Work and leisure in modern Nandi: preliminary results of a study of time allocation

This paper reports the preliminary results of a study of time allocation conducted among the members of eleven typical rural households in Nandi District. The study used the method of random visits pioneered by Barker and Wright and recently popularized in social anthropological research by Allen Johnson. Numerical data on amounts of time spent in various work and leisure activities by people of different age and sex categories. The following conclusions emerge from analysis of this data: Nandis work relatively short hours in agriculture as compared with many other Kenyan and African peoples, but longer work hours would probably to substantially increase productivity; women and men work approximately equal hours in cultivation and probably always did—unlike the case of "ideal type" pastoralists in which women are much more responsible for cultivation than are men; when the care of cattle is taken into consideration as a part of basic agricultural production, adult women and men still work approximately equal hours; women's total work occupies substantially more hours than does that of men, but most of this difference is accounted for by housework; the work of children in the rural Nandi economic system is extremely important and can hardly be over-rated at most ages children of both sexes spend more hours involved in work activities than do adult men; adult women are very minimally involved in childcare, which is primarily the work of girls , particularly those between the ages of 7 and 9; the work of boys is mainly cattle care; most younger adults of both sexes are involved in cash-gaining activities—men spend substantially more time in such activities than do women; older married women, but not men, also frequently do work for cash, primarily brewing; women's participation in community activities, such as Harambee projects, is extremely limited, unlike many other areas of Kenya. Typical division of labour in the traditional past is described, and there is discussion of the changes which appear to have taken place. The paper also describes the community in which the research was conducted, including its basic socio-economic characteristics as revealed by a random sample household census

The Grizzly, October 24, 1995

The Results Are In: Chi Rho Psi Recruited the Most Donors per Pledge • Mocktails \u27n More • Senior Class Update • Join the Army! • The Pressures Make us Miserable • De-Americanizing America • Infringing on a Conducive Learning Environment? • Why Keep Pushing? • My View on Abortion • The Million Man Exclusion • It is About Respect • In Need of Answers • Our Perspectives on Homosexuality • Homosexuality: Not an Alternative • Morality of Sexual Preference • Homecoming 1995 • Red & Gold Regulations • Mike Green Gives Advice on Drinking • Brendlinger Named Ursinus Assistant • Team Earns First Conference Win • Field Hockey Defeats Temple, Falls to American U. • Cross Country Competes in Allentown Invitational • Everyone is Invited! • Football Snaps Five-Game Skid • Steigerwalt Honoredhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1366/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, April 11, 1995

ProTheatre Stages Our Country\u27s Good • Congratulations to the New Phi Beta Kappa Members • Letter to the Editor: Where Have All Our Leaders Gone?; Gay Rights at Ursinus • Quiet Please! • Hello, This is the Phone Mail System • Why Examine Curriculum? • Student Exhibition to Open April 25 • Course Preview: Women in Politics • Final Exam Schedule • Environmental Club Activities Planned to Commemorate Earth Day • Alumnae Spotlight: Kim Caffey • Baseball Team Earns Big Win Over Hopkins • Men\u27s Tennis Gets First Win • Golfers Placed Second at Gettysburg • Women\u27s Tennis Looking for First Win • Trecroce Keys Ursinus Sweep as Softball Team Stays in the Race • Kiwak Named Player of the Week • Landis Named Player of the Week • Cosgrove Honored • Lacrosse Unbeaten in Conference Playhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1359/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, November 7, 1995

The Inauguration of President John Strassburger • Colloquium Report • Dilemma After Dark • The Truth About the Honor Code • Canned Food Drive a Success • Rabin Assassinated • Canada Remains Unified • Enough is Enough • Dr. Oboler Responds • Homosexuality: It Doesn\u27t Have to Last Forever • There is More Than One Christian View • A Parent\u27s View • A Big Thank You! • Inauguration Day • Making Ursinus Whole • And the Verdict is... • New Additions in Zack\u27s • Snell Cup Comes Home • Season Ends with Win • Football Team Avoids Centennial Cellarhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1368/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, November 3, 1992

Senior Party Success • Keith Strunk Rallies Student Support • Vote: Our Future Depends on Us • Smoking Danger Update • Blue Eyes, Brown Eyes • Phi Psi Clothes Drive • Truth About Tomatoes • Coffee House: Good to the Last Drop! • Coffee Talk • Singles Review • Fresh Brewed, Mountain Grown, 70\u27s Rock • New Berman Endowment to Preserve Outdoor Art • Another Dark Hit Brewed by Waters • Choir Percolates a Performance • In Search of Purpose • Letters to the Editor • Intramural Football Culminates in Thriller • Field Hockey Struggles; Season Ends This Week • Volleyball Finished Season with Split • Football Battles Ranked W.P.I.https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1303/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, November 12, 1991

Evaluations Show Drop in Pledge Grades • SAC Changes to AFAC • Voters Choose Wofford • Tri-Lamba Meets • Salk to Speak on Founders\u27 Day • Haley Visits Nearby High School • Crucible Captivates • WVOU at Music Marathon • Environmental Corner • Bench Art • Killer CAB Comedy • Fantasia • National Chemistry Week Unveils The Alchemist • Changing Life\u27s Blueprints • The Trouble With Wofford • The Black Hole of Greek Life • Face Off: Pros and Cons of GALA • Adopt a Flower Bed • IFC and The Illusion of Good Faith • Bears Squeak by King\u27s Point • Lady Bears Run Strong • Field Hockey Ends Season with a Tie • \u27Mers Submerge • Lady Swimmers Defeat Dickinsonhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1283/thumbnail.jp

A Mixed Blessing: Market-Mediated Religious Authority in Neopaganism

This research explores how marketplace dynamics affect religious authority in the context of Neopagan religion. Drawing on an interpretivist study of Wiccan practitioners in Italy, we reveal that engagement with the market may cause considerable, ongoing tensions, based on the inherent contradictions that are perceived to exist between spirituality and commercial gain. As a result, market success is a mixed blessing that can increase religious authority and influence, but is just as likely to decrease authority and credibility. Using an extended case study method, we propose a theoretical framework that depicts the links between our informants’ situated experiences and the macro-level factors affecting religious authority as it interacts with market-mediated dynamics at the global level. Overall, our study extends previous work in macromarketing that has looked at religious authority in the marketplace) and how the processes of globalization are affecting religion