1,177 research outputs found
Differential rotation measurement of soft X-Ray corona
The aim of this paper is to study the latitudinal variation in the solar
rotation in soft X-ray corona. The time series bins are formed on different
latitude regions of the solar full disk (SFD) images that extend from 80 degree
South to 80 degree North. These SFD images are obtained with the soft X-ray
telescope (SXT) on board the Yohkoh solar observatory. The autocorrelation
analyses are performed with the time series that track the SXR flux modulations
in the solar corona. Then for each year, extending from 1992 to 2001, we obtain
the coronal sidereal rotation rate as a function of the latitude. The present
analysis from SXR radiation reveals that; (i) the equatorial rotation rate of
the corona is comparable to the rotation rate of the photosphere and the
chromosphere, (ii) the differential profile with respect to the latitude varies
throughout the period of the study; it is more in the year 1999 and least in
1994 and (iii) the equatorial rotation period varies systematically with
sunspot numbers and indicates its dependence on the phases of the solar
activity cycle.Comment: 9 Pages, 4 Figures, Accepted for Publication in MNRA
Periodicities in the coronal rotation and sunspot numbers
The present study is an attempt to investigate the long term variations in
coronal rotation by analyzing the time series of the solar radio emission data
at 2.8 GHz frequency for the period 1947 - 2009. Here, daily adjusted radio
flux (known as Penticton flux) data are used. The autocorrelation analysis
shows that the rotation period varies between 19.0 to 29.5 sidereal days (mean
sidereal rotation period is 24.3 days). This variation in the coronal rotation
period shows evidence of two components in the variation; (1) 22-years
component which may be related to the solar magnetic field reversal cycle or
Hale's cycle, and (3) a component which is irregular in nature, but dominates
over the other components. The crosscorrelation analysis between the annual
average sunspots number and the coronal rotation period also shows evidence of
its correlation with the 22-years Hale's cycle. The 22-years component is found
to be almost in phase with the corresponding periodicities in the variation of
the sunspots number.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRA
GRANADA consensus on analytical approaches to assess associations with accelerometer-determined physical behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) in epidemiological studies.
The inter-relationship between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep (collectively defined as physical behaviours) is of interest to researchers from different fields. Each of these physical behaviours has been investigated in epidemiological studies, yet their codependency and interactions need to be further explored and accounted for in data analysis. Modern accelerometers capture continuous movement through the day, which presents the challenge of how to best use the richness of these data. In recent years, analytical approaches first applied in other scientific fields have been applied to physical behaviour epidemiology (eg, isotemporal substitution models, compositional data analysis, multivariate pattern analysis, functional data analysis and machine learning). A comprehensive description, discussion, and consensus on the strengths and limitations of these analytical approaches will help researchers decide which approach to use in different situations. In this context, a scientific workshop and meeting were held in Granada to discuss: (1) analytical approaches currently used in the scientific literature on physical behaviour, highlighting strengths and limitations, providing practical recommendations on their use and including a decision tree for assisting researchers' decision-making; and (2) current gaps and future research directions around the analysis and use of accelerometer data. Advances in analytical approaches to accelerometer-determined physical behaviours in epidemiological studies are expected to influence the interpretation of current and future evidence, and ultimately impact on future physical behaviour guidelines
Stressful life events and cancer risk
In a prospective cohort study in Denmark of 8736 randomly selected people, no evidence was found among 1011 subjects who developed cancer that self-reported stressful major life events had increased their risk for cancer
Effect of temporary cements on the shear bond strength of luting cements
