38,983 research outputs found
Designing an Adaptive Interface: Using Eye Tracking to Classify How Information Usage Changes Over Time in Partially Automated Vehicles
While partially automated vehicles can provide a range of benefits, they also bring about new Human Machine Interface (HMI) challenges around ensuring the driver remains alert and is able to take control of the vehicle when required. While humans are poor monitors of automated processes, specifically during ‘steady state’ operation, presenting the appropriate information to the driver can help. But to date, interfaces of partially automated vehicles have shown evidence of causing cognitive overload. Adaptive HMIs that automatically change the information presented (for example, based on workload, time or physiologically), have been previously proposed as a solution, but little is known about how information should adapt during steady-state driving. This study aimed to classify information usage based on driver experience to inform the design of a future adaptive HMI in partially automated vehicles. The unique feature of this study over existing literature is that each participant attended for five consecutive days; enabling a first look at how information usage changes with increasing familiarity and providing a methodological contribution to future HMI user trial study design. Seventeen participants experienced a steady-state automated driving simulation for twenty-six minutes per day in a driving simulator, replicating a regularly driven route, such as a work commute. Nine information icons, representative of future partially automated vehicle HMIs, were displayed on a tablet and eye tracking was used to record the information that the participants fixated on. The results found that information usage did change with increased exposure, with significant differences in what information participants looked at between the first and last trial days. With increasing experience, participants tended to view information as confirming technical competence rather than the future state of the vehicle. On this basis, interface design recommendations are made, particularly around the design of adaptive interfaces for future partially automated vehicles
Transmission coefficient and two-fold degenerate discrete spectrum of spin-1 bosons in a double-step potential
The scattering of spin-1 bosons in a nonminimal vector double-step potential
is described in terms of eigenstates of the helicity operator and it is shown
that the transmission coefficient is insensitive to the choice of the
polarization of the incident beam. Poles of the transmission amplitude reveal
the existence of a two-fold degenerate spectrum. The results are interpreted in
terms of solutions of two coupled effective Schr\"{o}dinger equations for a
finite square well with additional -functions situated at the borders.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1203.119
Multimode Hong-Ou-Mandel interference
We consider multimode two-photon interference at a beam splitter by photons
created by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The resulting interference
pattern is shown to depend upon the transverse spatial symmetry of the pump
beam. In an experiment, we employ the first-order Hermite-Gaussian modes in
order to show that, by manipulating the pump beam, one can control the
resulting two-photon interference behavior. We expect these results to play an
important role in the engineering of quantum states of light for use in quantum
information processing and quantum imaging.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PR
Does Good Mutation Help You Live Longer?
We study the dynamics of an age-structured population in which the life
expectancy of an offspring may be mutated with respect to that of its parent.
When advantageous mutation is favored, the average fitness of the population
grows linearly with time , while in the opposite case the average fitness is
constant. For no mutational bias, the average fitness grows as t^{2/3}. The
average age of the population remains finite in all cases and paradoxically is
a decreasing function of the overall population fitness.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, RevTeX revised version, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Let
Driving-dependent damping of Rabi oscillations in two-level semiconductor systems
We propose a mechanism to explain the nature of the damping of Rabi
oscillations with increasing driving-pulse area in localized semiconductor
systems, and have suggested a general approach which describes a coherently
driven two-level system interacting with a dephasing reservoir. Present
calculations show that the non-Markovian character of the reservoir leads to
the dependence of the dephasing rate on the driving-field intensity, as
observed experimentally. Moreover, we have shown that the damping of Rabi
oscillations might occur as a result of different dephasing mechanisms for both
stationary and non-stationary effects due to coupling to the environment.
Present calculated results are found in quite good agreement with available
experimental measurements
Ising Ferromagnet: Zero-Temperature Dynamic Evolution
The dynamic evolution at zero temperature of a uniform Ising ferromagnet on a
square lattice is followed by Monte Carlo computer simulations. The system
always eventually reaches a final, absorbing state, which sometimes coincides
with a ground state (all spins parallel), and sometimes does not (parallel
stripes of spins up and down). We initiate here the numerical study of
``Chaotic Time Dependence'' (CTD) by seeing how much information about the
final state is predictable from the randomly generated quenched initial state.
CTD was originally proposed to explain how nonequilibrium spin glasses could
manifest equilibrium pure state structure, but in simpler systems such as
homogeneous ferromagnets it is closely related to long-term predictability and
our results suggest that CTD might indeed occur in the infinite volume limit.Comment: 14 pages, Latex with 8 EPS figure
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