Assessment of drought resistance in sorghum CMS lines based on various sterility sources

Background. Global climate changes have recently led to a more frequent occurrence of adverse factors and a decrease in the productivity of major crops. Sorghum is a highly drought-resistant crop that can tolerate long-term soil and air droughts with much lower harvest losses than wheat or barley. It is important to understand physiological mechanisms affecting drought tolerance when breeding efforts are aimed at improving the adaptability to abiotic conditions and productivity of sorghum hybrids.Materials and methods. Twenty sterile lines of grain sorghum with 8 types of CMS were studied in 2019 and 2020 in the arid conditions of Saratov Province. Indicators of the leaf water regime were assessed according to VIR’s guidelines. Statistical processing of the research results was performed using the AGROS 2.09 software.Results. The indicators of the leaf water regime that reflected differentiated responses of the CMS-line plants to the prevailing water and temperature stressors during the critical flowering period for sorghum were analyzed. Four CMS lines were identified according to the chosen set of indicators: they manifested 71.13–72.02% of total water content, 5.26–9.08% of water deficit, and 57.40–83.17% of water retention capacity on average for the two years of research. For the first time, the effect of CMS in sorghum on the manifestation of water regime indicators was registered. In isonuclear CMS lines, the greatest effect on drought resistance was shown by cytoplasm A3 versus A4 (with the Zheltozernoe 10 genome), cytoplasm A5 versus A1 (with the Karlik 4v genome), and M35-1A versus the analog on cytoplasm 9E (with the Pischevoe 614 genome).Conclusion. It is shown that genetically different types of sterility can be used in breeding practice to increase the resistance to abiotic stressors in components of F1 crosses and hybrids

Assessment of the risks of changes in brachiocephalic vessels according to ultrasound examination of patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Introduction. In the medical literature, there is not enough work on the impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the development of atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries and venous dysgemenia. For the purpose of early diagnosis of vascular complications, further study of extracranial vessels in patients with OSA is necessary.Aim. To study the chances of changes in brachiocephalic vessels by ultrasound examination in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Materials and methods. A survey was carried out of 88 patients. The results of anthropompetry, polysomnography and ultrasound examination of brachiocephalic vessels were evaluated.Results and discussion. New data were obtained on the severity of macroangiopathy, an increase in the peak systolic blood flow velocity in the internal jugular veins, and an increase in the diameters of the vertebral veins in patients with sleep apnea. It was also found that in patients with OSA, the chances of having a wide diameter of the common carotid artery (CCA) on both sides and the internal carotid artery on the left are more than 3 times higher, the probability of thickening of the intima-media complex in the area of the CCA and its bifurcation is more than on the left 3.5 times and the chances of macroangiopathy are 3 times higher in comparison with the examined patients without apnea.Conclusion. Timely assessment of the entire spectrum of pathological changes in the brachiocephalic vessels in patients with OSA will make it possible to diagnose early signs of atherosclerotic lesions of the arteries, venous dysfunction at the extracranial level

Acute mitral chodae rupture in the early postcovid in heavy physical active men. Case series

The opinion that COVID-19 is a greater threat only to the elderly people has changed over the past year. Experience has been accumulated in the development of complications of varying severity in young patients who had optimal health indicators before infection. The consequences of myocarditis are most dangerous, especially in athletes and military personnel. We present a series of clinical cases of spontaneous mitral valve chordae rupture in highly trained middle-aged men in the early post-COVID period. In all cases, the infection proceeded subclinically; SARS-CoV-2 was verified only by analysis for IgM. 1–2 weeks after infection, against the background of a routine training process, patients felt pain in the heart area, which was underestimated. Patients presented for help at 2 and 10 weeks with complaints of reduced endurance and shortness of breath. Echocardiography revealed rupture of one of the chords of the anterior part of the mitral valve against the background of signs of myocarditis with the development of valvular insufficiency of the 1st degree. By the time of treatment, the pathology of other laboratory data and ECG was not observed. The control after 6 months showed in 1 patient a focus of myocardial fibrosis according to MRI, a minimal increase in NT-proBNP, a decrease in exercise tolerance, in 2 patients there was no visible fibrosis, normal NT-proBNP and complete restoration of exercise tolerance, but a decrease in local myocardial deformation according to echocardiography

Digital therapeutics as an innovative area of logopedic work

В статье рассматривается перспективное направление цифровой терапии в восстановлении речи у пациентов с афазией.The article deals with the promising area of digital therapeutics for rehabilitation of the speech function in patients with aphasia

