Metastatic Leiomyosarcoma in African Goose (Anser cygnoides)

 Background: In birds, neoplasms are more frequently observed in Psittaciformes and Galliformes and rarely seen in Columbiformes and Anseriformes, with few reports of the occurrence of mesenchymal neoplasms such as leiomyosarcoma affecting birds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe a case of metastatic leiomyosarcoma in an African goose (Anser cygnoides), analyzing the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects. Case: A 10-month-old male African goose, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil, whit ataxia, tremors of intention in the head, and nystagmus about one month ago, progressing to lateral decubitus. Due to the unfavorable prognosis, animal was euthanized. Samples of the organs of the coelomic cavity and central nervous system were collected for histologic examination. The samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. After fixation, the organs were embedded in paraffin, cut into 4-5 μm sections, and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Paraffin blocks with liver, kidney and encephalon fragments were selected and sent for immunohistochemical analysis. The primary antibodies used were: alpha-smooth muscle actin (monoclonal 1A4), anti-vimentin (monoclonal, V9), CD57 (monoclonal, NK1) and cytokeratin (monoclonal, AE1/AE3) and incubated for 18 h at 4Cº. As an amplification and detection system polymer and labeled by addition of the liquid diaminobenzidine+substratechromogen system and counterstained with Harris hematoxylin. Macroscopically were observed in the liver nodular multifocal areas yellowish, sometimes coalescing, firm, and elevated to the surface that at the cut deepened to the parenchyma. In the left kidney there was a similar tumor mass. In the left frontal lobe, there was nodular focal area, well circumscribed, yellowish and protruding. To cutting surface it compressed the parietal and temporal lobe and showed surface yellowish and smooth. Microscopically, the liver was diffusely infiltrated by mesenchymal neoplasia, expansive, infiltrative, poorly circumscribed and not encapsulated, constituted by spindle cells arranged in interlaced bundles. The cells were elongated with sparse cytoplasm, slightly eosinophilic and indistinct borders with rounded to elongated nuclei, with coarse chromatin and evident nucleoli. In fragments of kidney and brain, neoplastic infiltration similar to that described in the liver was observed. In immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells were positive with antibodies anti-vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin.Discussion: The diagnosis of metastatic leiomyosarcoma in an African goose was based on epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Reports of neoplasms in birds are relatively rare, however the occurrence of metastatic leiomyosarcoma affecting goose in the most varied locations has been described, from skin to organs of the coelomic cavity like kidney, ovary and intestinal wall. In this case, there is the unusual occurrence of dissemination in the liver, kidney and cerebral cortex, progressing to a neurological clinic condition. There are rare cases of metastatic leiomyosarcoma in geese African goose (Anser cygnoides). The main differential diagnoses include fibrosarcomas, neurofibrosarcomas and histiocytic sarcomas, which are similar macroscopically and histologically.Keywords: ornithopathology, mesenchymal neoplasms, anseriformes.Descritores: ornitopatologia, neoplasias mesenquimais, anseriformes.Título: Leiomiossarcoma metastáticoem ganso africano (Anser cygnoides