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate, by shear bond strength (SBS) testing, the influence of different types of temporary cements on the final cementation using conventional and self-etching resin-based luting cements. Material and Methods: Forty human teeth divided in two halves were assigned to 8 groups (n=10): I and V (no temporary cementation); II and VI: Ca(OH)2-based cement; III and VII: zinc oxide (ZO)-based cement; IV and VIII: ZO-eugenol (ZOE)-based cement. Final cementation was done with RelyX ARC cement (groups I to IV) and RelyX Unicem cement (groups V to VIII). Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% significance level. RESULTS: Means were (MPa): I - 3.80 (±1.481); II - 5.24 (±2.297); III - 6.98 (±1.885); IV - 6.54 (±1.459); V - 5.22 (±2.465); VI - 4.48 (±1.705); VII - 6.29 (±2.280); VIII - 2.47 (±2.076). Comparison of the groups that had the same temporary cementation (Groups II and VI; III and VII; IV and VIII) showed statistically significant difference (p<0.001) only between Groups IV and VIII, in which ZOE-based cements were used. The use of either Ca(OH)2-based (Groups II and VI) or ZO-based (Groups III and VII) cements showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) for the different luting cements (RelyX TM ARC and RelyX TM Unicem). The groups that had no temporary cementation (Groups I and V) did not differ significantly from each other either (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: When temporary cementation was done with ZO- or ZOE-based cements and final cementation was done with RelyX ARC, there was an increase in the SBS compared to the control. In the groups cemented with RelyX Unicem, however, the use of a ZOE-based temporary cement affected negatively the SBS of the luting agent used for final cementation
Pulp properties resulting from different pretreatments of wheat straw and their influence on enzymatic hydrolysis rate
Wheat straw was subjected to three different processes prior to saccharification, namely alkaline pulping, natural pulping and autohydrolysis, in order to study their effect on the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis. Parameters like medium concentration, temperature and time have been varied in order to optimize each method. Milling the raw material to a length of 4 mm beforehand showed the best
cost–value-ratio compared to other grinding methods studied. Before saccharification the pulp can be stored in dried form, leading to a high yield of glucose. Furthermore the relation of pulp properties (i.e. intrinsic viscosity, KLASON-lignin and hemicelluloses content, crystallinity, morphology) to cellulose hydrolysis is discussed
Increasing generality in machine learning through procedural content generation
Procedural Content Generation (PCG) refers to the practice, in videogames and
other games, of generating content such as levels, quests, or characters
algorithmically. Motivated by the need to make games replayable, as well as to
reduce authoring burden, limit storage space requirements, and enable
particular aesthetics, a large number of PCG methods have been devised by game
developers. Additionally, researchers have explored adapting methods from
machine learning, optimization, and constraint solving to PCG problems. Games
have been widely used in AI research since the inception of the field, and in
recent years have been used to develop and benchmark new machine learning
algorithms. Through this practice, it has become more apparent that these
algorithms are susceptible to overfitting. Often, an algorithm will not learn a
general policy, but instead a policy that will only work for a particular
version of a particular task with particular initial parameters. In response,
researchers have begun exploring randomization of problem parameters to
counteract such overfitting and to allow trained policies to more easily
transfer from one environment to another, such as from a simulated robot to a
robot in the real world. Here we review the large amount of existing work on
PCG, which we believe has an important role to play in increasing the
generality of machine learning methods. The main goal here is to present RL/AI
with new tools from the PCG toolbox, and its secondary goal is to explain to
game developers and researchers a way in which their work is relevant to AI
research
Inhibition of Expression in Escherichia coli of a Virulence Regulator MglB of Francisella tularensis Using External Guide Sequence Technology
External guide sequences (EGSs) have successfully been used to inhibit expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. We previously reported that EGS accessible and cleavable sites in the target RNAs can rapidly be identified by screening random EGS (rEGS) libraries. Here the method of screening rEGS libraries and a partial RNase T1 digestion assay were used to identify sites accessible to EGSs in the mRNA of a global virulence regulator MglB from Francisella tularensis, a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium. Specific EGSs were subsequently designed and their activities in terms of the cleavage of mglB mRNA by RNase P were tested in vitro and in vivo. EGS73, EGS148, and EGS155 in both stem and M1 EGS constructs induced mglB mRNA cleavage in vitro. Expression of stem EGS73 and EGS155 in Escherichia coli resulted in significant reduction of the mglB mRNA level coded for the F. tularensis mglB gene inserted in those cells
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