The Annealing Effects of ZnO Thin Films on Characteristic Parameters of Au/ZnO Schottky Contacts on n-Si

200 nm ZnO thin films have been grown on n type Silicon substrates by DC sputtering technique. One of the thin films has been annealed at 300 ºC for 45 minutes. The Au front contacts on ZnO thin films have been formed by evaporation of Au metal by means of shadow mask. It has been seen that the rectification ratio of Au/ZnO device obtained using annealed ZnO thin film is higher than the one obtained using unannealed ZnO thin film. The characteristic parameters of Au/ZnO junctions such as ideality factor, barrier height and series resistance obtained by current-voltage (I-V) measurements of the structures at room temperature and in dark have been compared with each others. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2490

AC Impedance Analysis of the Al/ZnO/p-Si/Al Schottky Diode: C-V Plots and Extraction of Parameters

In this research, we report on the measurement of the capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics Al / ZnO / p-Si / Al Schottky diode at room temperature and in dark condition fabricated by spray pyrolysis process. C-V characteristics, within the range of frequencies 5 kHz-5 MHz, are investigated and microelectronic parameters are extracted. Donor density and diffusion potential vary with frequency from 15 to 28 1014 cm – 3, 0.21 to 0.45 V. Besides, the interface state density of Al /ZnO /pSi/Al Schottky is determined and found to be 1012 (eV cm²) – 1. Calculated at 1 MHz, the interfacial layer thickness and depletion layer width are of 760 Å and 0.28 m

The Obstetrics Gynecology and Children’s Hospital Emergency Room waiting time before hospitalization

Background: One of the most substantial factors affecting patient satisfaction in the Obstetrics–Gynecology and Children’s Hospital is the wait time in the emergency room.Objective: We retrospectively studied the waiting periods of patients visiting the emergency room patients in Bolu Izzet Baysal Obstetrics-Gynecology and Children’s hospital.Method: Using an automated documentation system for each patient that recorded the season in which the patients consulted the emergency room, the month, day, time, examination time, hospitalization decision time, the hospitalization clinic following the decision to hospitalize, and the time to hospitalization, we retrospectively studied the waiting periods of emergency room patients in Bolu Ýzzet Baysal Obstetrics–Gynecology and Children’s Hospital.Results: A total of 15,004 patients who consulted the hospital emergency room between November 24, 2009, and August 25, 2011, and who were hospitalized in a clinic were included in this study. The highest frequency of emergency room patient visits occurred during the summer season (28.1%), in the month of July (10.2%), on Mondays (16.1%), and between 8 and 11 AM (22.1%; p < 0.05). The emergency room wait time of patients consulting the pediatric clinic was (55 ± 67 min), which was significantly shorter than the wait time of patients consulting other clinics (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The majority of patients who were hospitalized in any clinic through the emergency room consulted the hospital during the daytime hours. The time to hospitalization for the admitted patients was within an acceptable time frame. We believe that conducting comprehensive research to determine whether it is possible to reduce wait times even further to increase patient satisfaction will be instructive.Keywords: Emergency Room, acceptance-waiting time, emergency-waiting time, hospitalization-waiting timeAfrican Health Sciences 2013; 13(4): 1162 - 116

The impact of the duration of admission to the emergency room on the mortality of intensive care patients

Objective: There are many factors affecting the mortality of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Among these are the patientsf age, diagnosis, and concomitant pathology. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate whether there is an adverse effect of the time between admission to the Emergency Room (ER) and admission to theICU on the mortality of these patients.Materials and Methods: The medical records of the patients who were  admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) of the Bolu Izzet Baysal State Hospital and subsequently were admitted to the ICU between December 2009 and August 2011 were analyzed in terms of the time of admission, the season of admission, and the waiting and the stand.by times in the ER.Results: A total of 2380 patients, who were admitted to the ED of the Bolu -zzet Baysal State Hospital and subsequently to the ICU, were included in the study. The median waiting time in the ER was 1.23 h (10 min to 10.02 h). After completion of the admission procedures, the median  hospitalization time in the ER was 0.16 h (3 min to 2.58 h). There was nostatistically significant difference between the patients who died after  admission to the ICU and the ones who survived, in terms of the waiting and the stand.by times in the ER (P > 0.05).Conclusion: The waiting times at the ED did not affect the mortality of the ICU patients.Key words: Intensive care, mortality, stand.by tim

The impact of the duration of admission to the emergency room on the mortality of intensive care patients

Objective: There are many factors affecting the mortality of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Among these are the patientsf age, diagnosis, and concomitant pathology. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate whether there is an adverse effect of the time between admission to the Emergency Room (ER) and admission to theICU on the mortality of these patients.Materials and Methods: The medical records of the patients who were admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) of the Bolu Izzet Baysal State Hospital and subsequently were admitted to the ICU between December 2009 and August 2011 were analyzed in terms of the time of admission, the season of admission, and the waiting and the stand.by times in the ER.Results: A total of 2380 patients, who were admitted to the ED of the Bolu -zzet Baysal State Hospital and subsequently to the ICU, were included in the study. The median waiting time in the ER was 1.23 h (10 min to 10.02 h). After completion of the admission procedures, the median  hospitalization time in the ER was 0.16 h (3 min to 2.58 h). There was nostatistically significant difference between the patients who died after admission to the ICU and the ones who survived, in terms of the waiting and the stand.by times in the ER (P > 0.05).Conclusion: The waiting times at the ED did not affect the mortality of the ICU patients.Key words: Intensive care, mortality, stand.by tim

