101 research outputs found
On the mechanics of caldera resurgence of Ischia Island (southern Italy)
A model of caldera resurgence was applied to the Island of Ischia to explain uplift,
volcanic activity and tectonics on Mount Epomeo, as well as historical seismicity and slow
ground movements recorded for the past 2000 years. A two-dimensional mechanical model
was utilized for the crust, which was considered to be an elastic plate overlying a laccolith.
Geometric dimensions and mechanical parameters were constrained using geological,
geophysical and geochemical data.
We propose that a laccolith, with a diameter L of c. 10 km, and a depth of up to 1 km in the
centre of the island, triggered the caldera resurgence after the Mount Epomeo Green Tuff
eruption forming the caldera (55 000 a BP). A bending phase and a punched laccolith phase are
thought to have caused the observed deformations in the caldera. These processes control the
tectonics at the boundary of the Mount Epomeo resurgent structure, volcanic activity and
dynamics of the island
Resurgence and flank failure of Mt. Epomeo, Ischia Island (Southern Italy)
Risorgenza e collasso laterale del Monte Epomeo, Isola
dâIschia
Il Monte Epomeo (787 m a.s.l.), ubicato nel settore centrale dellâisola
dâIschia, mostra lo smantellamento del settore meridionale, depositi
di debris e franamenti diffusi che testimoniano la natura instabile
del monte. A seguito dellâeruzione ignimbritica del Tufo Verde
dellâEpomeo (55.000 anni), che genera una struttura calderica (10x7
km2), inizia la risorgenza della caldera fino alla formazione del Monte
Epomeo. Il sollevamento, generato dallâintrusione di un laccolite fino
a circa 1 km di profonditĂ , avrebbe determinato una forte instabilitĂ
gravitativa del blocco risorgente e prodotto uno o piĂš collassi laterali.
Questi hanno lasciato una struttura a ferro di cavallo, tipica di
processi da âavalancingâ, aperta verso sud, e depositi con topografia
âhummockyâ estesi a sud dellâEpomeo e rilevati recentemente da esplorazioni
sul fondo marino. Il processo che ha generato il collasso
e la formazione di un avalanche caldera è stato esaminato attraverso
lâanalisi della dinamica e dei caratteri geologici, geomorfologici e
strutturali dellâarea. Attualmente lâisola è caratterizzata da una fase di
stasi della risorgenza testimoniata da una condizione di moderata stabilitĂ
dei versanti dellâEpomeo. Quanto osservato indicherebbe una
bassa dinamica endogena nellâisola
GPS time series at Campi Flegrei caldera (2000-2013)
The Campi Flegrei caldera is an active volcanic system associated to a high volcanic risk, and represents a well known and peculiar example of ground deformations (bradyseism), characterized by intense uplift periods, followed by subsidence phases with some episodic superimposed mini-uplifts. Ground deformation is an important volcanic precursor, and, its continuous monitoring, is one of the main tool for short time forecast
of eruptive activity. This paper provides an overview of the continuous GPS monitoring of the Campi Flegrei caldera from January 2000 to July 2013, including network operations, data recording and processing, and data products. In this period the GPS time series allowed continuous and accurate tracking of ground deformation of the area. Seven main
uplift episodes were detected, and during each uplift period, the recurrent horizontal displacement pattern, radial from the âcaldera centerâ, suggests no significant change in deformation source geometry and location occurs. The complete archive of GPS time series at Campi Flegrei area is
reported in the Supplementary materials. These data can be usefull for the scientific community in improving the research on Campi Flegrei caldera dynamic and hazard assessment
Terremoto del 29 dicembre 2013 nel Matese (MW = 5.0). Indagine speditiva degli effetti nellâarea epicentrale e analisi preliminare della sequenza sismica.
Il 29 dicembre 2013 un terremoto di magnitudo Mw=5.0 (profondità 10.5 km) è avvenuto nell'area dei Monti del Matese alle ore 18:08:43 ora locale
Characterization of GPS time series at the Neapolitan volcanic area by statistical analysis
The GPS time series recorded at the Neapolitan volcanic area reveals a very peculiar
behavior. When a clear deformation is observed, the amplitude distribution evolves from a
superâGaussian to a broader distribution. This behavior can be characterized by evaluating
the kurtosis. Spurious periodic components were evidenced by independent component
analysis and then removed by filtering the original signal. The time series for all stations was
modeled with a fifthâorder polynomial fit, which represents the deformation history at
that place. Indeed, when this polynomial is subtracted from the time series, the distributions
again become superâGaussian. A simulation of the deformation time evolution was
performed by superposing a Laplacian noise and a synthetic deformation history. The
kurtosis of the obtained signals decreases as the superposition increases, enlightening the
insurgence of the deformation. The presented approach represents a contribution aimed
at adding further information to the studies about the deformation at the Neapolitan volcanic
area by revealing geologically relevant data
Spatial and temporal distribution of vertical ground movements at Mt. Vesuvius in the period 1973-2009
Since the early â70s vertical ground movements at Mount Vesuvius area have been investigated and monitored by the Osservatorio Vesuviano (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica Vulcanologia - Osservatorio Vesuviano since 2001). This monitoring began with the installation of a high-precision
leveling line in the region at medium-high elevations on the volcano. The deformation pattern and expected strain field assessment methods in the volcanic structure induced by inner sources has demanded in subsequent
years the expansion of the leveling network up to cover the whole volcanic area, enclosing part of leveling lines of other institutions. As a result of this expansion, the Mt. Vesuvius Area Leveling Network (VALN) has today reached a length of about 270 km and consists of 359 benchmarks. It is configured in 21 circuits and is connected, westward, to the Campi Flegrei leveling network and, northward, to the Campania Plain leveling network. The data collected have been carefully re-analyzed for random
and systematic errors and for error propagation along the leveling lines to
identify the areas affected by significant ground movements. For each survey,
the data were rigorously adjusted and vertical ground movements were evaluated by differentiating the heights calculated by the various measurements conducted by the Osservatorio Vesuviano from 1973 to 2009
Ground deformation analysis at Campi Flegrei (Southern Italy) by CGPS and tide-gauge network
Campi Flegrei caldera is located 15 km west of the
city of Naples, within the central-southern sector of a
large graben called Campanian Plain. It is an active
volcanic area marked by a quasi-circular caldera
depression, formed by a huge ignimbritic eruption
occurred about 37000 years ago. This caldera was
generated by several collapses produced by strong
explosive eruptions (the last eruption, occurred in
1538, built an about 130 m spatter cone called Mt.
Nuovo). Campi Flegrei area periodically experiences
significant deformation episodes, with uplift
phenomena up to more than 3.5 m in 15 years (from
1970 to 1984), which caused during 1983-84 the
temporary evacuation of about 40000 people from the
ancient part of Pozzuoli town.
The deformation field obtainable by CGPS and tidegauge
stations plays an important role for the
modelling and interpretation of volcanic phenomena,
as well as for forecasting purposes.
The structural complexity of the Campi Flegrei area,
together with the evidence of a strong interaction
between magmatic chamber and shallow geothermal
system, calls for a detailed characterization of the
substructure and of magma-water interaction
processes.
The incoming experiment of deep drilling, down to
about 4 km, will give detailed structural and physical
constraints able to resolve the intrinsic ambiguities of
geophysical data and in particular geodetic ones.
In this poster we describe the recent ground
deformations at Campi Flegrei area by means of GPS
technique and tide gauge stations, discussing the
possible interpretations also in light of further
constraints likely coming from the next CFDDP
(Campi Flegrei Deep Drilling) deep drilling experiment
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