Temporal and spatial fluctuations of populations of the freshwater snail Kawanina (Semisulcospira libertina) in streams: A survey using the “Kawanina trap”

カワニナを個体サイズや底質に関わらず採取できるトラップを作成し，それを用いて広島県東広島市を流れる二つの小河川を対象に，カワニナ個体群の時空間的変動に及ぼす環境要因について検討を行った。半自然河川の角脇川にトラップを仕掛け，5月～ 11月の経時変化を調べたところ，採取された個体数は期間を通じ地点により大きく異なっていた。この差は，水温や流速，BOD，pH では説明できず，河床材料との関係も明瞭ではなかったが，礫質の地点では個体数変動が少なく，殻径3mm未満の稚貝が多く捕獲された。コンクリート三面護岸化された半尾川では，角脇川に比べ非常に少数のカワニナしか捕獲されず，稚貝も1匹しか捕獲されなかったため，ほとんど繁殖が行われていないと考えられた。カワニナの生息に適した環境を評価するためには，個体サイズを考慮した調査を行うことが重要であり，本調査で用いたようなトラップは有効な手段となりうると思われる。This study aimed to elucidate the environmental factors that determine spatiotemporal fluctuations of populations of the freshwater snail Kawanina (Semisulcospira libertina) in two streams in Higashi-Hiroshima City based on a field survey using a trap designed for sampling regardless of the individual snail size or sediment. The changes from May to November in the semi-natural stream Kadowakigawa were investigated, and the number of individual snails captured by traps varied greatly depending on the site throughout the period. Differences in the numbers of captured snails could not be explained by differences in water temperature, water flow, BOD, pH, or riverbed materials between sites. However, the number of snails tended to be stable, and small individuals (< 3 mm) were frequently captured in the site with a stony riverbed. In the Hannogawa, a concrete-lined stream, only a very small number of Kawanina were captured by the trap compared to the Kadowakigawa, and only one young snail was captured by the trap during the investigation period, so the snail reproduction in this stream was considered to be unsuccessful. Quantitative studies considering the size structure of the population are important in assessing the suitability of a stream for the habitat of the snail. The “Kawanina trap” can be a useful tool for such research

小学生女子バレーボールクラブの監督の言葉かけに関する研究

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the manager\u27s words of elementary school girl\u27s volleyball clubs and to investigate the relations between the manager\u27s words and the member\u27s motivation to learn volleyball. The subjects were 63 members who were a first year students in junior high and who have been playing volleyball since they were in elementary schools. The investigations were performed from April to May in 2019. The manager\u27s words were largely classified by 2 categories, "affirmative" and "negative". The details of manager\u27s words were classified by 12 categories, "praise", "raise the morale", "cheer up", "advise", "change player\u27s feelings", "appreciate the pain", "admit", "run down", "abuse", "blame", "threaten" and "abandon". The member\u27s motivation to learn volleyball were classified by 7 factors, "learning strategy", "getting over the difficulties", "normative attitude", "perceived competence", "value", "playing intention", "emotion". The results were picked out as follows. 1) The members of more than 57% were frequently spoke affirmative words by managers. Those were words of "advise", "raise the morale", "change player\u27s feelings" and "cheer up". 2) The members of below 43% were frequently spoke negative words by managers. Those were words of "run down", "abuse", "blame", "threaten" and "abandon". 3) The average scores of motivation to learn volleyball of members who were spoke frequently affirmative words by managers were significantly higher than them who were not spoke frequently. 4) There was a significant positive correlation between the total scores of affirmative words by managers and the total scores of motivation to learn volleyball of members. 5) There was a significant positive correlation between the scores of "advise" and "admit" words by managers and the scores of "learning strategy" of members. 6) There was a significant positive correlation between the scores of "praise", "cheer up", "change player\u27s feelings" and "admit" words by managers and the scores of "value" of members. 7) There was a significant negative correlation between the scores of "abuse" and "abandon" words by managers and the scores of "perceived competence" of members

Establishing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation team increased number of patients and improved data recording

