Composite materials based on thermoplastic polymers and glass fabrics

The possibility of making prepreg based on thermoplastic polymers and glass fabrics melt technology is shown. The effective permeability coefficients when impregnated fiberglass various thermoplastic binders is experimentally determined. The effect of the exponent in the law of flow of the polymer melt at the effective permeability is shows. The range of admissible parameters prepreg production process is calculated. Experimental samples through glass fiber prepregs and the thermoplastic polymers are made

Проблеми ефективності законодавства України

Dubina, N.A. and Turuta, O.V. (2015), “Problems of the efficiency of Ukrainian legislation” [“Problemy efektyvnosti zakonodavstva Ukrainy”], Pravo i Bezpeka, No. 2, pp. 23–27.Дубина, Н. А. Проблеми ефективності законодавства України / Н. А. Дубина, О. В. Турута // Право і безпека. - 2015. - № 2 (57). - С. 23-27.Здійснено систематизацію поглядів стосовно причин виникнення юридичних колізій. Сформульовано негативні та позитивні аспекти їх існування. Визначено роль вказаного явища у національній правовій системі. Наведено перелік умов, необхідних для забезпечення ефективності законодавства. Проаналізовано вплив суспільної думки на правотворчий процес.Studying the problems of the efficiency of Ukrainian legislation is very relevant taking into account the current stage of development of the society, which is characterized by its integration into European political, economic and legal space. All this requires adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to European Union law. The current amendments in the legislation are characterized by complexity, inconsistency, instability that lead to the growth and occurrence of conflicts not previously known. Under such conditions there is an urgent issue related to the reasons for the emergence of legal conflicts and their existence in the legislation of Ukraine. The points of view concerning legal conflicts are systematized in this paper; the causes of their origin are singled out; their place and role in the national legal system are defined. The list of conditions that are necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the legislation is provided. It is noted that there is no and there will not be legal systems, which would be inherent such a phenomenon as legal conflicts. They reflect changes in the legal system or in its individual elements, objective modernize of government institutions and act as evidence of the normal process of development and functioning of the legal system. It is concluded that the effectiveness of the national legal system depends on a complex of factors. It is stated that to the low efficiency of legal norm may lead: first, its discrepancy to existing system of social relations; secondly, a negative evaluation of legal norm by the society; thirdly, contradictions of the newly adopted legal norm with already active, and between procedural norms, which are endowed with different or the same legal force.Систематизированы взгляды относительно причин возникновения юридических коллизий. Сформулированы негативные и позитивные аспекты их существования. Определена роль исследуемого явления в национальной правовой системе. Перечислены необходимые условия для повышения эффективности законодательства. Проанализировано влияние общественного мнения на правотворческий процесс

ДНК-технологии (молекулярное маркирование) в селекции томата на устойчивость к Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Relevance. The purpose of this work is to create new discrete competitive tomato genotypes based on modern biotechnological approaches with increased resistance to the tobacco mosaic virus, economically valuable traits and adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of cultivation in the southern regions of the Russian Federation.Methods. At the first stage of the study, SSR markers taken from literature sources were tested [1;2] and PCR conditions were optimized for the identification of target Tm genes (Tm2a, Tm22, providing resistance to tobacco mosaic virus at the tissue level) in the breeding material available in the department of vegetable and potato growing.Results. Two informative molecular markers Tms 37 and UMD 2060 were selected, which reveal the allelic difference between resistant and susceptible samples. Hybridization of FMS tomato lines with samples having the desired genes of interest in the genotype for obtaining tomato lines resistant to TMV was carried out. Seeds of paternal forms - donors of target genes were obtained for their further use in breeding work. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the discrete genetic material of Solanumlycopersicum, used in the breeding process, and preserving its functions in a new genetic environment.Актуальность. Целью данной работы является создание на основе современных биотехнологических подходов (молекулярное маркирование) новых конкурентоспособных генотипов томата с повышенной устойчивостью к вирусу табачной мозаики, хозяйственно-ценными признаками и адаптированных к почвенно-климатическим условиям выращивания в южных регионах РФ.Материал и методика. На первом этапе исследования выполнена апробация SSR-маркеров, взятых из литературных источников [1;2] и оптимизированы условия ПЦР для идентификации целевых генов Tm (Tm2a, Tm22, обеспечивающих устойчивость к вирусу табачной мозаики на тканевом уровне) в селекционном материале, имеющемся в отделе овощекартофелеводства.Результаты. Отобрано два информативных молекулярных маркера Tms 37 и UMD 2060, которые выявляют аллельную разницу между устойчивыми и восприимчивыми образцами. Проведена гибридизация ФМС-линий томата с образцами, имеющими в генотипе искомые гены интереса для получения резистентных к ВТМ линий томата. Получены семена отцовских форм – доноров целевых генов для дальнейшего их использования в селекционной работе. Научная новизна заключается в изучении дискретного генетического материала Solanum lycopersicum, используемого в селекционном процессе и сохраняющего свои функции в новом генетическом окружении

Human Skin Microbiota: High Diversity of DNA Viruses Identified on the Human Skin by High Throughput Sequencing

