The Relationship Between Leaders\u27 Emotional Intelligence and Employees\u27 Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job-Related Affective Well-Being at Andrews University

Problem Research has been conducted linking high levels of Emotional Intelligence (EI) in leaders with organizational success. However, the link between leaders’ EI levels and workplace climate (as evidenced by employees’ Job-related Affective Well-being [JAW] and Organizational Citizenship Behavior [OCB] levels) has not been adequately understood. This study sought to improve the understanding of how employee affective well-being and citizenship behaviors are related to leaders’ EI, with additional consideration given to how the gender of those leaders may affect that relationship. Method A quantitative correlational research method has been chosen as an appropriate method for the research study in which a relationship or link is sought between Andrews University (AU) leaders’ EI as indicated by the results of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) and their team-members’ JAW, as measured by the Job Affective Well-being Scale’s (JAWS) and OCB, as measured by the Organizational Citizenship Behavior Checklist (OCB-C), with leader gender as a moderating factor. In addition to descriptive analyses, two canonical correlation analyses were conducted, one in which leader gender was not included as an independent variable and one in which leader gender was included. Results Scores on the MSCEIT indicate that AU leaders in general are relatively weak at recognizing how they feel and how those around them feel, as neither the composite, nor the male or female groups, scored in the competent range on any of the EI branches; however, in no areas did they score as needing improvement, indicating that leaders in the sample have a functional EI that is similar to that of the normative population. On the JAWS, the team members’ total mean score is 2.79 (SD= 0.29). AU team members’ negative emotion scores (2.20) are lower than those reported by Rode (2.44), while AU team members’ positive emotion scores (3.33) are considerably higher (2.63). The total mean score for OCB-C is 2.83 (SD=0.36) while the total mean score for the JAWS is 2.79 (SD= 0.29). The highest average of the OCB-C test was in the Organizational Citizenship Behavior—Acts Benefiting Organization (OCB-o) with a mean score of male and female (n=80) of 2.95 (SD=0.70), which is lower than the levels found in two other studies that have also used the OCB-C. Both male (n=31, M=2.87, SD=0.66). Subsequent analysis using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) showed that OCB-o and Organizational Citizenship Behavior—Acts Benefiting Person (OCB-p) are very highly correlated and measure basically the same thing in this population. Two canonical correlation analyses were conducted to answer the third and fourth research questions. The third question asked: What is the nature of the relationship between AU leaders’ EI levels as measured by the MSCEIT test of EI and their team members’ JAW, as measured by the JAWS two subscales: positive and negative emotional experiences, and their team members’ OCB, as measured by the OCB subscales: OCB-o and OCB-p? The CCA performed to answer this question yielded unexpected results that indicate that lower levels of Perceiving, Using, and Understanding emotions in AU leaders produce higher levels of positive emotions towards work and lower levels of negative emotions towards work. A second CCA was completed to answer: What role does the gender of the AU leaders play in the relationship between AU leaders’ EI and their team members’ levels of JAW and OCB? Results indicate that employees who have lower levels of positive emotions and higher levels of negative emotions are associated with female leaders with lower levels of EI. Conclusion EI at AU can be linked to some aspects of organizational climate. This study’s findings in the first canonical correlation did not yield expected results, but the second CCA, which included gender, indicates that employees who have lower levels of positive emotions and higher levels of negative emotions are associated with leaders with lower levels of EI and being female. These results align closely with the Higher Education Work Climate (HEWC) Model developed to explain the relationship between the variables in this study

The Current Practice of Nursing Clinical Simulation Debriefing: A Multiple Case Study

Experts have identified simulation debriefing as the crucial or pivotal point to learning (Baldwin, 2007; Gaba, Howard, Fish, Smith, & Sowb, 2001), and the “heart and soul” of simulation (Rall, Manser, & Howard, 2000, p. 517). No research studies exist that support how best to perform this crucial activity, particularly as it relates to nursing clinical simulation (NCS) debriefing. My aim in this study was to explore and describe the current practice of NCS debriefing. I studied the phenomenon as it naturally occurred, a group exercise, and interaction between the educator, student, and environment. The research question was the following: How is NCS debriefing currently practiced? No data exist regarding the proposed study; therefore, a purposive sample of four individual cases was proposed as an adequate number to acquire sufficient intercollegiate variation. I chose study sites from the three geographic locations of Tennessee: West, Middle, and East. Creating individual case descriptions was the first analytical method used to begin cross case analysis. I then reduced the data using several techniques: categorical aggregation, time-ordered displays, content analysis, and pattern matching. Iterative comparison of data resulted in further reduction. The videotapes served as bases throughout the entire analytical process and were considered the primary source if any dispute or disagreement among sources occurred. After cases were analyzed individually, a cross case analysis revealed patterns or potential typologies of instructor participants. The final cross case synthesis of the emerged patterns produced seven patterns; four patterns matched those of the extant literature, (communication, time, structure, and emotion), and three new patterns emerged: accentuate the positive, higher order thinking, and experience counts. Debriefing provides students the opportunity to reflect on their experiential learning exercises and to hypothesize how they might perform differently next time. Debriefing also offers students a reality check, a way to see themselves through the eyes of the teacher or their peers, something the participants in this study (i.e., students and educators) valued and sought

Ego vs. EQ: How Top Leaders Beat 8 Ego Traps With Emotional Intelligence

Shirkani expands both avenues of thinking by exploring how EQ and ego balance each other and by explaining how emotional intelligence can be used as a tool to avoid career derailment that can result from an uncontrolled ego. according to Shirkani, the leadership disappointment and failure rate is high, with two out of five cEOs failing to succeed in their first year and a half on the job. Shirkani explains the most common reasons for ineffectiveness in leadership by examining ego and providing tools and strategies that can help leaders raise their EQ, prevent leadership breaches, and thus avoid a downward spiral of consequences

