Artificial Intelligence and the Expirience of Corporeality

The article analyzes the experience of the corporeality’s feeling of a person in the context of the development of artificial intelligence. It is noted that on the basis of this experience are possible two vectors of reasoning, one of which is focused on the uniqueness of a person’s being and “feeling of oneself ”, and the other is directed to the incarnation of artificial intelligence and the form of the Other.В статье анализируется опыт телесного переживания человека в контексте развития искусственного интеллекта. Отмечается, что на основании этого опыта возможны два вектора рассуждения, один из которых сосредоточен на уникальности бытия человека и «чувстве самого себя», а другой обращен к воплощенности искусственного интеллекта и облику Другого

Сутність і структура тіньової економіки

Сомова, В. О. Сутність і структура тіньової економіки / Валентина Олегівна Сомова, Вікторія Анатоліївна Фурса // Актуальні питання забезпечення фінансової безпеки держави в умовах глобалізації : зб. тез доп. Міжнар. наук.-практ. конф. (м. Харків, 17 лют. 2022 р.) / МВС України, Харків. нац. ун-т внутр. справ, Наук. парк «Наука та безпека». – Харків : ХНУВС, 2022. – С. 61-63.Тіньова економіка за своєю сутністю є складним суспільно-економічним явищем, пов’язаним із незаконним привласненням суб’єктом економічної діяльності частини створеної вартості або частини майна через різноманітні спотворення достовірної інформації про рух грошових коштів та матеріальних цінностей, поданням неправдивої інформації первинного обліку для приховування джерел оподаткування.The shadow economy is essentially a complex socio-economic phenomenon associated with the misappropriation of economic activity of part of the value created, or part of the property due to various distortions of reliable information about the movement of cash and valuables, providing false primary accounting information for concealment sources of taxation.Теневая экономика по своей сути является сложным общественно-экономическим явлением, связанным с незаконным присвоением субъектом экономической деятельности части созданной стоимости или части имущества через различные искажения достоверной информации о движении денежных средств и материальных ценностей, представлением ложной информации первичного учета для сокрытия источников налогообложения

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ДВУХЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ РЕНТГЕНОВСКОЙ АБСОРБЦИОМЕТРИИ И БИОИМПЕДАНСОМЕТРИИ В ОЦЕНКЕ КОМПОНЕНТНОГО СОСТАВА ТЕЛА ПАЦИЕНТОВ НА ПРОГРАММНОМ ГЕМОДИАЛИЗЕ

The aim of the study. Compare the efficiency of the use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DRA) and bioimpedansometry (BIM) in the evaluation of the body composition of hemodialysis patients.Patients and methods. 67 patients on hemodialysis, among which 23 men and 44 women aged 54±14,4 years. BIM and DRA were used to evaluate the body composition.Results. The results of determining the total muscle mass of the body obtained by the results of DFA and BIM were compared with the use of the Bland-Altman method. The correlation coefficient between the indices was R=0,994, p<0,0001, delta (M±s) was –0,48±0,91 kg, CI 95% (–0,71)…(–0,26) kg.Conclusion. DRA does not have significant advantages over tetrapolar multifrequency BIM when assessing the body composition in hemodialysis patients. Цель исследования: сравнить эффективность использования двухэнергетической рентгеновской абсорбциометрии (ДРА) и биоимпедансометрии (БИМ) в оценке компонентного состава тела гемодиализных пациентов.Материалы и методы: обследовано 67 пациентов, получающих лечение программным гемодиализом (ГД), среди них 23 мужчины и 44 женщины, средний возраст 54±14,4 года. Для оценки компонентного состава тела использовали БИМ и ДРА.Результаты. Результаты определения общей мышечной массы тела, полученной по результатам ДРА и БИМ сравнили с использованием метода Блэнда–Альтмана. Коэффициент корреляции между показателями составил r=0,994, p<0,0001, дельта (M±s) составила –0,48±0,91 кг, ДИ 95% (–0,71)… (–0,26) кг.Заключение: ДРА не имеет значимых преимуществ по сравнению с тетраполярной мультичастотной БИМ при оценке компонентного состава тела у больных на гемодиализе.

Epidemiological features of whooping cough in a large area of Yekaterinburg

The purpose of the study is to study the epidemiological features of pertussis infection at the present stage to determine the key directions for improving the epidemiological surveillance system.Цель исследования – изучить эпидемиологические особенности коклюшной инфекции на современном этапе для определения ключевых направлений совершенствования системы эпидемиологического надзора

