddanymi krytyce są typ i charakter relacji oraz forma zamieszkani

Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation and Personality Individual Factors of Leadership Vocational Interests in Women and Men

Celem badań była weryfikacja czynników indywidualnych (osobowość i postawa przedsiębiorcza) jako predyktorów przywódczych preferencji zawodowych w odniesieniu do różnic płciowych i wieku. Seria trzech badań została oparta na Kontekstualnym Modelu Preferencji Zawodowych (Ochnik, 2017). W badaniu 1. mierzono przywódcze preferencje zawodowe inwentarzem Potencjał Zawodowy wśród 9359 uczestników (M = 3995, K = 5 364) w wieku od 20 do 54 lat (Mwiek = 29). Badanie 2. dotyczyło wymiarów osobowości (NEO-FFI Costa & McCrea, 1992) jako predyktorów preferencji przywódczych wśród 190 uczestników (M = 72, K = 118). W badaniu 3. analizowano postawę przedsiębiorczą (EAO, Robinson, Stimpson, Huefner i Hunt, 1991) w relacji do przywódczych preferencji zawodowych wśród 98 uczestników (M = 35, K = 63). Dwuczynnikowa ANOVA wykazała istotny efekt płci. Mężczyźni uzyskiwali wyższe nasilenie przywódczych preferencji zawodowych. Jedynie w grupie mężczyzn wiek różnicował zmienną – im byli starsi, tym wyższe nasilenie przywódczych preferencji osiągali. Analiza regresji w badaniu 2. ukazała sumienność, niską neurotyczność i ekstrawersję jako predyktory typu przywódczego preferencji zawodowych, które wyjaśniły zmienną w 31%, a w badaniu 3. istotnymi predyktorami były postawa przedsiębiorcza i płeć wyjaśniające zmienną w 13%. Wyniki badań zostały przeanalizowane w ramach Kontekstualnego Modelu Preferencji Zawodowych (Ochnik, 2017) i koncepcji społecznego zegara zawodowego.The aim of this study is to reveal individual factors (personality and entrepreneurial attitude orientation) of leadership vocational interests with regards to age and gender. The research is based on Contextual Model of Vocational Interests and consists of 3 studies. In Study 1, leadership vocational interests were measured by Vocational Potential Inventory across age and gender within 9359 participants (M = 3995, F = 5 364) in the age ranging from 20 to 54 (Mage = 29). Study 2 shows personality dimensions (NEO-FFI Costa & McCrea, 1992) as predictors of leadership vocational interests within 190 participants (M = 72, F = 118). Study 3 refers to relations between entrepreneurial attitude orientation (EAO, Robinson, Stimpson, Huefner i Hunt, 1991) and leadership vocational interests among 98 participants (M = 35, F = 63). Two-way Anova (gender x age) in Study 1 showed significant effect for gender, with men scoring higher in leadership vocational interests. The effect of age was significant in men only, the older they were the higher leadership vocational interests they presented. Regression analyses in Study 2 showed high conscientiousness, low neuroticism and high extraversion as predictors explaining leadership vocational interests in 31%. Regression analyses in Study 3 revealed that high entrepreneurial attitude orientation and being a man are predictors explaining leadership vocational interests in 13%. The results are discussed within Contextual Model of Vocational Interests and the concept of vocational social clock

Gender differences and areas of Internet behavior in seven years’ perspective

The objective of the study was the comparative analysis of areas of Internet behavior (use of Internet, relations and Internet Addiction) with regards to gender in seven years’ perspective. The study was conducted in two stages (2005 and 2012) among Polish students (N = 452). Results showed significant gender differences in the use of Internet. The use of Internet is no longer predictor of Internet Addiction in both men and women. The higher number of contacts limited to Internet was a predictor of Internet Addiction in both men and women, but lower self-esteem in women only. Men were more prone to Internet Addiction in comparison with women and this tendency is on the rise

Exploring Perceived Stress among Students in Turkey during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Students have been highly vulnerable to mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic, and researchers have shown that perceived stress and mental health problems have increased during the pandemic. The aim of this study was to reveal the prevalence of perceived stress and mental health among students during the pandemic and to explore predictors of stress levels. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 358 undergraduates from 14 universities in Turkey, including 200 female students (56%). The measurements used in the study were the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Perception of COVID Impact on Student Well-Being (CI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Physical Activity Scale (PA), and a sociodemographic survey. Students reported high perceived stress, mild generalized anxiety, and low satisfaction with life. More than half of the students met the diagnostic criteria of GAD (52%) and depression (63%). Female and physically inactive students had higher PSS-10 levels. A hierarchical linear regression model showed that after controlling for gender and negative CI, anxiety and physical inactivity significantly predicted high perceived stress. The study shows that students’ mental health during the pandemic is at high risk

Wybrane czynniki dobrostanu psychicznego kobiet po 50. roku życia

In this article the well-being is a sum of partial subjective satisfactions: satisfaction with life, satisfaction with sexual life, and mental health. Social activity and physical activity are playing important role in well-being in elderly. The aim of this article is to understand how those spheres of human activity are shaping subjective well-being in women after 50 and to reveal the mediating role of self-esteem. The study revealed self-esteem as an important predictor of well-being in elderly women, as well as a predictor of social activity. Those results are discussed in sociometric theory. The social activity is shaping the well-being through the self-esteem as a mediator. The physical activity is a direct predictor of social activity and mental health. The satisfaction with sexual life allows to predict the satisfaction with life, whereas mental health doesn’t. This effect can be explain by relatively good mental health that becomes ‘invisible good’

Development and Validation of the Test of Orthorexia Nervosa (TON-17)

This study aims to develop and validate a new self-report questionnaire to measure orthorexia nervosa (ON). Based on a current review of the scientific literature and interviews with people at risk of orthorexia, 40 items were selected to test orthorexia nervosa (TON-40). A total sample of 767 individuals (M = 26.49, SD = 9.66, 56.98% women) participated in the study. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and composite construct analysis (CCA) were performed to find an appropriate model of sufficient reliability and validity and stable construction. Convergent validation was performed regarding the correlation of the TON-17 with another measure of ON (ORTO-15), eating disorders (the EAT-26 and DEAS), healthy behavior (the HBI), quality of life (the Brief WHOQOL), physical health (the GRSH), anxiety (the GAD-7), depression (the PHQ-9), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (the OCI-R). Gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), and the medical reasons for a restrictive diet were also examined. As a result of the structural analyses, the number of items was reduced from 40 to 17. The best fit indices of the TON-17 were found for the hierarchical bi-factor model, with three lower-order factors (Control of food quality, Fixation of health and healthy diet, and Disorder symptoms) and one general higher-order factor (Orthorexia). According to the 95th percentile method of estimation, the prevalence of ON was 5.5% for the TON-17 total score. The TON-17 scale and subscales showed good psychometric properties, stability, reliability, and construct validity. The TON-17 indicated a positive relationship with the ORTO-15, EAT-26, DEAS, HBI, OCI-R, GAD-7, and PHQ-9. TON-17 can be considered as a useful tool for assessing the risk of ON