Taxonomy and Biology of North American Species of \u3ci\u3eGoezia\u3c/i\u3e (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from Fishes, including Three New Species

Three new species of Goezia from fishes in North America are described and supplemental data for G. minuta and several unidentified adults and larvae are presented. Males, especially their caudal papillae, are necessary to identify most species. For the new species, G. pelagia sp. n. from Rachycentron canadum and Chaetodipterus faber in the northern Gulf of Mexico possesses 12- 19 preanal, two para-anal, and four postanal pairs of papillae; G. kliksi sp. n. from Pogonias cromis in Lake Borgne, Louisiana, has 10-16 preanal, two para-anal, and five postanal pairs of papillae, and G. sinamora sp. n. from Tilapia aurea, Micropterus salmoides, and Morone saxatilis in freshwater habitats in Florida possesses 13-16 preanal, two para-anal, and three postanal pairs of papillae. Records on several unidentified females without corresponding males and other assorted specimens are included to reveal a more complete understanding of hosts and localities for species of Goezia. Characteristics provided in a table distinguish the 18 nominal species parasitizing both fishes and aquatic reptiles throughout the world. We also provide observations on pathology, attachment, and life histories of selected species. Whereas most species of Goezia cause conspicuous lesions in fishes, few infected fishes are actually diseased. Also, those diseased fishes are often components of recently established host-parasite relationships

\u3ci\u3eTerranova ceticola\u3c/i\u3e n. sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from the Dwarf Sperm Whale, \u3ci\u3eKogia simus\u3c/i\u3e (Owen), in the Gulf of Mexico

Terranova ceticola n. sp. is described from specimens in the stomachs of an individual dwarf sperm whale, Kogia simus, which stranded on the beach at Biloxi, Mississippi. It is characterized by possessing a single pair of medial preanal papillae, 38 to 40 pairs of lateral preanal papillae, five pairs of postanal papillae. and spicules 1 to 2% of the body length and by lacking cuticular plates at the posterior anal lip of males

Taxonomy and Biology of North American Species of \u3ci\u3eGoezia\u3c/i\u3e (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from Fishes, including Three New Species

Three new species of Goezia from fishes in North America are described and supplemental data for G. minuta and several unidentified adults and larvae are presented. Males, especially their caudal papillae, are necessary to identify most species. For the new species, G. pelagia sp. n. from Rachycentron canadum and Chaetodipterus faber in the northern Gulf of Mexico possesses 12- 19 preanal, two para-anal, and four postanal pairs of papillae; G. kliksi sp. n. from Pogonias cromis in Lake Borgne, Louisiana, has 10-16 preanal, two para-anal, and five postanal pairs of papillae, and G. sinamora sp. n. from Tilapia aurea, Micropterus salmoides, and Morone saxatilis in freshwater habitats in Florida possesses 13-16 preanal, two para-anal, and three postanal pairs of papillae. Records on several unidentified females without corresponding males and other assorted specimens are included to reveal a more complete understanding of hosts and localities for species of Goezia. Characteristics provided in a table distinguish the 18 nominal species parasitizing both fishes and aquatic reptiles throughout the world. We also provide observations on pathology, attachment, and life histories of selected species. Whereas most species of Goezia cause conspicuous lesions in fishes, few infected fishes are actually diseased. Also, those diseased fishes are often components of recently established host-parasite relationships

Biomarkers for assessing human female reproductive health, an interdisciplinary approach.

Identification of environmental hazards to reproductive health and characterization of the adverse outcomes necessitate a multidisciplinary approach. Epidemiologic studies are required for the identification of adverse health effects in human populations and then to confirm that specific exposures are responsible. Clinical studies are required to develop assays for reproductive biomarkers and to validate these assays prior to their application in the field. Assays for field use must be formatted and streamlined for large-scale applications and, whenever possible, computer algorithms should be developed to interpret biomarker data. Appropriate animal models must be identified, biomarker assays validated for that model, and animal experiments conducted to identify the mode of action and target organ of a putative reproductive toxicant. Finally, in vitro studies at the level of the cell and cell organelle are essential for mechanisms for toxicity to be clearly identified and understood. In this article we describe the interdisciplinary approach that we have developed for study of the effects of environmental agents on female reproductive functions. This effort requires specific skills of toxicologists, epidemiologists, physicians, biochemists, and physiologists

\u3ci\u3eCtenascarophis lesteri\u3c/i\u3e n. sp. and \u3ci\u3eProspinitectus exiguus\u3c/i\u3e n. sp. (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) from the Skipjack Tuna \u3ci\u3eKatsuwonus pelamis\u3c/i\u3e

Two cystidicolid nematodes, Ctenascarophis lesteri n. sp. and Prospinitectus exiguus n. sp., are described from the skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, from Fiji, New Caledonia, Marquesas Islands, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Puerto Rico. The former species differs from Ctenascarophis gastricus, the only other member of the genus, by having comb rows extending farther posterior than two-thirds the body length, to the anus in the female; it also has differently distributed spines on each comb, with a maximum of 32 rather than 8. The male has 7 rows of precloacal longitudinal crests; 3 pairs of precloacal, 1 pair adanal, and 6 pairs postcloacal papillae; and a spicule ratio of 1:3.4-1:5.0. The latter species differs from Prospinitectus mollis, the only other species in the genus, by being less than one-half as long, 3.5-5.9 mm long; with a proportionally longer esophagus; fewer spines per spine ring, a maximum of 49 compared with 100; deirids that lack spinules; males with an unornamented precloacal cuticle as well as a different number and distribution of caudal papillae, 2 precloacal and 7 postcloacal; and a smaller spicule ratio, 1:4 rather than 1:5-1:7