Aerossaculite fúngica em frangos de corte: Relato de caso

This work aims to report a case of aspergillosis in 49-day-old broilers. The case occurred in a commercial broiler farm of multiple ages located in the metropolitan region of Fortaleza. Respiratory problems, unresponsive to antibiotics were observed in broilers during the rearing period. Given the high morbidity and mortality, birds were taken for necropsy, 10 birds with recent death and 5 birds with respiratory symptoms were sacrificed. At necropsy, discharge and a yellowish nodular focal area in the nasal cavity, opacity and thickening of air sacs and presence of yellowish caseous material were observed. Histopathological examination revealed a multifocal infiltration of histiocytes and heterophils in the submucosa, in addition to foci of epithelial necrosis. In the air sacs, foci of histiocytic infiltration were observed, some associated with a central area of necrosis containing negative images of hyphae (compatible with Aspergillus sp.). In view of the association of the birds' respiratory condition with the necropsy and histopathological findings, granulomatous airsacculitis associated with fungal hyphae was diagnosed, suggestive of aspergillosis.Este trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar um caso de aspergilose em frangos de corte com 49 dias de idade. O caso ocorreu em uma granja comercial de frangos de corte de múltiplas idades localizadas na região metropolitana de Fortaleza. Problemas respiratórios, pouco responsivos a antibióticos, foram observados em frangos de corte durante o período de criação. Diante da elevada morbidade e mortalidade, aves foram tomadas para necropsia, 10 aves com morte recente e 5 aves apresentando sintomas respiratórios foram sacrificadas. Na necropsia observou-se corrimento e área focal nodular amarelada na cavidade nasal, opacidade e espessamento de sacos aéreos e presença de material caseoso amarelado. O exame histopatológico revelou uma infiltração multifocal de histiócitos e heterófilos na submucosa, além de focos de necrose do epitélio. Nos sacos aéreos observou-se focos de infiltração histiocitária, alguns associados com área central de necrose contendo imagens negativas de hifas (compatíveis com Aspergillus sp.). Diante da associação do quadro respiratório das aves aos achados de necropsia e histopatológico, diagnosticou-se o quadro de aerossaculite granulomatosa associada a hifas fúngicas, sugestivo de aspergilose

CARACTERIZAÇÃO EPIDEMIOLÓGICA E HISTOPATOLÓGICA DAS NEOPLASIAS MAMÁRIAS DE FELINOS EM FORTALEZA E REGIÃO METROPOLITANA

Mammary neoplasms are one of the three most neoplasms common types in female domestic cats, with an occurrence of 20 cases and a frequency of 33.90% in animals aged 10 to 12 years. Factors such as the use of hormones, pseudocyesis, obesity, and a diet rich in lipids in the young phase may be a part of the etiology of this pathologyin cats. There is a high rate of malignancy in most feline mammary tumors, most being carcinomas corresponding to 42.86% of the cases. The most common benign neoplasms are adenomas. The prognosis is reserved for most cats, and death is usually caused by clinical effects secondary to the progression of the local disease (disease located in the mammarychain) or due to metastatic spread to vital organs. Thus, the diagnosis is of extreme importance for a good prognosis. The present work aimed at the epidemiological and histopathological characterization of mammary neoplasms in felines in the city of Fortaleza and its metropolitan region, analyzing data from 59 histopathological exams of mammary tissue samples of this species.As neoplasias mamárias são um dos três tipos neoplásicos mais frequentes nas fêmeas de gatos domésticos, sendo observada a ocorrência de 20 casos e frequência de 33,90% em animais com idade de 10 a 12 anos. Fatores como a utilização de hormônios, pseudociese, obesidade e alimentação rica em lipídeos na fase jovem podem estar envolvidos na etiologia desta patologia mamária em gatas. Existe um alto índice de malignidade na maioria dos tumores mamários felinos, sendo a maior parte carcinomas com 42,86% dos casos verificados. As neoplasias benignas mais comuns são os adenomas. O prognóstico é reservado para a maioria das gatas, sendo a morte geralmente causada por efeitos clínicos secundários à progressão da doença local (doença localizada na cadeia mamária) ou devido à disseminação metastática para órgãos vitais. Desta forma, o diagnóstico é de extrema importância para um bom prognóstico. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização epidemiológica e histopatológica das neoplasias mamárias em felinos no município de Fortaleza e região metropolitana, fazendo uma análise de dados de 59 exames histopatológicos de amostras de tecido mamário desta espécie

