[domestic Violence Against Children (first Part)].

The authors interviewed 76.2% of the pediatricians from the Pediatric Department-School of Medical Sciences-Campinas University-UNICAMP, to analyse the difficulties of this professional group in the evaluation of the domestic violence against children. From the group of professionals, 86.7% had already attended a situation involving child abuse; the therapeutic aspects were referred in 44.4% as most important, and in 46%, the difficulties in the diagnostic aspects were referred. They conclude that, despite the experiences with the theme, a lot more could be done and studied.71313-

Effects of Aflatoxin B1 and Fumonisin B1 on Blood Biochemical Parameters in Broilers

The individual and combined effects of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) on liver pathology, serum levels of aspartate amino-transferase (AST) and plasma total protein (TP) of broilers were evaluated from 8 to 41 days of age. Dietary treatments included a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with three levels of AFB1 (0, 50 and 200 μg AFB1/kg), and three levels of FB1 (0, 50 and 200 mg FB1/kg). At 33 days post feeding, with the exception of birds fed 50 mg FB1 only, concentrations of AST were higher (p < 0.05) in all other treatment groups when compared with controls. Plasma TP was lower (p < 0.05) at six days post feeding in groups fed 200 μg AFB1/kg alone or in combination with FB1. At day 33 days post feeding, with the exception of birds fed the highest combination of AFB1 and FB1 which had higher plasma TP than control birds, plasma TP of birds fed other dietary treatments were similar to controls. Broilers receiving the highest levels of AFB1 and FB1 had bile duct proliferation and trabecular disorder in liver samples. AFB1 singly or in combination with FB at the levels studied, caused liver damage and an increase in serum levels of AST

The Quality of Eggs from Japanese Quail, Coturnix japonica, Fed Rations Containing Aflatoxin B1 and Fumonisin B1

In the present study, the individual and combined effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) on the quality of quail eggs were investigated. To this end, 288 8-week-old Japanese quail were randomly distributed into six experimental groups (48 birds per group) and fed the following diets for 140 days (five 28-day laying periods) : 1) 0 (control) ; 2) 10mg FB1/kg ; 3) 50&mu;g AFB1/kg ; 4) 50&mu;g AFB1/kg+10mg FB1/kg ; 5) 200&mu;g AFB1/kg ; and 6) 200&mu;g AFB1/kg+10mg FB1/kg feed. Each treatment consisted of four replicates of twelve quail. Eggs laid in the last day of each 28-d laying period were collected and submitted for individual analysis for specific gravity, Haugh units and percentage shell. Results showed that by the end of the 4th cycle, average egg weight was lower (P&lt;0.05) in groups fed 50 or 200&mu;g AFB1/kg+10mg FB1/kg combination diets. Specific gravity decreased (P&lt;0.05) in the group fed 200&mu;g AFB1/kg+10mg FB1/kg by the 5th cycle. Feed intake and Haugh units were not affected (P&gt; 0.05) by AFB1 and/or FB1. Only birds receiving the 200&mu;g AFB1/kg+10mg FB1/kg diet had decreased (P&lt;0.05) percent eggshell by the 4th cycle. Data indicated that AFB1 and FB1 in combination have primarily additive effects on quail egg weight, specific gravity and percent eggshell at the concentrations used

Adição de bentonita sódica como adsorvente de aflatoxinas em rações de frangos de corte Utilization of sodium bentonite as adsorbent of aflatoxins in broiler feed

A presença de micotoxinas nas matérias-primas, principalmente no milho utilizado para rações para aves, é uma das maiores preocupações atuais devido aos danos causados por essa substâmcia não só aos animais, mas também aos produtores e às empresas do setor avícola. Considerando a utilização de adsorvente ou seqüestrante na ração para minimizar os efeitos deletérios, realizou-se um experimento para avaliar o efeito da adição de um adsorvente, baseado em bentonita sódica, na ração de frangos de corte, a fim de reduzir os efeitos de aflatoxinas. Foram utilizados 960 pintos Cobb de um dia de idade, distribuídos em oito repetições de 20 animais nos tratamentos: T1=sem aflatoxina;T2=3mg kg-1 de aflatoxina;T3=sem aflatoxina+0,5% de bentonita; T4=3mg kg-1 de aflatoxina+0,1% de bentonita; T5=3mg kg-1 de aflatoxina+0,3% de bentonita e T6=3mg kg-1 de aflatoxina+0,5% de bentonita. O consumo alimentar, o peso corporal e a conversão alimentar foram afetados pela presença da toxina na ração. A adição de bentonita sódica na ração sem aflatoxina não causou nenhum efeito depressivo nas aves. Nos tratamentos que continham 3mg kg-1 de aflatoxinas, a adição do adsorvente promoveu um melhor desempenho das aves, sendo que 0,3% de adição de bentonita apresentou melhores resultados.<br>High concentrations of micotoxins in raw materials, mainly in corn used in poultry rations of food, is an important subject of study due to hazardous problems not only to the animals themselves but also to the producer and to the poultry industry due to the reduction of performance by aflatoxins. Taking into account the lack of efficient tecnique for its elimination, from the feed, an adsorbent was added to the diets in order to reduce the effects of aflatoxins. Nine hundred sixty day old Cobb chicks, distributed in 8 replicates of 20 birds per pen the following treatments: T1=No aflatoxin; T2=3mg kg-1 of aflatoxin; T3=no aflatoxin+0.5% of bentonite; T4=3mg kg-1 of aflatoxin+0,1% of bentonite;T5=3mg kg-1 of aflatoxin+0.3% bentonite and T6=3mg kg-1 aflatoxin+ 0.5% of bentonite. Feed intake, body weight and feed conversion were depressed by aflatoxin in the feed. The addition of bentonite to the feed without aflatoxin did not caused negative effecs to the broilers. In treatments carried out with 3mg kg-1 of aflatoxins, the addition of the adsorbent promoted a better performance of the broilers with best results for those receiving 0.3% of bentonite