Artefacts of Violence of the Bronze and Copper Ages in the South of Western Siberia

In the archeological sources the facts of violent actions are expressed at several levels They can include peculiarities of burial traditions traumatic effects on paleoanthropological materials objects symbolizing weapons and images of military conflicts By now there has been quite a variety of such facts revealed on the southern territory of the Western Siberia Fig 1 for the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages 1000 BC which require detailed consideration They encompass violence and peculiarities of burial customs traumatic effects on paleoanthropological materials cutting of heads scalping injuries images of cut heads objects symbolizing weapons pictures of military conflict

Evaluation of the Adhesive Properties of Spores of <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> Vaccine Strains to the Mammalian Erythrocytes Using Photocolorimetry Technique

Displayed are the results of studies concerning adhesion of spores of Bacillus anthracis vaccine strains to the erythrocytes of humans and other mammals using photocolorimetry technique. Determined are the differences in adhesive capacity of spores of B. anthracis vaccine strains № 55 VNIIVVM, STI-I and II Tsenkovsky. Discovered is the fact that the level of adhesive activity of B. anthracis № 55 VNIIVVM spores to the mammalian erythrocytes depends upon the sensitivity of the species to the anthrax agent

Investigation of Mechanisms of Interaction of <I>Yersinia pestis</I> EV NIIEG Vaccine Strain Bacteria with Human Red Blood Cells

The comparative experiments demonstrated strong correlation between the index of Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG strain adhesion to human red blood cells and hydrophobic properties of bacteria. At the same time no dependence between hemagglutination and adhesion of plague microbe was determined. Bacterial culture treatment with trypsin and high temperature (56 °C) decreased adhesion. Incubation of microbial cells with red blood cells in the presence of antibiotics (ampicillin, gentamycin, doxycycline and cefotaxime) had no influence on their interaction. The results of investigations suggested the major role of hydrophobic interactions in Y.pestis EV NIIEG strain adhesion to human red blood cells provided by the surface structures of microbial cells of the lipoprotein origin

Impact of the Liquid Part and Some Separate Components of Blood on the Process of Interaction between <I>Yersinia pestis</I> EV NIIEG Bacteria and Human Red Blood Cells <I>in vitro</I>

Objective of the research has been the evaluation of impact of blood liquid part and its separate protein fractions on the process of Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG adhesion to human erythrocytes in vitro . Bacterial binding with target-cells has been registered using photometric technique. Identified has been inhibiting effect of blood native plasma and serum, as well as some groups of serum proteins, (albumins and normal immunoglobulins) on attachment of bacteria to human red blood cells. Based on the obtained results it has been assumed that there are two possible mechanisms of suppression of Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG adhesion to human erythrocytes performed by the liquid components of blood – surface microbial structure blockage and erythrocyte membrane receptor shielding

Influence of Homogeneous Goods Market Dynamics on the Re silience of the Re gional Economy

The research is devoted to the identification and assessment of the impact of homogeneous goods market development on the resilience of the regional economy. The problem of ensuring the resilience of the Russian regions’ economy remains one of the most acute consequences of continuous real income reduction, the pressure of sanctions and general macroeconomic uncertainty. Homogeneous goods markets, in turn, have unique features, such as stable prices and output of firms that do not depend on fluctuations in demand, due to which homogeneous goods markets may improve the stability of the region’s economy. These features of homogeneous goods markets are substantiated by authors’ modification of the standard Stackelberg oligopoly model. It has been improved by adding the conditions of heterogeneity of firms and incompleteness (absence) of information about the internal characteristics of competitors. The econometric testing of the hypothesis that the development of homogeneous goods markets improves the stability of a regional economy through the reduction of inflation and unemployment and by increasing the gross regional product was performed. For testing, we compiled a gross annual output volume database of the main types of industrial activities and the largest enterprises of 10 regions of the “Big Urals”. On the one hand, testing has shown that an increase in the output of homogeneous product markets (sectors) leads to a decrease in inflation and unemployment in the region. On the other hand, there is an “optimal” level of the homogeneous goods markets’ share in the gross regional product, the excess of which can lead to a decrease in the gross regional product. For the study sample, this level is 31%, and its excess may indicate the necessity of diversification of the regional economy in order to increase the output of heterogeneous goods industries. A further area of research is the expansion of the sample to cover all regions of Russia and the assessment of the influence of the homogeneous goods market on other factors of the regional economy’s resilience.Исследование посвящено выявлению и оценке влияния развития рынков однородного товара на устойчивость региональной экономики. Проблема обеспечения устойчивости экономики регионов России остается одной из наиболее острых вследствие многолетнего снижения реальных доходов населения, санкционного давления и общей макроэкономической неопределенности. Для обоснования влияния рынков однородного товара на устойчивость региональной экономической системы авторы используют стандартную модель олигополии Штакельберга, модифицированную за счет включения в нее условий неоднородности фирм и неполноты информации (у фирм отсутствует информация о характеристиках конкурентов). С помощью модели выявлено, что рынки однородного товара обладают особенностями, которые позволяют им поддерживать стабильность социально-экономического развития региона. В работе проведено эконометрическое тестирование гипотезы, в соответствии с которой развитие рынков однородного товара повышает стабильность экономики региона, снижает инфляцию и уменьшает уровень безработицы, а также увеличивает валовой региональный продукт. Эмпирическую базу исследования составили данные по объему годового валового выпуска основных видов производственной деятельности и крупнейших предприятий десяти административно-территориальных образований «Большого Урала» (Свердловская, Челябинская, Курганская, Тюменская, Оренбургская области, Пермский край, Республики Башкортостан и Удмуртия, Ямало-Ненецкий и Ханты-Мансийский автономные округа). Тестирование показало, что, с одной стороны, увеличение выпуска рынков (отраслей) с однородным продуктом приводит к снижению инфляции и сокращению уровня безработицы в регионе. С другой – существует «оптимальный» уровень доли рынков однородного товара в валовом региональном продукте, превышение которого может приводить к его уменьшению. Для исследуемой выборки этот уровень составляет 31 %, и его превышение может свидетельствовать о необходимости диверсификации экономики региона с целью увеличения выпуска отраслей с неоднородным продуктом. Дальнейшим направлением исследования является оценка влияния рынков однородного товара на другие факторы устойчивости региональной экономики в Российской Федерации

