1,839 research outputs found

    Classification of Rectifying Space-Like Submanifolds in Pseudo-Euclidean Spaces

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    The notions of rectifying subspaces and of rectifying submanifolds were introduced in [B.-Y. Chen, Int. Electron. J. Geom 9 (2016), no. 2, 1–8]. More precisely, a submanifold in a Euclidean m-space Em is called a rectifying submanifold if its position vector field always lies in its rectifying subspace. Several fundamental properties and classification of rectifying submanifolds in Euclidean space were obtained in [B.-Y. Chen, op. cit.]. In this present article, we extend the results in [B.-Y. Chen, op. cit.] to rectifying space- like submanifolds in a pseudo-Euclidean space with arbitrary codimension. In particular, we completely classify all rectifying space-like submanifolds in an arbitrary pseudo-Euclidean space with codimension greater than one

    Locating the housing crisis in Kuwaiti state, land and society

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    Despite the oil wealth and hyper-welfare provision to its citizens, Kuwait has seen the rise of a ‘housing crisis’ discourse in recent years. This paper aims to provide an opportunity to understand the nature of Kuwait’s housing crisis and the reasons behind the state’s perceived inability to respond to it. Through the analysis of research findings from the field, we argue that the housing crisis in Kuwait is socially constructed, reflecting the multi- layered conditions of historic provision and consumption of housing in Kuwaiti society. The formulation of the housing crisis can be further disaggregated into (a) the crisis of the Kuwaiti welfare state, (b) the crisis of land development and (c) the society in crisis. Tackling the housing crisis, therefore, requires a holistic approach that involves multi-level stakeholder engagement, including a wide range of citizens. Our study on housing in Kuwait draws attention to the country’s contemporary state–society relations and the complexities of housing crises unfolding globally

    Insights for a post-pandemic world

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    Neuroprotective strategies for acute ischemic stroke: recent progress and future perspectives

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    Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and most common cause of disability in adult. Despite of recent advances in the recanalization therapy for acute ischemic stroke, the need for neuroprotectants is substantial, to extend the window for recanalization therapy and to prevent neuronal death by ischemic brain injury or by reperfusion injury after successful therapy. Herein, the possible reasons for the failure of neuroprotectants trials during the past two decades and current status of neuroprotective strategies for acute ischemic stroke are discussed. This review will also address the recent advances and future perspectives in preclinical and clinical trials of neuroprotective agents, including the efforts of high quality of transition of preclinical results to clinical trial, genetic studies to trigger neuroprotectants development, application of neuroprotectants at optimal time and duration after stroke, adjuvant approaches, and biomarker-based triage

    Silent brain infarction: a quiet predictor of future stroke

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    A silent brain infarct (SBI) is defined as imaging or neuropathological evidence of brain infarction without a history of acute neurological dysfunction attributable to the lesion. The number of patients with SBIs is estimated as several-fold higher than the number with clinical stroke. In addition, SBIs have important clinical implications. The presence of SBIs more than doubles the risk of subsequent stroke and dementia. Although most SBIs are lacunes, for which hypertensive small vessel disease is thought to be the main cause, some of them could be embolic in origin. The pathological mechanisms of SBIs and most effective strategies for prevention of future stroke may differ depending on the cause of the SBI. The literature reviewed and cases presented herein underscore the need for application of appropriate workups and therapeutic strategies in patients with SBIs. In this review, the definition, causes, and clinical impact of SBIs are discussed, together with the questions that remain open and recent advances (e.g., machine learning techniques) in the study of SBIs

    Stem cell therapy for stroke: lessons learned from recent successful randomized trials of interventional therapy for stroke

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    Cell-based therapy is a promising approach for treating acute stroke patients as well as those with fixed neurological deficits, and therefore, the number of stem cell trials conducted on stroke patients is increasing. However, more studies are needed to conclude the efficacy of stem cell therapy because while several studies showed a beneficial effect, there was significant bias in subsequent studies. Meanwhile, there have been recent advances in stroke treatment such as endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke and catheter-based closing of a patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic stroke. Clinical trials of the latter two interventional therapies have very similar histories of consistent success after repeated failures. In this review, the factors related to the success of these interventional therapies are discussed and applied to stem cell therapy for stroke patients. Through continued efforts, there is hope for success in stem cell therapy for stroke patients

    Advances in biomarker for stroke patients: from marker to regulator

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    Biomarkers refer to indicators found in the blood, other body fluids or tissues that predict physiologic or disease states, increased disease risk, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Stroke is a heterogeneous condition, and stroke biomarkers could be used as a guiding tool for more effective personalized therapy. In this review, the recent advances in the biomarkers in stroke field are discussed. First, various types of biomarkers including genetic, extracellular vesicle, and metabolomics-associated biomarkers as well as protein biomarkers were recently introduced. The studies reviewed herein suggest that comprehensive analysis of different types of stroke biomarkers will improve the understanding of individual pathophysiologies and further promote the development of screening tool of high-risk patients, predicting model of stroke outcome and rational stroke therapy tailored to the characteristics of each case. Second, several biomarkers can be bio-‘makers’ that regulate compensatory or pathological process in the development of stroke etiology and recovery after stroke. Several protein (e.g.,chemokines, caveoli), genetic (e.g., microRNA), and extracellular vesicles (e.g., cancer cell, stem cells-derived) may be directly involved in these processes. These bio-makers may be molecular target of treatment and can be used for new drug development

    Inhibition of ATR Increases the Sensitivity to WEE1 Inhibitor in Biliary Tract Cancer

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    Purpose Currently, the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway represents a key target for new cancer drug development. Advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) has a poor prognosis because of the lack of efficacious treatment options. Although DNA repair pathway alterations have been reported in many patients with BTC, little is known regarding the effects of DDR-targeted agents against BTC. Materials and Methods In this study, nine BTC cell lines were exposed to the WEE1 inhibitor (AZD1775). In vitro, MTT assay, colony-forming assay, cell cycle analysis, phospho-histone H3 staining assay, Transwell migration assay, and western blot were performed. Then, to enhance the antitumor effect of AZD1775, the combination treatment of WEE1 inhibitor and ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related (ATR) inhibitor (AZD6738) was conducted using MTT assay and comet assay. Finally, HuCCT-1 and SNU2670 xenograft models were established to confirm the anti-tumor effect of AZD1775 alone. Furthermore, the combination treatment was also evaluated in SNU2670 xenograft models. Results AZD1775 blocked the phosphorylation of CDC2 and CDC25C in all cell lines, but significantly increased apoptosis and S phase arrest in sensitive cells. However, increased p-ATR and phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated levels were observed in less sensitive cells. In addition, in vitro and in vivo data illustrated that AZD1775 combined with AZD6738 exerted more potent anti-tumor effects than either drug alone. Although WEE1 inhibition has promising anti-tumor effects in some BTC cells, the addition of ATR inhibitors could enhance its efficacy. Conclusion Taken together, this study supports further clinical development of DDR-targeted strategies as monotherapy or combination regimens for BTC.
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