Volunteer movement through the eyes of students-defectologists

В статье рассматривается волонтерская деятельность в Федеральном центре мозга и нейротехнологий (ФЦМН) и перспективы развития добровольческого движения.The article highlights the main aspects of the development of volunteer activities in the modern and historical terms and considers the legislative acts regulating the activities of volunteers and volunteer organizations. The article presents the results of a study summarizing the experience of volunteers at the FSBI “Federal Brain and Neurotechnologies Centre” of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia during the re-profiling of the Center into an infectious diseases hospital for the treatment of patients with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and at the present time

Real-Time Measurement of F-Actin Remodelling during Exocytosis Using Lifeact-EGFP Transgenic Animals

F-actin remodelling is essential for a wide variety of cell processes. It is important in exocytosis, where F-actin coats fusing exocytic granules. The purpose of these F-actin coats is unknown. They may be important in stabilizing the fused granules, they may play a contractile role and promote expulsion of granule content and finally may be important in endocytosis. To elucidate these functions of F-actin remodelling requires a reliable method to visualize F-actin dynamics in living cells. The recent development of Lifeact-EGFP transgenic animals offers such an opportunity. Here, we studied the characteristics of exocytosis in pancreatic acinar cells obtained from the Lifeact-EGFP transgenic mice. We show that the time-course of agonist-evoked exocytic events and the kinetics of each single exocytic event are the same for wild type and Lifeact-EGFP transgenic animals. We conclude that Lifeact-EGFP animals are a good model to study of exocytosis and reveal that F-actin coating is dependent on the de novo synthesis of F-actin and that development of actin polymerization occurs simultaneously in all regions of the granule. Our insights using the Lifeact-EGFP mice demonstrate that F-actin coating occurs after granule fusion and is a granule-wide event

Evaluation of the impact of unhealthy nutrition on the intestinal microbiota, mitochondrial function and the formation of multiple organ metabolic syndrome, ways of correction

BACKGROUND: The problem of metabolic syndrome is considered a demographic catastrophe. According to WHO experts,«by 2025, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in the world will amount to more than 300 million people, and in the next 25 years it is expected to increase by 50%.» The pathophysiological mechanisms of MS formation and the role of unhealthy diet on the development of intestinal dysbiosis, mitochondrial insufficiency remain unclear.AIM: To study the effect of unhealthy diet on the state of the intestinal microbiota and the development of metabolicmitochondrial insufficiency in the formation of a multi-organ metabolic syndrome, evaluation of ways of correction.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical picture assessment, anthropometric data (body mass index), laboratory results (glucose, cholesterol and fractions) were carried out in patients with MS, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, lipid peroxidation indicators: malondialdehyde, diene conjugates, schiff bases, hydroperoxides, catalase, superoxide dismutase, succinate dehydrogenase (ASDH), α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (α-AGFDH). Hemorheological parameters were evaluated by the apparent viscosity of blood, the yield strength, the aggregation coefficient of erythrocytes and platelets. The microbiota and microbiome of the intestine were evaluated by species, strain composition and the level of metabolites-propionic, butyric, acetic acid, lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans. A questionnaire was conducted to study the nature of nutrition.RESULTS: The study included 128 patients with MS and 25 healthy individuals. According to medical outpatient records from anamnesis, questioning of each patient, complaints and clinical picture, 26.2% of patients had type 2 diabetes, 3.74% of men had erectile dysfunction, 7.5% of women had polycystic ovaries, 15.1% had night apnea syndrome, 8.7% hyperuricemic syndrome, 96.5% of patients had metabolic fatty liver steatosis. According to the results of the survey, it was revealed that 99.8% of patients adhered to an unhealthy and unbalanced, high-calorie diet, 46.4% of patients had a low level of physical activity, 48.7% had an average. The revealed disorders of lipid, carbohydrate metabolism, microbiota and intestinal microbiome were associated with increased lipid peroxidation, decreased levels of antioxidant defense enzymes, indicators reflecting mitochondrial function against the background of hemorheological disorders.CONCLUSION: In multi-organ MS, unhealthy diet can be considered as a targeted risk factor triggering pathophysiological mechanisms at the level of the intestinal microbiota, followed by a cascade of metabolic disorders in the form of activation of lipid peroxidation with inhibition of antioxidant defense enzymes, the development of multi-organ mitochondrial insufficiency and the development of latent hemorheological syndrome. The revealed metabolic complex obviously constitutes a multiorgan morphological cluster underlying the development of multi-organ metabolic syndrome. Based on the identified disorders, pathogenetically justified correction of MS should include a balanced diet with mitochondrial protective therapy

Новые области применения компьютерной томографии сердца в диагностике ишемии миокарда

