Stress-associated cardiovascular reaction masks heart rate dependence on physical load in mice

When tested on the treadmill mice do not display a graded increase of heart rate (HR), but rather a sharp shift of cardiovascular indices to high levels at the onset of locomotion. We hypothesized that under test conditions cardiovascular reaction to physical load in mice is masked with stress-associated HR increase. To test this hypothesis we monitored mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate in C57BL/6 mice after exposure to stressful stimuli, during spontaneous locomotion in the open-field test, treadmill running or running in a wheel installed in the home cage. Mice were treated with beta1-adrenoblocker atenolol (2mg/kg ip, A), cholinolytic ipratropium bromide (2mg/kg ip, I), combination of blockers (A+I), anxiolytic diazepam (5mg/kg ip, D) or saline (control trials, SAL). MAP and HR in mice increased sharply after handling, despite 3weeks of habituation to the procedure. Under stressful conditions of open field test cardiovascular parameters in mice were elevated and did not depend on movement speed. HR values did not differ in I and SAL groups and were reduced with A or A+I. HR was lower at rest in D pretreated mice. In the treadmill test HR increase over speeds of 6, 12 and 18m/min was roughly 1/7-1/10 of HR increase observed after placing the mice on the treadmill. HR could not be increased with cholinolytic (I), but was reduced after sympatholytic (A) or A+I treatment. Anxiolytic (D) reduced heart rate at lower speeds of movement and its overall effect was to unmask the dependency of HR on running speed. During voluntary running in non-stressful conditions of the home cage HR in mice linearly increased with increasing running speeds. We conclude that in test situations cardiovascular reactions in mice are governed predominantly by stress-associated sympathetic activation, rendering efforts to evaluate HR and MAP reactions to workload unreliable

CLINICAL EFFICIENCY OF LEVOCETIRIZINE IN CHILDREN WITH SEASONAL ALLERGIC RHINITIS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION AND MORPHOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF EOSINOCYTES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD

Allergic pathology is widely spread among children. In order to perform an adequate therapy and minimize the risk of the side effects, it is essential to develop a differentiated approach of the practitioners towards the prescription of medications in view of their action on the pathological process, interaction with other medications, safety and efficiency data subject to the principles of the definitive medicine. The present article highlights the results of the clinical research of the second'generation antihistamine levocetirizine administration in the allergic rhinitis in children.Key words: allergic rhinitis, antihistamine medications, levocetirizine, action, efficiency, children

CLINICAL EFFICIENCY OF LEVOCETIRIZINE IN CHILDREN WITH SEASONAL ALLERGIC RHINITIS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION AND MORPHOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF EOSINOCYTES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD

Allergic pathology is widely spread among children. In order to perform an adequate therapy and minimize the risk of the side effects, it is essential to develop a differentiated approach of the practitioners towards the prescription of medications in view of their action on the pathological process, interaction with other medications, safety and efficiency data subject to the principles of the definitive medicine. The present article highlights the results of the clinical research of the second'generation antihistamine levocetirizine administration in the allergic rhinitis in children.Key words: allergic rhinitis, antihistamine medications, levocetirizine, action, efficiency, children

КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ЛЕВОЦЕТИРИЗИНА У ДЕТЕЙ С СЕЗОННЫМ АЛЛЕРГИЧЕСКИМ РИНИТОМ И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ СОСТАВ И МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ЭОЗИНОФИЛОВ ПЕРИФЕРИЧЕСКОЙ КРОВИ

Allergic pathology is widely spread among children. In order to perform an adequate therapy and minimize the risk of the side effects, it is essential to develop a differentiated approach of the practitioners towards the prescription of medications in view of their action on the pathological process, interaction with other medications, safety and efficiency data subject to the principles of the definitive medicine. The present article highlights the results of the clinical research of the second'generation antihistamine levocetirizine administration in the allergic rhinitis in children.Key words: allergic rhinitis, antihistamine medications, levocetirizine, action, efficiency, children.Аллергическая патология широко распространена среди детского населения. Для проведения адекватной терапии с минимизацией риска побочных явлений необходим дифференцированный подход практикующих педиатров к назначению лекарственных средств с учетом их механизма действия на патологический процесс, взаимодействия с другими препаратами, данных о безопасности и эффективности, основанных на принципах доказательной медицины. В предлагаемой статье представлены результаты клинического исследования антигистаминного препарата второго поколения левоцетиризина при аллергическом рините у детей.Ключевые слова: аллергический ринит, антигистаминные препараты, левоцетиризин, механизм действия, эффективность, дети. (Педиатрическая фармакология 2009;6(3):53-58)

