5,933 research outputs found
VEILING LAWS AND AFFILIATED PROTESTS IN IRAN
Veiling laws in Iran are the obligation for women to wear hijabs or headscarves and are based on Muslim religious beliefs that women must cover their head to remain modest and submit themselves to God.1 The Quran is not explicit on the topic of hijabs or headscarves and, as a result, some followers interpret it as a personal preference and others interpret it as a requirement.2 Iranâs veiling laws have been the topic of great scrutiny due to a horrific event that occurred on September 13, 2022, where a young woman, Mahsa Amini, was accused by the police of improperly wearing a headscarf.3 This led to her being arrested and beaten so brutally that she slipped into a coma and died only a couple days later.4 Mahsa Aminiâs death has led to protests around Iran.5 These protests have become increasingly violent and resulted in thousands of Iranian citizens being injured, imprisoned, and killed.6 Further, it led to Iran being removed from the United Nations (UN) Commission on the Status of Women.7 This article will discuss in further detail the history of the veiling laws from their implementation up to current events and the future implications of these laws
Signatures of non-locality in the first-order coherence of the scattered light
The spatial coherence of an atomic wavepacket can be detected in the
scattered photons, even when the center-of-mass motion is in the quantum
coherent superposition of two distant, non-overlapping wave packets. Spatial
coherence manifests itself in the power spectrum of the emitted photons, whose
spectral components can exhibit interference fringes as a function of the
emission angle. The contrast and the phase of this interference pattern provide
information about the quantum state of the center of mass of the scattering
atom.Comment: 5 pages, one figure, submitted to Laser Physics, special issue in
memory of Herbert Walthe
Inductively guided circuits for ultracold dressed atoms
Recent progress in optics, atomic physics and material science has paved the way to study quantum effects in ultracold atomic alkali gases confined to non-trivial geometries. Multiply connected traps for cold atoms can be prepared by combining inhomogeneous distributions of DC and radio-frequency electromagnetic fields with optical fields that require complex systems for frequency control and stabilization. Here we propose a flexible and robust scheme that creates closed quasi-one-dimensional guides for ultracold atoms through the âdressingâ of hyperfine sublevels of the atomic ground state, where the dressing field is spatially modulated by inductive effects over a micro-engineered conducting loop. Remarkably, for commonly used atomic species (for example, 7Li and 87Rb), the guide operation relies entirely on controlling static and low-frequency fields in the regimes of radio-frequency and microwave frequencies. This novel trapping scheme can be implemented with current technology for micro-fabrication and electronic control
Measurement of shower development and its Moli\`ere radius with a four-plane LumiCal test set-up
A prototype of a luminometer, designed for a future e+e- collider detector,
and consisting at present of a four-plane module, was tested in the CERN PS
accelerator T9 beam. The objective of this beam test was to demonstrate a
multi-plane tungsten/silicon operation, to study the development of the
electromagnetic shower and to compare it with MC simulations. The Moli\`ere
radius has been determined to be 24.0 +/- 0.6 (stat.) +/- 1.5 (syst.) mm using
a parametrization of the shower shape. Very good agreement was found between
data and a detailed Geant4 simulation.Comment: Paper published in Eur. Phys. J., includes 25 figures and 3 Table
Interactions of Heavy Hadrons using Regge Phenomenology and the Quark Gluon String Model
The search for stable heavy exotic hadrons is a promising way to observe new
physics processes at collider experiments. The discovery potential for such
particles can be enhanced or suppressed by their interactions with detector
material. This paper describes a model for the interactions in matter of stable
hadrons containing an exotic quark of charges or
using Regge phenomenology and the Quark Gluon String Model. The influence of
such interactions on searches at the LHC is also discussed
Radio-frequency dressed state potentials for neutral atoms
Potentials for atoms can be created by external fields acting on properties
like magnetic moment, charge, polarizability, or by oscillating fields which
couple internal states. The most prominent realization of the latter is the
optical dipole potential formed by coupling ground and electronically excited
states of an atom with light. Here we present an experimental investigation of
the remarkable properties of potentials derived from radio-frequency (RF)
coupling between electronic ground states. The coupling is magnetic and the
vector character allows to design state dependent potential landscapes. On atom
chips this enables robust coherent atom manipulation on much smaller spatial
scales than possible with static fields alone. We find no additional heating or
collisional loss up to densities approaching atoms / cm compared
to static magnetic traps. We demonstrate the creation of Bose-Einstein
condensates in RF potentials and investigate the difference in the interference
between two independently created and two coherently split condensates in
identical traps. All together this makes RF dressing a powerful new tool for
micro manipulation of atomic and molecular systems
Matter-wave interferometry in a double well on an atom chip
Matter-wave interference experiments enable us to study matter at its most
basic, quantum level and form the basis of high-precision sensors for
applications such as inertial and gravitational field sensing. Success in both
of these pursuits requires the development of atom-optical elements that can
manipulate matter waves at the same time as preserving their coherence and
phase. Here, we present an integrated interferometer based on a simple,
coherent matter-wave beam splitter constructed on an atom chip. Through the use
of radio-frequency-induced adiabatic double-well potentials, we demonstrate the
splitting of Bose-Einstein condensates into two clouds separated by distances
ranging from 3 to 80 microns, enabling access to both tunnelling and isolated
regimes. Moreover, by analysing the interference patterns formed by combining
two clouds of ultracold atoms originating from a single condensate, we measure
the deterministic phase evolution throughout the splitting process. We show
that we can control the relative phase between the two fully separated samples
and that our beam splitter is phase-preserving
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