MSCT is known for its extremely high diagnostic accuracy in coronary artery stenosis detection and quantification. However, there are still questions about physiological assessment of myocardial ischemia, since the degree of arterial stenosis and clinical outcomes do not always correlate. It is also noted that the exclusive use of functional non-invasive tests to assess the grade of stenosis can lead to false-negative results and worsen the long-term prognosis of cardiovascular events. Thus, the combined use of anatomical and functional tests can improve the prognosis in coronary heart disease patient. MSCT coronary angiography, combined with stress perfusion and/or CT derived fractional flow reserve, could be used as an all-in-one approach. This review describes new applications of cardiac MSCT.КТ-коронарография показала высокую диагностическую точность в диагностике ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС) и стенозов венечных артерий. Тем не менее остаются вопросы функциональной оценки ишемии миокарда, так как степень стеноза артерий и клинические исходы не всегда коррелируют, а оценка гемодинамической значимости стенозов коронарных артерий остается сложной. Отмечено, что исключительное проведение функциональных неинвазивных тестов для оценки возможных стенозов может приводить к ложноотрицательным результатам и, как следствие, ухудшать долгосрочный прогноз вероятности кардиоваскулярных событий. Таким образом, сочетанное применение анатомической и функциональной оценки венечных артерий может улучшить прогноз пациентов с ИБС. В качестве единого (“всё-в-одном”) метода обследования может выступать КТ-коронарография н, дополненная стресс-перфузией и/или измерением фракционного резерва кровотока.Данный обзор представляет собой описание новых методов диагностики ишемии миокарда при проведении КТ коронарных сосудов при стабильной ИБС и перспективы их применения

Distance education as viewed by students-defectologists

The rapidly changing reality of the modern world dictates its own rules. Out of the blue, information-technological opportunities have not just become a helping tool in the education process but, literally, a salvation in relocating education onto Internet platforms, thus actualizing the opportunities and specific features of distant education, its advantages and disadvantages, problem solutions and development trajectories. The article deals with these debatable issues in terms of the attitude to distance education of teachers and students. It contains the data obtained by the study of effectiveness of organization of the education process under the conditions of distance education carried out by the master's degree students of the Defecto-logical Faculty of Moscow State Peda-gogical University.В статье рассматривается восприятие дистанционного образования преподавателями и студентами Московского педагогического государственного университета

Возможности реабилитации детей с синдромом ДЦП с применением роботизированных устройств и биологической обратной связи

This article overviews and systemizes published data on the ways of implementing different methods of biofeedback, robotic devices, and brain-computer interfaces (BCI) for rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy (CP).Aim. To survey implementation practices and clinical outcomes of rehabilitation technologies and possible neurophysiological mechanisms underlying their efficacy in patients with CP. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and eLIBRARY.ru databases for relevant publications using specified keywords.Results. The analysis of relevant literature has shown that robotic technologies and BCIs with biofeedback based on electroencephalography and electromyography parameters are rapidly developing and implemented for the rehabilitation of children with CP. The first evidence of effectiveness for such methods and approaches has been found. However, there is a lack of fully developed conventional standards for the use of such rehabilitation methods and protocols in children. Control groups comprising of children with CP are often absent in such studies. In many cases, the variations of neurophysiological and neurochemical parameters before and after a course of rehabilitation are not evaluated. Having such data would help clarify physiological mechanisms underlying effective rehabilitation of motor functions and then design more adequate rehabilitation procedures and medication protocols.Обзор литературы посвящен систематизации имеющихся данных о применении методики биологической обратной связи, роботизированных устройств и интерфейсов «мозг – компьютер» в реабилитации детей с синдромом детского церебрального паралича (ДЦП).Цель – изучить опыт применения, клиническую эффективность реабилитационных технологий у пациентов с ДЦП и возможные нейрофизиологические механизмы, лежащие в их основе. Поиск по ключевым словам (дети, ДЦП, биологическая обратная связь, роботизированные устройства, интерфейс «мозг – компьютер», экзоскелеты) был проведен с использованием баз научной литературы Pubmed, Web of Science,  eLIBRARY.ru.Результаты. Проведенный анализ данных литературы показывает, что в настоящее время в реабилитации детей с синдромом ДЦП активно развивается применение роботизированных устройств и интерфейсов «мозг – компьютер» с биологической обратной связью по параметрам электроэнцефалограммы и электромиограммы. Получены первые доказательства эффективности указанных методов и подходов. В то же время не полностью разработаны стандарты использования таких методов в реабилитационной практике и протоколы работы с детьми. Не всегда создавались контрольные группы из детей с ДЦП. Во многих исследованиях не оценивалась динамика нейрофизиологических и нейрохимических показателей до и после курса реабилитации. Такие данные позволили бы уточнить физиологические механизмы восстановления моторных функций и более корректно подходить к назначению реабилитационных процедур и медикаментозного лечения