Pharmacotherapy for heartburn during pregnancy: Safety of reserve drugs

Objective. To determine how frequently physicians prescribe H2B and PPIs to pregnant women in the Russian Federation (RF). To analyze regulatory documents for the use of drugs in this group in the RF and to make a systems analysis of the data available in the current literature on their safety during pregnancy. Subjects and methods. 332 therapists and 734 obstetricians/gynecologists were interrogated; the information contained in the Russian clinical guidelines, current manuals for obstetricians/gynecologists, Order No. 572н issued by the Ministry of Health of Russia, and medical use instructions were analyzed. Foreign and Russian articles published in the past decade and found in Pubmed on this topic were reviewed. Results. In heartburn, antacids, PPIs, and H2B are prescribed by 75.4, 6.7, and 6.2%, of physicians, respectively. Russian guidelines draw little attention to the safety of reserve drugs used to treat heartburn. The analysis of the instructions has shown that some manufacturers do not allow use of the drugs of this group during pregnancy. Conclusion. The results of recent trials enable one to consider H2B and PPIs to be rather safe agents during pregnancy; however, their clinical application in the RF is limited by the lack of clear clinical recommendations and inconsistency available in different manufacturers’ instructions. © Bionika Media Ltd

Analysis of approaches to treating seasonal allergic rhinitis in pregnant women

Approximately 20-30% of reproductive-aged women suffer from seasonal allergic rhinitis, the uncontrolled course of which during pregnancy can not only worsen the quality of life and the course of comorbidities, but also give rise to maternal and fetal hypoxia. Objective. To analyze approaches to treating seasonal allergic rhinitis in pregnant women. Subjects and methods. An anonymous questionnaire survey of physicians (332 therapists and 734 obstetricians/ gynecologists) was conducted within the study “Epidemiology of Medication Use in Pregnant Women” (Stage 2); the clinical guidelines of foreign and Russian professional societies for this problem were analyzed. Results. The physicians rarely indicated topical steroids (8.4%); first-generation antihistamines were the leaders (29.7%); the physicians less often indicated second-generation drugs, such as loratadine (13.8%) and cetirizine (10.7%). Conclusion. In accordance with the guidelines, the approach to treating allergic rhinitis in pregnant women should be the same as applied to other patients; an important part is assigned to nondrug therapies. By taking into account the high prevalence of this disease, it is appropriate to do educational work on this problem among physicians. © Bionika Media Ltd

Pharmacotherapy for heartburn during pregnancy: Safety of reserve drugs

Objective. To determine how frequently physicians prescribe H2B and PPIs to pregnant women in the Russian Federation (RF). To analyze regulatory documents for the use of drugs in this group in the RF and to make a systems analysis of the data available in the current literature on their safety during pregnancy. Subjects and methods. 332 therapists and 734 obstetricians/gynecologists were interrogated; the information contained in the Russian clinical guidelines, current manuals for obstetricians/gynecologists, Order No. 572н issued by the Ministry of Health of Russia, and medical use instructions were analyzed. Foreign and Russian articles published in the past decade and found in Pubmed on this topic were reviewed. Results. In heartburn, antacids, PPIs, and H2B are prescribed by 75.4, 6.7, and 6.2%, of physicians, respectively. Russian guidelines draw little attention to the safety of reserve drugs used to treat heartburn. The analysis of the instructions has shown that some manufacturers do not allow use of the drugs of this group during pregnancy. Conclusion. The results of recent trials enable one to consider H2B and PPIs to be rather safe agents during pregnancy; however, their clinical application in the RF is limited by the lack of clear clinical recommendations and inconsistency available in different manufacturers’ instructions. © Bionika Media Ltd

Analysis of approaches to treating seasonal allergic rhinitis in pregnant women

Approximately 20-30% of reproductive-aged women suffer from seasonal allergic rhinitis, the uncontrolled course of which during pregnancy can not only worsen the quality of life and the course of comorbidities, but also give rise to maternal and fetal hypoxia. Objective. To analyze approaches to treating seasonal allergic rhinitis in pregnant women. Subjects and methods. An anonymous questionnaire survey of physicians (332 therapists and 734 obstetricians/ gynecologists) was conducted within the study “Epidemiology of Medication Use in Pregnant Women” (Stage 2); the clinical guidelines of foreign and Russian professional societies for this problem were analyzed. Results. The physicians rarely indicated topical steroids (8.4%); first-generation antihistamines were the leaders (29.7%); the physicians less often indicated second-generation drugs, such as loratadine (13.8%) and cetirizine (10.7%). Conclusion. In accordance with the guidelines, the approach to treating allergic rhinitis in pregnant women should be the same as applied to other patients; an important part is assigned to nondrug therapies. By taking into account the high prevalence of this disease, it is appropriate to do educational work on this problem among physicians. © Bionika Media Ltd