Stent-assisted coiling of acute ruptured cerebral aneurysms

The necessity of quick surgical treatment of acute ruptured cerebral aneurysms was demonstrated in large studies by the ISAT and ISUIA, which also proved the advantage of the endovascular method over the surgical one. Ballonassistence is widely used in treatment of aneurysms with wide neck and unfavorable vascular anatomy, but the radicality of the treatment is insufficient. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of stent-assisted embolization of «acute» cerebral aneurysms. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the treatment of 234 patients with «acute» cerebral aneurysms was carried out. Results. Only coils were used in 40.6 % of cases (n = 95), balloon-assistance, in 40.2 % of cases (n = 94), and stent-assistance, in 19.2 % of cases (n = 45). There were 11.5 % (n = 27) clinically significant complications. Total aneurysm occlusion (Raymond-Roy I) was achieved in 187 cases (79.9 %); the radicality at the control examination was 67.1 % (157 patients). Discussion. The radicality of the treatment with stents was slightly higher then with balloons and coils at the end of operation (84.4 %, n = 38 and 78.8 %, n = 149, p > 0.05), but it was significantly higher at the control examination (80.0 %, n = 36 and 60.8 %, n = 115, respectively, p <0.05). Also, we had no statistically significant difference of the complication rate in the «stent» and «no stent» groups; therefore, the clinical outcomes of endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms did not depend on the choice of treatment method. Conclusions. Intracranial stents allow achieving good results of the embolization of complex aneurysms in the acute period of intracranial hemorrhage without increasing the risk of surgical treatment

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules (THYCOVID): a retrospective, international, multicentre, cross-sectional study

Background Since its outbreak in early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has diverted resources from non-urgent and elective procedures, leading to diagnosis and treatment delays, with an increased number of neoplasms at advanced stages worldwide. The aims of this study were to quantify the reduction in surgical activity for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic; and to evaluate whether delays in surgery led to an increased occurrence of aggressive tumours.Methods In this retrospective, international, cross-sectional study, centres were invited to participate in June 22, 2022; each centre joining the study was asked to provide data from medical records on all surgical thyroidectomies consecutively performed from Jan 1, 2019, to Dec 31, 2021. Patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules were divided into three groups according to when they underwent surgery: from Jan 1, 2019, to Feb 29, 2020 (global prepandemic phase), from March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021 (pandemic escalation phase), and from June 1 to Dec 31, 2021 (pandemic decrease phase). The main outcomes were, for each phase, the number of surgeries for indeterminate thyroid nodules, and in patients with a postoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancers, the occurrence of tumours larger than 10 mm, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastases, vascular invasion, distant metastases, and tumours at high risk of structural disease recurrence. Univariate analysis was used to compare the probability of aggressive thyroid features between the first and third study phases. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05178186.Findings Data from 157 centres (n=49 countries) on 87 467 patients who underwent surgery for benign and malignant thyroid disease were collected, of whom 22 974 patients (18 052 [78 center dot 6%] female patients and 4922 [21 center dot 4%] male patients) received surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules. We observed a significant reduction in surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the pandemic escalation phase (median monthly surgeries per centre, 1 center dot 4 [IQR 0 center dot 6-3 center dot 4]) compared with the prepandemic phase (2 center dot 0 [0 center dot 9-3 center dot 7]; p<0 center dot 0001) and pandemic decrease phase (2 center dot 3 [1 center dot 0-5 center dot 0]; p<0 center dot 0001). Compared with the prepandemic phase, in the pandemic decrease phase we observed an increased occurrence of thyroid tumours larger than 10 mm (2554 [69 center dot 0%] of 3704 vs 1515 [71 center dot 5%] of 2119; OR 1 center dot 1 [95% CI 1 center dot 0-1 center dot 3]; p=0 center dot 042), lymph node metastases (343 [9 center dot 3%] vs 264 [12 center dot 5%]; OR 1 center dot 4 [1 center dot 2-1 center dot 7]; p=0 center dot 0001), and tumours at high risk of structural disease recurrence (203 [5 center dot 7%] of 3584 vs 155 [7 center dot 7%] of 2006; OR 1 center dot 4 [1 center dot 1-1 center dot 7]; p=0 center dot 0039).Interpretation Our study suggests that the reduction in surgical activity for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic period could have led to an increased occurrence of aggressive thyroid tumours. However, other compelling hypotheses, including increased selection of patients with aggressive malignancies during this period, should be considered. We suggest that surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules should no longer be postponed even in future instances of pandemic escalation.Funding None.Copyright (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Ways of modernization of informational training for university students

The article substantiates the need for informatization of education in general, and higher professional education in particular, requiring the modernization of forms, methods and content of information training of students in the light of the implementation of the program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”. The article presents the ways of improving the informational training of university students. The research methods are as follows: analysis of literature, documents, and electronic resources; observation, questioning of participants in the educational process, methods of mathematical statistics. The analysis shows that the project-based method of training, monitoring and control of the content of electronic resources, the integrated use of distant learning systems, online software for collaborative work, the implementation of artificial intelligence technology in education will allow to form the media literacy of future specialists that meets the modern requirements of the economy and society. The study was conducted on the basis of S.A. Yesenin Ryazan State University in various areas and profiles of education. One of the types of project activities based on modern digital technologies is a hackathon. The goal of such a project is to develop and create a media product in a given professional field. This can be a website, an application, or an interactive software. A team of students is working on a socially significant task. Preparing students for the project-based work by using modern digital technologies has shown its effectiveness for being included in the “Startup as a Degree” Program. The final qualification work prepared in this format may represent a project that is in demand in the field of professional activity. The experimental work of the study was carried out by dividing students into a control group and an experimental group. The range, difference, and significance of changes in the level of informational training in the control and experimental groups were evaluated by the Fischer – Yates criterion. The analysis of individual and collective projects developed by the students, the qualitative analysis of the students’ answers from the both groups to the questions of questionnaires and tests showed that the students of the experimental group revealed a higher level of readiness for professional activity, self-study, self-education, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed approach

Dynamics of activity and duration of functioning of cryopreserved cryoextract, placental cells and fragments in the organism of experimental animals.