DETECTION OF TUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA IN THE BLOOD OF PATIENTS WHEN SUSPECTING TUBERCULOUS SEPSIS

The increase in HIV patients manifesting clinical signs of sepsis requires up-to-date, rapid and reliable techniques for etiologic diagnostics.The analysis has included 53 publications related to various aspects of tuberculous bacteriemia, resources for its detection and their efficiency. According to the publications tuberculous mycobacteria in blood can be detected in HIV-positive patients with severe immune suppression (CD4: 17-18 cells/mcl) and presence of the following clinical and laboratory and X-ray signs: fever, severe anemia, paratracheal lymphoadenopathy, miliary dissemination. It is feasible to test the blood in order to detect tuberculous mycobacteria only in the very ill HIV positive patients in whom tuberculosis is suspected and it is impossible to collect sputum and there are no obvious signs of pulmonary lesions.The presence oftuberculous mycobacteria in blood isrelated to the high mortality level (up to 60%) and the immediate prescription of anti-tuberculosis therapy can reduce it. Antiretroviral therapy can reduce the chances of tuberculous sepsis development. Development and optimization of test systems for rapid detection of DNA of tuberculous mycobacteria in blood can be fairly promising for the diagnostics of the urgent tuberculosis

Prenatal training of first-time mothers in different age groups

The purpose of the study is to study awareness of the importance of prenatal training of first-time mothers of different age groups.Цель исследования – изучить информированность первородящих разных возрастных групп о важности дородовой подготовки

ВЫЯВЛЕНИЕ МИКОБАКТЕРИЙ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА В КРОВИ КАК МЕТОД ДИАГНОСТИКИ ГЕНЕРАЛ ИЗОВАННОГО ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ

Objective: To study the informative value of the detection of mycobacteria in blood with the cultural method in patients with suspected tuberculous sepsis and to determine the most significant clinical and laboratory criteria for testing. Materials and methods: The investigation to detect M.tuberculosis was fulfilled in 159 HIV-positive patients with suspected tuberculosis sepsis. Blood culture was completed with culture medium Myco/F Lytic Culture Vials and analyzer BACTEC 9050. Results: Mycobacteria were detected in blood of 19 patients (11,9% of all patients): in 18 patients the growth of М. tuberculosis complex was detected (25,3% of all patients with diagnosed tuberculosis) and in 1 patient it was Mycobacterium avium complex (0,6% of all patients). It was shown, that the probability of M.tuberculosis detection was especially associated with the severity of the disease, immunosupression (less than 100 cells/mkl), hemoglobin quantity less than 90 g/l (levels were determined through the seeking for the most significant cutoffs). It was not proofed, that meningoencephalitis develops more often in patients with proven bacteremia. There were no evident differences in detection frequency of mycobacteria in sputum between patients with tuberculous sepsis and without it.Цель: изучить информативность культурального исследования крови на МБТ у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией с подозрением на туберкулезной сепсис и определить наиболее значимые предтестовые клинико-лабораторные критерии. Материалы и методы: обследование для выявления микобактерий в крови выполнено 159 больным ВИЧинфекцией с подозрением на туберкулезный сепсис. Посев крови производили на среду Myco/F Lytic Culture Vials и помещали в гемоанализатор BACTEC 9050. Результаты: микобактериальная инфекция кровотока выявлена у 19 пациентов (11,9% от числа тестируемых): у 18 человек обнаружен рост М. tuberculosis complex (25,3% от числа больных туберкулезом) и у одного больного – Mycobacterium avium complex (0,6% от числа тестируемых). Выявлено, что вероятность бактериемии наиболее связана с тяжестью состояния пациента; иммуносупрессией менее 100 клеток/мкл; снижением уровня гемоглобина менее 90 г/л (уровни были определены посредством поиска наиболее значимых порогов). Не удалось доказать, что менингоэнцефалит чаще развивается у лиц с подтвержденной бактериемией. Достоверных различий по частоте выявления МБТ в мокроте у больных с туберкулезным сепсисом и без него выявить не удалось