The human skin is a complex ecosystem that hosts a heterogeneous flora. Until recently, the diversity of the cutaneous microbiota was mainly investigated for bacteria through culture based assays subsequently confirmed by molecular techniques. There are now many evidences that viruses represent a significant part of the cutaneous flora as demonstrated by the asymptomatic carriage of beta and gamma-human papillomaviruses on the healthy skin. Furthermore, it has been recently suggested that some representatives of the Polyomavirus genus might share a similar feature. In the present study, the cutaneous virome of the surface of the normal-appearing skin from five healthy individuals and one patient with Merkel cell carcinoma was investigated through a high throughput metagenomic sequencing approach in an attempt to provide a thorough description of the cutaneous flora, with a particular focus on its viral component. The results emphasize the high diversity of the viral cutaneous flora with multiple polyomaviruses, papillomaviruses and circoviruses being detected on normal-appearing skin. Moreover, this approach resulted in the identification of new Papillomavirus and Circovirus genomes and confirmed a very low level of genetic diversity within human polyomavirus species. Although viruses are generally considered as pathogen agents, our findings support the existence of a complex viral flora present at the surface of healthy-appearing human skin in various individuals. The dynamics and anatomical variations of this skin virome and its variations according to pathological conditions remain to be further studied. The potential involvement of these viruses, alone or in combination, in skin proliferative disorders and oncogenesis is another crucial issue to be elucidated

An Integrated TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource to Drive High-Quality Survival Outcome Analytics

For a decade, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program collected clinicopathologic annotation data along with multi-platform molecular profiles of more than 11,000 human tumors across 33 different cancer types. TCGA clinical data contain key features representing the democratized nature of the data collection process. To ensure proper use of this large clinical dataset associated with genomic features, we developed a standardized dataset named the TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource (TCGA-CDR), which includes four major clinical outcome endpoints. In addition to detailing major challenges and statistical limitations encountered during the effort of integrating the acquired clinical data, we present a summary that includes endpoint usage recommendations for each cancer type. These TCGA-CDR findings appear to be consistent with cancer genomics studies independent of the TCGA effort and provide opportunities for investigating cancer biology using clinical correlates at an unprecedented scale. Analysis of clinicopathologic annotations for over 11,000 cancer patients in the TCGA program leads to the generation of TCGA Clinical Data Resource, which provides recommendations of clinical outcome endpoint usage for 33 cancer types

КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАКА МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ С ЭКСПРЕССИЕЙ РЕЦЕПТОРОВ СТЕРОИДНЫХ ПОЛОВЫХ ГОРМОНОВ И АМПЛИФИКАЦИЕЙ HER2

Since the  middle of the  previous  century  the  heterogeneity of breast cancer  became absolutely evident. This assumption was historically based on differences in clinical behavior and sensitivity to therapy. Treatment approach nowadays is based  primarily on clinical and morphological prognostic and predictive markers. Among morphologically derived markers the most  important are estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER2. Interestingly that tumors with expression of estrogen receptors and/or progesterone receptors that  showed also hyperexpression or amplification of HER2 have very poor outcome and low sensitivity to  all therapeutic  approaches.  Therefore we  want   to  summarize the  existing  clinical information that  is relevant to this topic.С середины прошлого  века рак молочной железы  принято считать высоко гетерогенной группой опухолей.  Гетерогенность основана на различном клиническом течении заболевания, а также на принципиально различной чувствительности к существующим терапевтическим подходам. В основе  клинических решений о выборе тактики лечения  на настоящий момент лежит сочетание  клинических и патоморфологических прогностических и предиктивных маркеров. Наибольшую роль  среди  морфологических предиктивных маркеров играют рецепторы эстрогенов, прогестерона и  эпидермального фактора роста HER2-neu. При этом клиническая группа, характеризующаяся проявлением всех  трех  маркеров,  характеризуется относительно неблагоприятным прогнозом и невысокой чувствительностью к существующим  лекарственным методам.  Авторам  представляется интересным суммировать имеющиеся данные  о клинических особенностях данного типа опухолей  молочной железы

Microfluidic droplet platform for ultrahigh-throughput single-cell screening of biodiversity

© 2017, National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.Ultrahigh-throughput screening (uHTS) techniques can identify unique functionality from millions of variants. To mimic the natural selection mechanisms that occur by compartmentalization in vivo, we developed a technique based on single-cell encapsulation in droplets of a monodisperse microfluidic double water-in-oil-in-water emulsion (MDE). Biocompatible MDE enables in-droplet cultivation of different living species. The combination of droplet-generating machinery with FACS followed by next-generation sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the secretomes of encapsulated organisms yielded detailed genotype/phenotype descriptions. This platform was probed with uHTS for biocatalysts anchored to yeast with enrichment close to the theoretically calculated limit and cell-to-cell interactions. MDE-FACS allowed the identification of human butyrylcholinesterase mutants that undergo self-reactivation after inhibition by the organophosphorus agent paraoxon. The versatility of the platform allowed the identification of bacteria, including slow-growing oral microbiota species that suppress the growth of a common pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, and predicted which genera were associated with inhibitory activity

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts