ESTIMATION OF SOIL CARBON STORAGE IN SHINJUKU GYOEN NATIONAL GARDEN BASED ON LAND USE HISTORY AND SOIL COMPACTNESS PROFILES

This study aims to estimate soil carbon storage in Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden,Tokyo Metropolis. Undisturbed soil samples were collected in the Gyoen from regions of differentland use using a core cylinder. A modified investigation was used by combining measurement ofvertical structure of soil compactness in order to estimate cumulative carbon content withoutinterfering with the park landscape. Softness obtained using a cone penetrometer was converted tosoil bulk density (g cm-3) and samples for measurement of total carbon content (g kg-1) werecollected using a boring stick. The carbon storage in the Gyoen (0 – 100 cm) was estimated as 316± 83.1 t C ha-1 in turf areas and 198 ± 61.3 t C ha-1 in forest areas, respectively, which areequivalent or slightly larger than the standard values obtained for Andosols and Brown Forest soils,respectively. The large difference in the cumulative carbon storage between turf area and forestarea for the entire profile (0 – 100 cm) can be explained by the difference in the pedogenesisprocess of humus accumulation together with the diagenesis process of humus decomposition,both of which depend on the humus quality of vegetation and land use history. The use of theSoftness obtained from measurement of vertical soil compactness was discussed as a proxy ofbulk density. It is shown that vertical soil compactness differs in same land use regions in theGyoen. Although the estimated values of cumulative carbon content had issues withoverestimation in some cases, we suggest that the use of the Softness as a substitute for bulkdensity is applicable for estimating soil carbon storage. Subsurface structure, regulated by land usehistory and land creating history should be taken into account for the reliable evaluation of soilcarbon storage in urban areas

日本語リメディアル教育 : 日本語文章能力開発演習の試行と成果の検証

近年、日本の大学生の学力低下が問題となり、大学生であるにもかかわらず高校程度の内容の復習から学習を始めざるを得ないという状況がある。さらに今後も日本社会の少子化や、それに伴う入学選抜試験の多様化等により大学生のリメディアル教育が必要となってくることが考えられる。そこで本稿では全ての学力の基礎となる日本語の効果的なリメディアル教育を行うための基礎的な手がかりを得るため、理系の大学での日本語リメディアルの実験授業を行い、リメディアル教育の効果的な方法について検証した。実験授業は理系の大学で3ヶ月行い、受験勉強的な問題を系統的に学習するドリル型コースと楽しく学んでもらうことを目指したアクティビティ型コースの2コースを実施した。これら2コースと授業を受けない統制群とでプリテストとポストテストを実施し成果を比較した。テストは受験用読解問題方式のリーディングテストと、簡単な指示で短い作文を書くライティングテストを行った。この結果、リーディングテストではドリル型コースでプリテストとポストテストで有意差が見られ成果が確認されたが、ライティングテストではアクティビティ型コースで顕著な成果が見られた。リーディングは3ヶ月程度の短期間ではわずかの伸びしか見られなかったが、ライティングは学習者の気づきを促し、動機を高めることができれば短期間でも効果が得られることがわかった。また、今後コンピュータを使ってのリメディアル教育の可能性もあるが、実験授業ではメンターの存在が学習者にとって重要であったことがわかったことから、コンピュータを導入する場合でも適当な指導者の指導が必要であると言える。Recently some Japanese universities and colleges experience problems with students who have a low level of Japanese language ability, especially in reading and writing. This paper reports the results obtained from experimental lessons at a university of engineering in order to provide information on the efficiency of Japanese remedial courses. Each student takes either of the two types of experimental lesson courses. These are the Drill Course, which involves ordinary drills mainly in reading, and the Activity Course, involving word-game-type tasks, including short writing assignments. Comparing the results of tests before and after the experimental lesson courses shows that the Drill Course is effective in improving the performance of reading tasks, while the Activity Course is highly effective in the performance of writing tasks but not for reading tasks. It is suggested that the improved performance of writing tasks can be developed in a rather short period, provided that the program can promote the participants1 awareness and motivation. It is also shown that mentors played pivotal roles in the lessons, and that advisors would probably necessary in case of computer-assisted-learning

生活活動強度からみた女子学生の体脂肪と生活態様の実態について

The investigation was carried out for female college students of 182 persons of this junior college in the weekday in June the end of month, 2003, and level of physical activity of the subject was calculated from the motion and time study, and 4 was classified into the new level of physical activity independence, each life aspect was compared and was examined. There were body weight and BMI, body fat percentage high, as level of physical activity was lighter in the result of the anthropometry. In the physique index, the result was reverse at index and BMI, body fat percentage of VFA (visceral fat cross section index) between level of physical actibity II and III. Though the average of the walking number was a top from the national level, the proportion of the person over 10,000 walks was little. And, the average of physical activity IV and level of III has exceeded 10,000 walks. In living hours, it was the time of "part time job", and there was a significant difference between level of physical activity I and II and III and IV. In the correlation of living hours, level of physical activity independence respectively. Factor analysis result of living hours proved the correlation of living hours. There was a person who in the frequency of the meat skipping, there was the significance between intensity of physical activity II and IV, and who in hoop and II, it does not skip meal almost at 80.3%. And then the supper hour was compared with level of physical activity I and II, and there were slowly III and IV. From the above fact, there was some abounding the walking number, as life activity which affects level of physical activity is a part time job, and as the time is longer. And, it seems to be future problem that in the group in which level of physical activity is low, it increases daily active mass, and that it positively advises the utilization of living hours which raise the life activity

女子大学生の朝食事についての調査(第1報)

"以上の結果,本調査においては,本学学生の朝食事摂取状況は通学距離,時間とは余り関係がない.また夏に比べて冬のそれはよくないという結果が得られた.暮らしの手帖社の調査によれば,子供が朝食事をとらないで,登校する原因の一つは,母親の怠慢とか職業によると報告されている.これに対しで将来母親となる本学学生の朝食事摂取状況がよくない(順位による全平均72%)という由々しい結果になった.これは調査Cに見られるごとく将来母親となった場合,大いに注意自覚を必要とすることを持ちつづけることが肝要であると認められる.終りに本調査にご協力頃いた専攻科生,桂山育子氏,内田幸子氏,萩原絹子氏に謝意を表します.