Abstract Background For patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), employing a well-coordinated, multidisciplinary team specializing in ECMO has reportedly been effective in delivering better clinical outcomes. This study aims to assess the impact of establishing such a specialized team for patients treated with ECMO. Method This retrospective cohort study was performed at a tertiary-care hospital in Japan. We reviewed medical records of all consecutive patients treated with ECMO during October 2010–September 2016. The results obtained in pre-ECMO team cases (PRE group; October 2011–September 2012) and post-ECMO team cases (POST group; October 2014–September 2015) were compared. Results The results obtained in pre-ECMO team cases (PRE group; October 2011–September 2012) and post-ECMO team cases (POST group; October 2014–September 2015) were compared. During the study period, 177 patients were treated with ECMO. Before the introduction of ECMO team, an average of 22.7 patients underwent ECMO treatment per year; after establishing ECMO team, this number increased to 36.3 patients per year. ECMO was applied mainly to cardiac arrest patients 52/69 (75%). The PRE (n = 27) and POST (n = 42) groups did not differ with regard to the survival rate to hospital discharge, ECMO duration, ventilator days, and length of hospital stay. However, PaO2 and positive end-expiratory pressure were significantly higher in the POST group at 6 h after ECMO initiation than those in the PRE group [367 (186–490) vs. 239 (113–430) mmHg, p = 0.047 and 8 (5–10) vs. 7 (5–8) cmH2O, p = 0.01, respectively]. In addition, data recording the detailed time points of ECMO initiation was conducted in significantly more cases in the POST group (28/126 (22%) than in the PRE group (6/81 (7%); p = 0.01). Conclusions Following the establishment of an ECMO team, the survival rate of patients treated with ECMO, ECMO duration, and length of hospital stay were not improved. However, the number of ECMO cases increased and the recording of clinical data was improved

Evaluation of dry matter production and yield in early-sown wheat using near-isogenic lines for the vernalization locus Vrn-D1

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield is predicted to decrease in the future because of an increase in air temperature globally. To clarify the effects of the vernalization response gene in wheat to warmer winters, we compared dry matter production and grain yield between spring wheat ‘Asakazekomugi’ and its winter-type near-isogenic line (NIL) carrying different alleles of the vernalization response gene Vrn-D1 under early-, standard-, and late-sowing conditions. Under early-sowing conditions, dry matter production of the NIL carrying the winter allele of Vrn-D1, named Asa (Vrn-D1b), exceeded that of ‘Asakazekomugi’ from mid-March (after stem elongation in Asa (Vrn-D1b)) when the temperatures rose. Tiller number and leaf area index under early-sowing conditions were consistently higher in Asa (Vrn-D1b) than in ‘Asakazekomugi’ from mid-March onward. It was suggested that the early-sown ‘Asakazekomugi’ could not effectively absorb solar radiation to produce dry matter because of the acceleration of stem elongation caused by the Vrn-D1 gene during the cold season. The grain yield of Asa (Vrn-D1b) with early sowing was higher than with standard sowing. In contrast, the grain yield of ‘Asakazekomugi’ was lower in the early-sown crop than in the crop sown at the standard date. These results suggested that the higher grain yield of Asa (Vrn-D1b) than that of ‘Asakazekomugi’ under early-sown conditions could be due to Asa (Vrn-D1b) maintaining high dry matter production after the jointing stage by suppressing acceleration of growth caused by warm conditions after sowing. Abbreviations CGR: crop growth rate; HI: harvest index; LAI: leaf area index; NIL: near-isogenic line; SNP: single-nucleotide polymorphis

Relationship between Serum Bortezomib Concentration and Emergence of Diarrhea in Patients with Multiple Myeloma and/or AL Amyloidosis

(1) Background: multiple myeloma patients have benefited from bortezomib therapy, though it has often been discontinued owing to diarrhea. The objective of this study was to verify serum bortezomib concentration in the emergence of diarrhea. (2) Methods: this prospective, observational case-control, and monocentric study was performed with an approval by the Ethics Committee of Kumamoto University Hospital in 2015 (No. 1121) from February 2015 to April 2017. (3) Results: twenty-four patients with bortezomib therapy were recruited; eight patients (33.3%) developed diarrhea at day 3 as median. Median measured trough bortezomib concentration at 24 h after first or second dose for patients with or without diarrhea was 0.87 or 0.48 ng/mL, respectively (p = 0.04, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Receiver operation characteristic (ROC) analysis produced the cut-off concentration of 0.857 ng/mL (area under the ROC curve of 0.797, sensitivity of 0.625, specificity of 0.875). The survival curves between patients with and without diarrhea were similar (p = 0.667); those between patients with higher and lower concentration than median value (0.61 ng/mL) were also similar (p = 0.940). (4) Conclusions: this study indicated the possible involvement of serum bortezomib concentration in the emergence of diarrhea in bortezomib therapy in patients with multiple myeloma

Hodnocení zdravotních rizik při požárech

Import 20/04/2006Prezenční výpůjčkaVŠB - Technická univerzita Ostrava. Fakulta hornicko-geologická. Institut bezpečnostního inženýrství (547