Thalamic Melanosis in Goats

Background: Melanosis is a blackened pigmentation resulting from the accumulation of melanocytes in tissues that are not normally pigmented. This change in the color of the organs occurs due to the agglomeration of melanocytes originating from abnormal migration during embryogenesis and does not cause dysfunction to the affected organ. Although melanosis frequently occurs in several species and affects several organs such as the brain and spinal cord leptomeninges, involvement in the thalamus region is unusual. The objective of this work was to report two cases of thalamic melanosis in goats, determining the pathological and histochemical aspects that assist in the diagnosis of this condition.Cases: Two cases of thalamic melanosis in goats were diagnosed. In both cases, the animals had no nervous history disease and clinical signs. The cause of death in cases 1 and 2 was established based on anatomopathological findings and clinical signs being diagnosed with mycoplasmosis and asphyxia, respectively. After fixing and making cross-sections of the brain, a focal lengthy blackened area was observed on the thalamus surface in both cases. Microscopically, lesions in the brain were similar in both cases and exclusively affected the thalamus. These cells had abundant cytoplasm, well delimited with brownish granular pigment. The nuclei were difficult to visualize and in some cells, it was rounded, well-defined, morphologically compatible with melanocytes. Melanocytes were mainly distributed around neurons and often distended the perivascular space of multiple blood vessels. In Fontana Masson staining, the granules in the cytoplasm of these cells stained strongly black. The Prussian Blue, Periodic Acid- Schiff's, Von Kossa, and Giemsa stains were negative, and the pigment remained brown. In the unstained slides, assembled after the deparaffinization and clarification process, it was observed the permanence of cells with blackish-brown pigment in the cytoplasm. In immunohistochemistry, strong immunostaining of pigmented cells with the Anti-MelanA antibodies was observed in both cases.Discussion: The diagnosis of thalamic melanosis in goats was carried out based on the characteristic pathological findings, in which melanin pigments were demonstrated and identified through HE, Fontana-Masson staining, and unstained slides and confirmed by the IHC. The use of complementary histochemical techniques was fundamental for the classification of the pigment as melanin, demonstrating to be an accessible and reliable tool for the diagnosis of pathological processes that lead to the accumulation of pigments and or material in the tissues. The occurrence of melanin in the thalamus may be associated with a failure in the migration of melanoblasts, which would go to the optical pathways or to the thalamus. This erratic migration of melanoblasts can be explained by the fact that the forebrain is the embryogenic origin of the optic and diencephalon pathways. Macroscopically, thalamic melanosis must be differentiated mainly from neoplastic processes such as melanoma and hemangiosarcoma, pigmented fungus infections, Phalaris angusta poisoning, listeriosis, neurocutaneous melanosis, and neuromelanin. It was concluded that thalamic melanosis is an uncommon alteration in goats and although it has been diagnosed as an incidental necropsy finding, should be included in the differential diagnosis of diseases that affect the central nervous system, especially those that have a color change associated with the deposition of pigments in the tissues. Keywords: melanin, necropsy findings, pigment, thalamus.Descritores: melanina, achados de necropsia, pigmento, tálamo.Título: Melanose talâmica em caprinos.

