EVALUATION OF VIABLE OPERATING STRATEGIES FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT BETWEEN FUNAAB CAMPUS AND CAMP TERMINUS IN ABEOKUTA

Transportation is a live wire for national development regardless of a nation industrial capacity, population or technological development. It gives expressions to policy initiative in areas like health, education, employment, etc., and in the absence of it, these facilities would be inaccessible. Viable operating strategies for public transport between Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), Ogun State Nigeria Campus and Camp Terminus in Abeokuta were evolved. Traffic study was conducted for seven (7) days to determine traffic volume and peak periods (morning and evening) along the route. Questionnaires were administered to the road users to obtain factors (availability of vehicles, travel time from Camp Terminus to FUNAAB, road condition, operational cost, comfortability of the vehicle) needed to generate operating strategies. These factors were subjected to statistical analysis. The traffic volume revealed that Private cab had the highest traffic flow for a.m. peak period (8: 00 – 9: 00 am) from Mondays to Thursdays while Public cab had the highest on Fridays to Sundays, and at the pm peak period (4:00 – 5:00 pm), Public cabs had the highest traffic volume on Wednesdays, Saturdays and Sundays while the Private cabs had the highest on the rest days of the week. The analysis of the sampled population showed that public cab had the least total time travel (36.1 minutes) followed by mini- bus (37.8 minutes) while the school bus had the highest (43.7 minutes) and this justified the reason why 40% of the population choose to travel by public cab, 33% by mini– bus  and 27% by the school bus. However, for the viability of the operating strategies, more public cab and min-buses should be provided to ply the road because of their lesser travel time, also provision of more school buses because of the large number of passengers they carry per trip should be provided.     &nbsp

Structural behaviour of metakaolin infused concrete structure

This work researched into the use of metakaolin as a partial substitute for cement in concrete, metakaolin was obtained by the calcination of kaolin clay to about 700 0C Cement was replaced with the metakaolin at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35% at water cement ratio of 0.5. Tests such as chemical analysis, compressive strength, flexural or modulus of rupture and bond strength were carried out on the concrete samples. Chemical analysis results showed that the metakaolin is a class “N” pozzolan, while the mechanical test showed that the strength of concrete increased from 5% to 20% replacement, and the strength peaked at 20%, but decreased above this value; concrete made with metakaolin performed better than the control sample at all the percentage replacements used in this work.Keywords: Metakaolin, Calcination, Pozzolan, Chemical test, Mechanical tes

Assessment of Calcium Carbide Waste and Calcined Clay as Stabilizer in Flexible Pavement Construction

Stabilization techniques have often been used globally to enhance properties of weak subgrade materials for flexible pavement construction. This study assessed the blend of calcium carbide waste (CCW) and calcined clay (CC) to serve as an effective stabilizer of Subgrade material (S) sourced from a section along Ota-Idiroko road. Subgrade material was initially modified with CCW in different percentage replacements by weight (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%) and the resulting blends were subjected to Atterberg’s limits test to determine the blend with optimum plasticity index reduction which would be tagged optimum subgrade lime blend (OSLB). The blend of S + 8% CCW was tagged OSLB because it exhibited optimum plasticity index reduction. The OSLB was thereafter blended by weight with CC in the following percentage replacements 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18% in order to activate the pozzolanic potentials of CC for strength enhancement. The resulting blends were subjected to Atterberg’s limits, Compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR) and Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests with the strength specimens cured for 0, 3, 7, 28, 56 and 90 days. The results showed that OSLB-CC blends reduced the Plasticity index from14.8 to 8.4 %, Maximum dry density from 1.82 to 1.54 Mg/m3, Optimum moisture content, 23.7 to 17.9 % and increased soaked CBR, 0 to 418.2% and UCS, 201.59 to 5660.84 kPa of natural subgrade respectively. Furthermore, the blends showed great improvement with reduction in PI less than standard value of 10% and increment in standard CBR and UCS values of 180% and 1700 kPa respectively for base course material. Therefore, stabilized blends at 7 days curing period could improve the natural subgrade to subbase and base for pavement construction

Comparative Biochemical and Physiological Effects of Fermented and Unfermented Soyabeans and African Locust Beans on Rats