Ta/Si Schottky diodes fabricated by magnetron sputtering technique

Electrical properties of Ta/n-Si and Ta/p-Si Schottky barrier diodes obtained by sputtering of tantalum (Ta) metal on semiconductors have been investigated. The characteristic parameters of these contacts like barrier height, ideality factor and series resistance have been calculated using current voltage (I-V) measurements. It has seen that the diodes have ideality factors more than unity and the sum of their barrier heights is 1.21 eV which is higher than the band gap of the silicon (1.12 eV). The results have been attributed the effects of inhomogeneities at the interface of the devices and native oxide layer. In addition, the barrier height values determined using capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements have been compared the ones obtained from I-V measurements. It has seen that the interface states have strong effects on electrical properties of the diodes such as C-V and Rs-V measurements. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Editorial of Special Issue of National Identities: Alevism as an ethno-religious identity: Contested boundaries

No abstract for editorial but this is the opening paragraph: This special issue on Alevism and trans/national Alevi identity critically engages with the relationship between religion, ethnicity and national identity. The core issues are as follows: • how ethnicity and religion are conceptualised for a relatively invisible ethnic group in different national contexts; • how religion and ethnicity intersect when Alevism is both a faith and an ethnic identity, especially when conceptions of that identity are contested; • how identity is shaped through state policies within different national policy contexts and how etic definitions of minority communities are constructed by the state or other agencies with the power to impose them on the community in contrast to the emic or self-definitions of Aleviness from within the Alevi community; • how despite the fragmented, heterogeneous nature of Alevi communities, there is also a sense of a single, transnational imaginary community, at least for the purposes of political assimilation/integration and activism; • how education and other arenas of political, religious and cultural engagement at local, national and transnational levels create the possibilities, both positively and negatively, for future action/policy to situate minority ethnic communities

AC Impedance Analysis of the Al/ZnO/p-Si/Al Schottky Diode: C-V Plots and Extraction of Parameters

In this research, we report on the measurement of the capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics Al / ZnO / p-Si / Al Schottky diode at room temperature and in dark condition fabricated by spray pyrolysis process. C-V characteristics, within the range of frequencies 5 kHz-5 MHz, are investigated and microelectronic parameters are extracted. Donor density and diffusion potential vary with frequency from 15 to 28 1014 cm – 3, 0.21 to 0.45 V. Besides, the interface state density of Al /ZnO /pSi/Al Schottky is determined and found to be 1012 (eV cm²) – 1. Calculated at 1 MHz, the interfacial layer thickness and depletion layer width are of 760 Å and 0.28 m

The HLA class II allele DRB1*1501 is over-represented in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and medically refractory lung disease with a grim prognosis. Although the etiology of IPF remains perplexing, abnormal adaptive immune responses are evident in many afflicted patients. We hypothesized that perturbations of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele frequencies, which are often seen among patients with immunologic diseases, may also be present in IPF patients. Methods/Principal Findings: HLA alleles were determined in subpopulations of IPF and normal subjects using molecular typing methods. HLA-DRB1*15 was over-represented in a discovery cohort of 79 Caucasian IPF subjects who had lung transplantations at the University of Pittsburgh (36.7%) compared to normal reference populations. These findings were prospectively replicated in a validation cohort of 196 additional IPF subjects from four other U.S. medical centers that included both ambulatory patients and lung transplantation recipients. High-resolution typing was used to further define specific HLA-DRB1*15 alleles. DRB1*1501 prevalence in IPF subjects was similar among the 143 ambulatory patients and 132 transplant recipients (31.5% and 34.8%, respectively, p = 0.55). The aggregate prevalence of DRB1*1501 in IPF patients was significantly greater than among 285 healthy controls (33.1% vs. 20.0%, respectively, OR 2.0; 95%CI 1.3-2.9, p = 0.0004). IPF patients with DRB1*1501 (n = 91) tended to have decreased diffusing capacities for carbon monoxide (DLCO) compared to the 184 disease subjects who lacked this allele (37.8±1.7% vs. 42.8±1.4%, p = 0.036). Conclusions/Significance: DRB1*1501 is more prevalent among IPF patients than normal subjects, and may be associated with greater impairment of gas exchange. These data are novel evidence that immunogenetic processes can play a role in the susceptibility to and/or manifestations of IPF. Findings here of a disease association at the HLA-DR locus have broad pathogenic implications, illustrate a specific chromosomal area for incremental, targeted genomic study, and may identify a distinct clinical phenotype among patients with this enigmatic, morbid lung disease