Colite necrohemorrágica causada por Entamoeba histolytica em um cão

Background: Intestinal amebiasis with morphological lesions and clinical manifestations is uncommon in dogs. The disease is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, which is commonly observed in its natural hosts, humans and some non-human primates. It is occasionally found in the company of animals, usually associated with contact with infected humans. Thus, the objective here is to describe a case of necro-hemorrhagic colitis caused by E. histolytica in a dog infected with the canine distemper virus, in order to characterize the epidemiological and clinicopathological aspects of the disease.Case: An adult, mixed-breed bitch displaying anorexia and ataxia was referred to the veterinary hospital for treatment. Clinical evaluation showed a cachectic animal with 12% dehydration, ocular discharge, and bilateral purulent nasal dis-charge. A clinical diagnosis of distemper was made, and treatment was instituted. The dog’s signs progressed to walking in circles, aimlessly, with lethargy and blindness. After three days of the onset of neurological signs, the dog developed diarrhea with hematochezia. With no improvement noted, we elected to euthanize the dog. At necropsy, edema was present in subcutaneous tissues, and the lungs had yellow areas in the cranio-ventral portions, which the court was flowing purulent discharge. In the large intestine, segmental distention of the distal portion of the descending colon was observed. The segment was approximately 15 cm in length and consisted of irregular reddish areas. There was also slight thickening of the wall with edematous mucosa containing blood clots, fibrin, and multiple areas of ulceration. Microscopically showed necro-hemorrhagic colitis associated with rounded structures, approximately 15 μm in size, containing abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm that was slightly granular or vacuolated. They also contained nuclei and nucleoli that were central or slightly eccentric. These organisms were consistent with amoeba trophozoites. There was also demyelinating encephalitis associated with malacia, corpuscular intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions and / or intracytoplasmic inclusions in ependymal cells, astrocytes, and gemistocytes, characteristic of infection with canine distemper virus. Using immunohistochemistry with polyclonal anti-E. histolytica antibodies in the dilution of 1:1000, trophozoites were immunomarked, confirming the suspected amebiasis.Discussion: The diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis was based on clinical signs and by morphological characteristics on gross and microscopic examination, and was confirmed as E. histolytica by immunohistochemistry. Limited information on theepidemiology and pathological findings of infection with Entamoeba sp. has been reported in the literature, as it is relatively uncommon in pets. Affected animals are usually asymptomatic, but immunosuppression caused by canine distemper virus may have triggered the clinical manifestations of the disease in this dog. Enteritis due Entamoeba sp. should be considered in dogs with chronic weight loss and bloody diarrhea. It should also be included in the differential diagnoses for weight loss and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, such as canine parvovirus, canine adenovirus 1, Pythium insidiosum, and Giardia sp

Morphometric Alteration of Intestinal Epithelium of Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Submitted to the Technique of Enteropexy

Background: Due to the numerous complications that enteropexy may cause in domestic animals and humans, this study aimed at investigating the microscopic level, the damage generated by this technique in mice, in order to investigate the morphometric changes caused by enteropexy technique in rats.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen Wistar rats were submitted to surgical technique of enteropexy. To evaluate intestinal disorders they were euthanized at 30 (Group I), 60 (group II) and 90 (group III) days after the procedure. The animals were perfused with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 4% paraformaldehyde for the removal of intestinal fragments for analysis in conventional microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In classical histopathology, group I presented mild lesions with necrosis of the epithelium and infiltration of mononuclear cells. After 60 days, extensive ischemic necrosis area was observed, characterized by the denudation of epithelium cells and cellular debris in the lumen surface and loss of intestinal crypts. After 90 days (group III) lesions were evident and were characterized by strong coagulative necrosis of epithelial cells and intestinal crypts. Under electron microscopy, group I showed early fusion of the adjacent intestinal walls. After 60 days there was adherence of luminal stenosis and intestinal walls. In group III loss of epithelium and substitution of necrotic tissue were identified.Discussion: In the current study it was noticed microscopically that the groups had inflammatory reactions to foreign bodies. It is known that the sutures, independent of manufacture, behave as foreign bodies that induce tissue inflammation of the recipient organism and could harm the scar repair. Among the surgical threads, the nylon type (which was chosen for the current experiment) is indicated in the approach tissues in general and bandages, including cardiovascular, ophthalmic and neurological procedures. This category wire induces minimal inflammation of the receptor tissue. In studies of the histopathological analysis of the tissue reactions produced by the wire implant or nylon thread clamp in rats, it was observed that when the local action of two implants were compared, inflammation showed qualitatively similar responses, although they had different characteristics regarding their course. Inflammation is proportional to the proliferation of fibroblasts and the presence of fibrous tissue around the suture. This quote confirms the analyzed samples, in which, in all postoperative times showed inflammatory process, although at different magnitudes. Surgical research in laboratory animals has expanded in recent decades, mainly due to better anesthetic support, the sophistication of infrastructure, material for perioperative continuous monitoring and an incessant search for species that reproduce human morbid conditions. The main focus of these studies have been improving the knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms of disease, undertake therapeutic trials with new drugs, studying biomarkers and evaluate new techniques to be applied prospects in man. The most common sites of occurrence of intestinal are ileocolic intussusception junction and jejunojejunal segment. The enteroplication has been used to reduce the occurrence of intussusception, promoting the adhesion of the adjacent serosa layers of intestinal segments and thereby decreasing intestinal motility, their applicability is reported in humans, dogs and cats. The enteropexy technique causes morphological changes in intestinal epithelium of rats, evidenced in conventional and electron microscopy, progress with the passing of time the procedure

