Resource Reservation protocol Tunnelling Extension in MPLS for sustainable Mobile Wireless Networks

Traffic Engineering (TE) is most effective in networks where some links are heavily utilized and have little or no bandwidth available while others carry little or no traffic. It is of great importance to the recent development of mobile and wireless technologies. Without the process of TE, there is possibilities of having under-utilization and over-utilization problems along the links. It is necessary to consider the implementation that would avoid the goal of network and unguaranteed bandwidth delivery. Therefore, the operators and service providers require seamless combination of network protocols with an improved quality of service (QoS). This paper will be focusing on Resource Reservation Protocol Tunnelling Extension Multiprotocol Layer Switching (RSVP-TE MPLS) for sustainable mobile wireless networks. This will make provision of bandwidth allocation possible by implementing the configurations of the dynamic and static LSPs (Label Switching Paths). The network model designed will be used for this purpose by using simulation approach. The verification of the MPLS model will be presented. It will eventually maximize bandwidth utilization, minimize operation cost and improve QoS

Some economic and socio-cultural factors associated with cerebral malaria among under-fives in Benin City, Nigeria.

Introduction: Risk factors associated with the occurrence of cerebral malaria in under fives are well documented. Outside these acknowledged factors of age, location, and nutrition, other socioeconomic/cultural factors could contribute to the maze of factors determining the occurrence of the morbidity. Methods: To unravel such factors a key informant interview was conducted among resident doctors in paediatrics at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Factors identified formed the basis of this cross-sectional, case control study involving 64 cases each of subjects and controls with uncomplicated malaria carried out at the Hospital. Such factors as delay in accessing competent intervention, prolonged use of anti-pyretics, material educational status, use of substandard medication and abdominal scarification as identified were evaluated in the two sets of patients. Others evaluated included mothers’ occupation and health seeking behaviours. Results: Factors found to be significantly associated with occurrence of cerebral malaria were initial treatment in clinics (X2 = 6.43, p = 0.011) presence of fresh abdominal scarification (X2 = 4.30, p=0.038) late presentation (X2 = 32.64; p=0.000) and non- use of mosquito nets (X2 = 9.14; p=0.002). Conclusion/Recommendations: Initial treatment either in clinics or non orthodox facilities contributed significantly to the occurrence of cerebral malaria. The implication of these is that pre- teaching hospital treatments were inadequate in managing the child meant to develop cerebral malaria. Attention should therefore be directed at these areas alongside use of mosquito nets if the objective is to minimise the occurrence of cerebral malaria.Key words: Cerebral malaria, Risk factors, Under fives, Economic factors & Socio-cultural factors

CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOMÉTRICA E MORFOLÓGICA DE CÉLULA ESPERMÁTICA DE CAPIVARA (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)

Spermatic cells were obtained from 50 slaughtered capybaras of 2 groups (G1 and G2) and then evaluated for morphological aspects at light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Spermatic cells were fixed with methanol (G1) or 10% neutral buffered formol saline (G2) on glass slides and then evaluated in regard to normal and abnormal morphology, as described by BLOM (1973). A total of 52,62% of those evaluated cells showed abnormal morphology distributed as major defects (28,20%) or minor defects (24,42%), grouped on head, tail or midpiece defects; those were confirmed with scanning electron microscopy. The mean length and width of spermatic cell head and midpiece, and tail length were characterized by morphometric evaluation, respectively, as (x ± sd) 6,85 + 0,81 µm and 4,00 + 2,53 µm, 6,97 + 2,53 µm and 1,53 + 0,27 µm and 44,20 + 8,03 µm. The evaluation of spermatic cells by transmission electron microscopy have shown extended head with condensed nuclear chromatin and extremely dense nucleus; the spermatic cells tail was similar to other mammals.Células espermáticas de capivara foram obtidas de epidídimos de 50 animais abatidos em matadouro e divididos em dois grupos distintos (G1 e G2) e avaliadas quanto à morfologia em microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e varredura. Células fixadas em lâminas de vidro com metanol (G1) e formol salino (G2) foram avaliadas para identificação de defeitos, classificados segundo BLOM (1973). Os achados do presente estudo demonstraram que 52,6% das células avaliadas apresentavam defeitos em sua morfologia, sendo estes distribuídos em defeitos maiores (28,20%) e menores (24,42%), e agrupados em defeitos de cabeça, cauda e peça intermediária. Os mesmos foram confirmados pela microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Através da avaliação morfométrica foi possível caracterizar o comprimento e a largura da cabeça e peça intermediária, e comprimento de cauda espermática (x ± sd) respectivamente, 6,85 + 0,81 µm e 4,00 + 2,53 µm, 6,97 + 2,53 µm e 1,53 + 0,27 µm e 44,20 + 8,03 µm. Pela microscopia eletrônica de transmissão caracterizou-se a cabeça espermática alongada, com cromatina nuclear condensada e núcleo extremamente denso; a cauda espermática demonstrou ser semelhante à de outros mamíferos

Aspectos morfométricos do tubo digestório de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) submetidos à privação alimentar.

Resumo 658-2. 24º Reunião Anual da FeSBE

Study of the electric field inside microchannel plate multipliers

Electric field inside high gain microchannel plate multipliers was studied. The calculations were based directly on the solution of the Maxwell equations applied to the microchannel plate (MCP) rather than on the conventional lumped RC model. The results are important to explain the performance of MCP's, (1) under a pulsed bias tension and, (2) at high rate conditions. The results were tested experimentally and a new method of MCP operation free from the positive ion feedback was demonstrated

Respostas hematológicas de Arapaima gigas (Pisces: Arapaimidae) parasitados naturalmente por protozoários e metazoários.

O presente estudo comparou os parâmetros sanguíneos de Arapaima gigas Schinz, 1822 de cultivo, parasitados por uma espécie de protozoário e três espécies de helmintos. Em uma das pisciculturas os peixes foram parasitados somente por Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora), enquanto na outra foram parasitados por I. multifiliis, Dawestrema cycloancistrium e Dawestrema cycloancistrioides (Monogenoidea) e Polyacanthorhynchus macrorhynchus (Acanthocephala). Determinou-se a contagem total de eritrócitos , trombócitos e leucócitos (total e diferencial), hematócrito, concentração de hemoglobina, volume corpuscular média (VCM), hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM), concentração da hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM), glicose e proteínas totais. Os peixes parasitados por I. multifiliis, D. cycloancistrium, D. cycloancistrioides e P. macrorhynchus mostraram menores valores de hematócrito, VCM e níveis de glicose, e maior concentração de hemoglobina, HCM, CHCM, número de eritrócitos , monócitos , neutrófilos e eosinófilos totais quando comparados aos peixes parasitados somente por I. multifiliis. Portanto, esses resultados indicam uma resposta desses parâmetr os sanguíneos ao parasitismo em A. gigas