Background. Due to the fact that the regenerative medicine has been actively developing, an actual task is to study the features of functioning of biological objects in a patient’s body. Objective. The aim was to study the dynamics of human chorionic gonadotropin, alphafetoprotein secretion and biodegradation in an organism of experimental animals of cryopreserved cryoextract, suspension of cells and fragments of human placenta. Methods. After administering the cryopreserved extract, fragments and suspension of placental cells to experimental animals we determined the content of alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin at days 1-3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60; the site of cryopreserved placental fragment transplantation was histologically examined. Results. After application of cryopreserved placental cryoextract, the test compounds were identified in the highest concentration on the first day, the period of complete elimination from the blood of animals was limited by a week. After application of cryopreserved placental cells and fragments a slow increase of the alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations were observed. Maximal concentration was detected during the first week, a gradual decrease was observed to the 28th day in case of cells and 60 days – placental fragments. The results of histological study of implanted placental fragment and surrounding tissues showed preserved typical for placental villous structure; they has been determined in a body of experimental animals for a long time (up to 60 days) and. Conclusion. The acellular object (placental cryoextract) was demonstrated to cause a pronounced and maximum effect in the first day after administration, their impact on a body was limited by a week. The introduction of placental cellular and tissue structures results in a more gradual release of the studied substances, the duration of their identification is 4-9 times longer. Our findings are crucial in selecting the cryopreserved biological objects of placental origin depending on the disintegration degree when administering them in the certain clinical situation

Динаміка активності та тривалості функціонування кріоконсервованих кріоекстракту, клітин та фрагментів плаценти в організмі експериментальних тварин

Background. Due to the fact that the regenerative medicine has been actively developing, an actual task is to study the features of functioning of biological objects in a patient’s body. Objective. The aim was to study the dynamics of human chorionic gonadotropin, alphafetoprotein secretion and biodegradation in an organism of experimental animals of cryopreserved cryoextract, suspension of cells and fragments of human placenta. Methods. After administering the cryopreserved extract, fragments and suspension of placental cells to experimental animals we determined the content of alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin at days 1-3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60; the site of cryopreserved placental fragment transplantation was histologically examined. Results. After application of cryopreserved placental cryoextract, the test compounds were identified in the highest concentration on the first day, the period of complete elimination from the blood of animals was limited by a week. After application of cryopreserved placental cells and fragments a slow increase of the alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations were observed. Maximal concentration was detected during the first week, a gradual decrease was observed to the 28th day in case of cells and 60 days – placental fragments. The results of histological study of implanted placental fragment and surrounding tissues showed preserved typical for placental villous structure; they has been determined in a body of experimental animals for a long time (up to 60 days) and. Conclusion. The acellular object (placental cryoextract) was demonstrated to cause a pronounced and maximum effect in the first day after administration, their impact on a body was limited by a week. The introduction of placental cellular and tissue structures results in a more gradual release of the studied substances, the duration of their identification is 4-9 times longer. Our findings are crucial in selecting the cryopreserved biological objects of placental origin depending on the disintegration degree when administering them in the certain clinical situation.Определение секреции хорионического гонадотропина и альфафетопротеина проводили на 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60-е сутки после введения крысам криоконсервированных криоэкстракта, клеток и фрагментов плаценты, в эти же сроки проводили гистологическое исследование места трансплантации криоконсервированного фрагмента плаценты. После введения криоконсервированного криоэкстракта плаценты исследуемые соединения выявляются в максимальной концентрации в первые сутки, продолжительность их определения ограничивается неделей. Введение клеточных и тканевых структур плаценты приводит к более плавному высвобождению исследуемых веществ, продолжительность их обнаружения в 4-9 раз дольше. Результаты исследования структуры имплантированных фрагментов плаценты и окружающих тканей показали, что они достаточно длительное время (до 60 суток) определяются в организме экспериментальных животных, сохраняя типичную для плаценты ворсинчатого структуру.Визначення секреції хоріонічного гонадотропіну і альфафетопротеїну проводили на 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60-ту добу після введення щурам кріоконсервованих екстракту, клітин і фрагментів плаценти; проводили гістологічне дослідження місця трансплантації кріоконсервованого фрагменту плаценти. Після введення кріоконсервованого екстракту плаценти досліджувані сполуки виявляються у максимальній концентрації у першу добу, тривалість їхнього визначення обмежується тижнем. Введення клітинних і тканинних структур плаценти приводить до більш плавного вивільнення досліджуваних речовин, тривалість їхнього виявлення в 4-9 разів довше. Результати дослідження структури імплантованих фрагментів плаценти і оточуючих тканин показали, що вони досить тривалий час (до 60 діб) визначаються в організмі експериментальних тварин, зберігаючи типову для плаценти ворсинчасту структуру