SARNA PSORÓTICA EM EQUINO

This study was carried out on a horse with 3-year-old, male of the Paint horse breed, suffering from psoroptic scabies. The animal presented dermatological symptomatology characterized by areas of alopecia, with edema, intense pruritus and bleeding. The dorsal and face regions was the most affected area of the body. The diagnosis was made based on the animal's anamnesis, epidemiological information, clinical history and skin scrapings, through the microscopic visualization of the adult forms of Psoroptes spp. The therapeutic course was performed through topical and environmental treatment, with proved effective. Psoroptic mange is caused by Psoroptes spp., a mite that can parasitize horses, cattle, sheep and goats. Information available in the literature related to the occurrence of psoroptic scabies in horses is scarce. This case report aims to describe the occurrence of this disease in an equine in the state of Ceará.Este estudo foi realizado em um cavalo com 3 anos de idade, macho da raça Paint, portador de escabiose psoróptica. O animal apresentou sintomatologia dermatológica caracterizada por áreas de alopecia, com edema, prurido intenso e sangramento. As regiões dorsal e facial foram as áreas do corpo mais acometidas. O diagnóstico foi feito com base na anamnese do animal, informações epidemiológicas, história clínica e raspados de pele, através da visualização microscópica das formas adultas de Psoroptes spp. O curso terapêutico foi realizado por meio de tratamento tópico e ambiental, com eficácia comprovada. A sarna psoróptica é causada por Psoroptes spp., um ácaro que pode parasitar cavalos, bovinos, ovinos e caprinos. As informações disponíveis na literatura relacionadas à ocorrência de escabiose psoróptica em equinos são escassas. Este relato de caso tem como objetivo descrever a ocorrência desta enfermidade em um equino no estado do Ceará

ACHADOS ANATOMOPATOLÓGICOS EM SERPENTE BOA CONSTRICTOR VÍTIMA DE ATROPELAMENTO

Automobile accidents in wild animals are becoming more common. This is due to the appearance of these animals in urban areas as a consequence of the loss of their natural habitat, which is influenced by human, such as deforestation and the economic use of these areas. The present report describes the case of a jiboia (Boa constrictor) victim of trampling and his anatomopathological findings resulting from the accident. At the necropsy a laceration in the skin of approximately 6 cm in length was observed in the lateral region. In addition, there was evisceration of segment of intestinal loops. In the subcutaneous and in the musculature multifocal areas of hemorrhage were evidenced, and the ribs were fractured. The importance of the preservation of these species is emphasized through measures that minimize the chances of human-induced accidents, which affect the decline of biodiversity.Acidentes automobilísticos em animais silvestres são cada vez mais comuns. Isso acontece devido ao aparecimento desses animais em áreas urbanas, como consequência da perda de seu habitat natural, que sofre influências do homem, como o desmatamento e o uso econômico dessas áreas. O presente relato descreve o caso de uma jiboia (Boa constrictor) de vida livre, vítima de atropelamento, e seus achados anatomopatológicos decorrentes do acidente. Na necropsia foi observado na região lateral uma laceração na pele de aproximadamente 6 cm de comprimento. Além disso, havia evisceração de segmento de alças intestinais. No subcutâneo e na musculatura evidenciou-se áreas multifocais de hemorragia, e as costelas estavam fraturadas. Ressalta-se a importância da preservação dessas espécies, através de medidas que minimizem as chances de ocorrência de acidentes causados pelo homem, que repercutem na queda da biodiversidade