The effect of fermented and unfermented soyabeans and African locust beans on albino rats were compared. Male growing albino rats (Wistar strain) were fed diets containing simulated amounts (by weight of a cube of locally manufactured flavouring condiment Dadawa cube) of fermented soyabean – Soyadawadawa fermented African locust bean (iru) condiments as well as unfermented soyabeans and unfermented African locust beans for 28 days. Biochemical, physiological and toxicopathological tests were carried out on serum and other tissues and organs. Food intake was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in rats fed Soyadawadawa containing diets than in rats fed fermented African locust beans. Water intake by the rats fed Soyadawadawa diets was also increased. Generally, the fermented products supported more growth of rats than the unfermented products. Values obtained for serum creatinine, alkaline phosphatase activities, serum cholesterol levels were lower for animals fed fermented products than for animals fed unfermented products. Soyadawadawa reduced total serum cholesterol level significantly (P < 0.05) at 1.1% usage in comparison with the control. The fermented and the unfermented products do not contribute to high blood pressure. Discovery and Innovation Vol. 13 no. 3/4 December (2001) pp. 234-242 KEY WORDS: soyabean, African locust bean, fermentation, toxicological parameters Résumé Les effets du soja fermenté et non fermenté et celui du haricot ont été évalués sur des souris blanches. Des jeunes mâles de souris blanches (souche Wistar) ont été soumis, pendant 28 jours, aux régimes avec des quantités simulées (par poids d`une briquette de condiments Dadawa en cubes fabriqués localement), à partir du soja fermenté—Soyadawadawa, et des condiments fabriqués à partir du haricot fermenté (iru) ci-dessus, de même qu`aux régimes de soja et de haricot non fermentés. Des tests biochimiques, physiologiques et toxicologiques ont été menés sur le sérum, et sur d`autres tissus et organes. Les quantités ingérées ont significativement augmenté (

Extracellular proteinases of BacNus spp. isolated from fermented African locust bean, Iru

Extracellular proteinase production by seven strains of Bacillus subtilis group isolated from fermented African locust bean was compared. The seven strains, which were designated BSl, BS2, BS3, BLl, BL2, BL4 and BP2, showed signi- ficant differences (cx=O.OS) in extracellular proteinases production. The order of proteolytic activity (in descending order) of the strains in nutrient broth medium containing African locust bean was: BL2 > BP2 > BS2 > BL4 > BS3 > BLl > BSl. The proteinases of strains BL2 were purified and characterized by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography. Three proteinases (serine proteinase, neutral proteinase and an esterase) were identified with MW of 18.2-19.7, 226 and 33.5 kDa, respectively. The serine proteinase was highly hydrophobic while the esterase was characterized by low specific activity

Evaluation of Blends of Calcium Carbide Waste and Iron Slag Dust as Stabilizer in Flexible Pavement Construction

Stabilization techniques have often been used globally to enhance properties of weak subgrade materials for flexible pavement construction. This study evaluated the blends of calcium carbide waste (CCW) and iron slag dust (ISD) as an effective stabilizer. Subgrade material sourced from a section along Ota-Idiroko road was initially modified with CCW in different percentage replacements by weight (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%) and the resulting blends were subjected to Atterberg limit test to determine the blend with optimum plasticity index reduction which would be tagged optimum subgrade lime blend (OSLB). The blend of S + 8% CCW was tagged OSLB because it exhibited optimum plasticity index reduction (14.8 to 8.7%). The OSLB was thereafter blended by weight with ISD in the following percentage replacements (3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18%) in order to activate the pozzolanicity of ISD for strength enhancement. The resulting blends were subjected to Atterberg limit, Compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR) and Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests with the strength specimens cured for 0, 3, 7, 28, 56 and 90 days. Results showed that OSLB-ISD blends increased Plasticity index of OSLB (8.7 to 13.1%), reduced Maximum dry density to 6% ISD (1.66 to 1.52 Mg/m3) and Optimum moisture content to 9% ISD ( 17.2 to 14.5%). Increases in 7 days soaked CBR between 3 to 9% ISD (100.1 to 141.5%) and UCS between 9 to 18% ISD (2298.02 to 3096.27 KPa) were observed. The CBR and UCS results showed that the stabilized blends at 7 days curing upgraded natural subgrade to subbase and base for pavement construction.&nbsp