67 research outputs found
Educação permanente de docentes: análise crÃtica de experiências não sistematizadas
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Optimisation and modelling of supercritical CO2 extraction process of carotenoids from carrot peels
This work aimed to assess and optimise the extraction of carotenoids from carrot peels by supercritical CO2 (S-CO2), utilising ethanol as co-solvent. The evaluated variables were temperature, pressure and co-solvent concentration. According to the validated model, the optimal conditions for maximum mass yield (5.31%, d.b.) were found at 58.5 °C, 306 bar and 14.3% of ethanol, and at 59.0 °C, 349 bar and 15.5% ethanol for carotenoid recovery (86.1%). Kinetic experiments showed that 97% of the total extractable carotenoid content was recovered after only 30 min, whereas model fitting confirmed the fast extraction trend and desorbing nature of carotenoids from the sample matrix. The process is potentially scalable, as demonstrated by runs performed with a 10-fold initial sample size, which led to even higher recoveries (96.2%), indicating that S-CO2 can be as efficient as a conventional solvent extraction for recovering high value compounds from vegetable by-products
Schistosomiasis mansoni in Bananal (State of São Paulo, Brazil): IV. Study on the public awareness of its risks in the Palha District
Prevalence and risk factors for Hepatitis C and HIV-1 infections among pregnant women in Central Brazil
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are a major burden to public health worldwide. Routine antenatal HIV-1 screening to prevent maternal-infant transmission is universally recommended. Our objectives were to evaluate the prevalence of and potential risk factors for HCV and HIV infection among pregnant women who attended prenatal care under the coverage of public health in Central Brazil.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Screening and counselling for HIV and HCV infections was offered free of charge to all pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) in the public health system, in Goiania city (~1.1 million inhabitants) during 2004–2005. Initial screening was performed on a dried blood spot collected onto standard filter paper; positive or indeterminate results were confirmed by a second blood sample. HCV infection was defined as a positive or indeterminate sample (EIA test) and confirmed HCV-RNA technique. HIV infection was defined according to standard criteria. Factors associated with HIV and HCV infections were identified with logistic regression. The number needed to screen (NNS) to prevent one case of infant HIV infection was calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation method.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 28,561 pregnant women were screened for HCV and HIV-1 in ANC. Mean maternal age was 23.9 years (SD = 5.6), with 45% of the women experiencing their first pregnancy. Prevalence of HCV infection was 0.15% (95% CI 0.11%–0.20%), and the risk increased with age (p < 0.01). The prevalence of anti-HIV infection was 0.09% (95% CI 0.06%–0.14%). Black women had a 4.9-fold (95% CI 1.42–16.95) greater risk of HIV-1 infection compared to non-black women. NNS to prevent one case of infant HIV infection ranged from 4,141 to 13,928.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The prevalence of HIV and HCV infections were low among pregnant women, with high acceptability rates in the opt-in strategy in primary care. Older maternal age was a risk factor for HCV and antenatal HCV testing does not fulfill the requirements for screening recommendation. The finding of higher risk of HIV-1 infection among black women despite being in consonance with the HIV-1 ethnic pattern in some American regions cannot be ruled out to be a surrogate marker of socio-economic condition.</p
A model to optimize public health care and downstage breast cancer in limited-resource populations in southern Brazil. (Porto Alegre Breast Health Intervention Cohort)
Agenda para Intensificação da Atenção Nutricional à Desnutrição Infantil: resultados de uma pactuação interfederativa no Sistema Único de Saúde
CARBONO ORGÂNICO TOTAL E AGREGAÇÃO DO SOLO EM SISTEMA DE PLANTIO DIRETO AGROECOLÓGICO E CONVENCIONAL DE CEBOLA
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