DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE ON FRESH VEGETABLES

Consumer/Household Economics,

FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROBABILITY OF CONSUMING FISH AND SHELLFISH IN THE AWAY FROM HOME AND AT HOME MARKETS

Models are developed to measure the effect of socioeconomic factors on the probability of consuming fish and shellfish in both the away from home and at home markets. Factors that significantly affect the likelihood of eating fish and shellfish at home include urbanization, region, race, ethnicity, age, diet status and income. On the other hand, region, employment, diet status, household size, age and income significantly affect the likelihood of eating fish and shellfish away from home.Consumption, Fish and shellfish, Food at home, Food away from home, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING FOOD AWAY FROM HOME CONSUMPTION: A SYNOPSIS

Consumer/Household Economics,

Imaging capability of pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors, AlGaN/GaN, and Si micro-Hall probes for scanning Hall probe microscopy between 25 and 125°C

The authors present a comparative study on imaging capabilities of three different micro-Hall probe sensors fabricated from narrow and wide band gap semiconductors for scanning hall probe microscopy at variable temperatures. A novel method of quartz tuning fork atomic force microscopy feedback has been used which provides extremely simple operation in atmospheric pressures, high-vacuum, and variable-temperature environments and enables very high magnetic and reasonable topographic resolution to be achieved simultaneously. Micro-Hall probes were produced using optical lithography and reactive ion etching process. The active area of all different types of Hall probes were 1×1 µm2. Electrical and magnetic characteristics show Hall coefficient, carrier concentration, and series resistance of the hall sensors to be 10 mOmega/G, 6.3×1012 cm−2, and 12 kOmega at 25 °C and 7 mOmega/G, 8.9×1012 cm−2 and 24 kOmega at 125 °C for AlGaN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), 0.281 mOmega/G, 2.2×1014 cm−2, and 139 kOmega at 25 °C and 0.418 mOmega/G, 1.5×1014 cm−2 and 155 kOmega at 100 °C for Si and 5–10 mOmega/G, 6.25×1012 cm−2, and 12 kOmega at 25 °C for pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (PHEMT) 2DEG Hall probe. Scan of magnetic field and topography of hard disc sample at variable temperatures using all three kinds of probes are presented. The best low noise image was achieved at temperatures of 25, 100, and 125 °C for PHEMT, Si, and AlGaN/GaN Hall probes, respectively. This upper limit on the working temperature can be associated with their band gaps and noise associated with thermal activation of carriers at high temperatures

Variable temperature-scanning hall probe microscopy with GaN/AlGaN two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) micro hall sensors in 4.2-425K range using novel quartz tuning fork AFM feedback

In this report, we present the fabrication and variable temperature (VT) operation of Hall sensors, based on GaN/AlGaN heterostructure with a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) as an active layer, integrated with Quartz Tuning Fork (QTF) in atomic force-guided (AFM) scanning Hall probe microscopy (SHPM). Physical strength and wide band gap of GaN/AlGaN heterostructure makes it a better choice to be used for SHPM at elevated temperatures, compared to other compound semiconductors (AlGaAs/GaAs and InSb), which are unstable due to their narrower band gap and physical degradation at high temperatures. GaN/AlGaN micro Hall probes were produced using optical lithography and reactive ion etching. The active area, Hall coefficient, carrier concentration and series resistance of the Hall sensors were ~14m x 14m, 10m7/G at 4.2K, 6.3 x 10^12cm-2 and 12k7 at room temperature and 7m7/G, 8.9 x 10^12cm-2 and 24k7 at 400K, respectively. A novel method of AFM feedback using QTF has been adopted. This method provides an advantage over STM feedback, which limits the operation of SHPM the conductive samples and failure of feedback due to high leakage currents at high temperatures. Simultaneous scans of magnetic and topographic data at various pressures (from atmospheric pressure to high vacuum) from 4.2K to 425K will be presented for different samples to illustrate the capability of GaN/AlGaN Hall sensors in VT-SHP

Assessing the Demand for a Functional Food Product: Is There Cannibalization in the Orange Juice Category?

The demand for functional foods has increased notably in recent years due to growing consumer interest in diet and health issues. Currently, the food industry is introducing many types of new food products with functional attributes. Consequently, cannibalization is a critical issue for firms that offer multiple products within a certain product category. The identification and assessment of cannibalization are integral factors when making strategic decisions about new product introductions. Using scanner data from Information Resources, Inc. (IRI), pertaining to a particular functional food, namely a phytosterol-enriched product for orange juice, we find that no cannibalization effects exist with respect to its introduction. We also provide estimates of own-price and cross-price elasticities of the orange juice category using a synthetic demand system.functional foods, phytosterols, orange juice industry, cannibalization, synthetic demand system, Consumer/Household Economics, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Marketing,

HEALTH KNOWLEDGE AND CONSUMER USE OF NUTRITIONAL LABELS: THE ISSUE REVISITED

The role of health knowledge in consumer use of nutritional labels on food packages is explored using data from the 1995 Diet and Health Knowledge Survey. Two types of label use models, a binary choice label use model and a level of label use model, are employed with particular attention given to the endogeneity of health knowledge. The binary choice model is concerned with factors affecting the probability of label use. The level of label use model deals with factors affecting the number of food products in which label use occurred. The results show that health knowledge has a significant role in increasing label use.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

EFFECT OF A MASS MERCHANDISER ON TRADITIONAL FOOD RETAILERS

Non-traditional retailers such as warehouse club stores, discount drug stores, and discount mass merchandisers are new competitors for traditional food retailers. It is expected that non-traditional retailers will account for roughly 14 percent of total grocery sales by the turn of the century. The impact of a particular discount mass merchandiser (Wal-Mart) on the sales of a conventional retail grocery outlet (David's Supermarket, Inc.) located in the rural areas surrounding the Dallas/Ft. Worth metroplex is analyzed. In this case study, Wal-Mart alone is responsible for about a 21 percent reduction in sales.Agribusiness,

ANALYSIS OF POINT-OF-SALE PURCHASES OF FRESH BEEF FOR A RETAIL FOOD FIRM

Agribusiness,