NEURO-MECHANICAL METHODS OF CONTROL AND DIAGNOSTICS OF THE TECHNICAL STATE OF AIRCRAFT ENGINE TV3-117 IN FILM REGIONS

 Предметом дослідження в статті є режими роботи авіаційного двигуна ТВ3-117 та методи їх контролю і діагностики. Мета роботи – розробка методів контролю і діагностики технічного стану авіаційного двигуна ТВ3-117 на основі нейромережевих технологій у режимі реального часу. В статті вирішуються наступні завдання: обґрунтування передумов застосування нейронних мереж у задачі контролю і діагностики технічного стану авіаційного двигуна ТВ3-117, побудова узагальненої нейронної мережі та вибір алгоритму її навчання, розв’язок задачі контролю параметрів технічного стану авіаційного двигуна ТВ3-117 із застосуванням нейронних мереж. Використовуються такі методи: методи теорії ймовірностей і математичної статистики, методи нейроінформатики, методи теорії інформаційних систем та обробки даних. Отримано наступні результати: Обґрунтовано доцільність застосування нейронних мереж у задачі контролю і діагностики технічного стану авіаційного двигуна ТВ3-117. Обґрунтовано доцільність розробки нейронних мереж на базі на базі нейрорегулятора NN Predictive Controller. Обґрунтовано доцільність застосування градієнтного методу навчання нейронних мереж, а також розроблено метод навчання нейрорегулятора на основі нейромодулятора із застосуванням методу зворотного поширення помилки. Отримано розв’язок задачі контролю параметрів технічного стану авіаційного двигуна ТВ3-117, який підтверджує доцільність застосування нейронних мереж у задачі контролю і діагностики технічного стану авіаційного двигуна ТВ3-117. Висновки: Застосування нейромережевих технологій э ефективним при розв’язку широкого кола погано формалізованих задач, однією з яких є задача контролю технічного стану авіаційного двигуна ТВ3-117. Перевагою нейронних мереж при їх застосуванні у задачах контролю і діагностики технічного стану авіаційного двигуна ТВ3-117 є можливість роботи з малими навчальними вибірками, призначенням м’яких допусків, використанням досвіду експертів для оцінки технічного стану авіаційного двигуна ТВ3-117, що є важливим в умовах неповноти інформації.Ключові слова: авіаційний двигун, нейронна мережа, технічний стан, контроль і діагностикаThe subject of the study in the article is the modes of operation of the aircraft engine TV3-117 and methods of their control and diagnostics.  The purpose of the work is to develop methods of control and diagnostics of the technical condition of the aircraft engine TV3-117 on the basis of neural network technologies in real time.  The following tasks are solved: substantiation of the preconditions of the use of neural networks in the task of control and diagnostics of the technical condition of the aircraft engine TV3-117, construction of the generalized neural network and the choice of the algorithm for its training, the solution of the task of controlling the parameters of the technical condition of the aircraft engine TV3-117 with the use of neural networks.  The following methods are used: methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics, methods of neuroinformatics, methods of the theory of information systems and data processing.  The following results were obtained: The feasibility of using neural networks in the task of controlling and diagnosing the technical condition of the aircraft engine TV3-117 was substantiated.  The expediency of developing neural networks based on the NN Predictive Controller. The expediency of using the gradient method of teaching neural networks is substantiated, as well as the method of training a neuro-regulator based on a neuro-modulator with the use of the method of reverse error propagation.  The expediency of using the gradient method of teaching neural networks is substantiated, as well as the method of training a neuro-regulator based on a neuro-modulator with the use of the method of reverse error propagation. The solution of the task of controlling the parameters of the technical condition of the aircraft engine ТВ3-117, which confirms the expediency of using neural networks in the task of control and diagnostics of the technical condition of the aircraft engine TV3-117, is obtained. Conclusions: The application of neural network technologies is effective in solving a wide range of poorly formalized tasks, one of which is the task of controlling the technical condition of the aircraft engine TV3-117. The advantage of neural networks in their application in the tasks of control and diagnostics of the technical condition of the aircraft engine TV3-117 is the possibility of working with small training samples, the appointment of soft tolerances, using the experience of experts to assess the technical condition of the aircraft engine TV3-117, which is important in the condition’s information incompleteness.Keywords: engine, neural network, technical condition, control and diagnosi

Biological Peculiarities of Landscape Design in Cottage Gardens of the Right-Bank Part of Zaporizhzhya

The choice of architectural planning, selection of plants, small architectural forms, materials, decor and other elements of landscaping has a certain dependence on the region. Therefore, identifying certain features of the design of gardens in a particular region can be useful for landscape designers who work on that location. The article is devoted to the analysis of design solutions of 5 cottage gardens on the right bank of Zaporozhye. The study was conducted using the method of comparative analysis of master plans for landscaping and landscaping of selected cottages. It is established that all surveyed areas have a flat relief, which eliminates the need for vertical planning. Regularity prevails in the architectural planning of gardens. The planning of the surveyed estates has two directions namely, decorative and decorative-utilitarian. Features of the decorative direction are the variety of ornamental vegetation, the presence of ponds, exquisite flower beds, the use of various garden equipment and decor. For gardens of decorative and utilitarian orientation is characterized by the presence of farm buildings, gardens, fruit and berry plantations, which are formed taking into account the decorative and nutritional qualities. The common features of all surveyed cottage gardens can be considered the emphasized design style, restraint and conciseness in planning and economy due to the successful selection of unpretentious plants and equipment. Landscape designers of the region can be asked at the first stage of planning to do functional zoning of the garden; the range of vegetation to select from local species and well-adapted exotics of small size; from flower beds to choose the easiest to create and care for; reservoirs, vertical and container landscaping are limited

Treatment of clubfoot in young children with arthrogryposis by Ponseti method: possibilities and perspectives

Background. Clubfoot is the most common deformity in arthrogryposis and is characterized by a high degree of rigidity and a tendency to relapse. At present, no consensus exists on the issue of treatment of this pathology. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the possibilities of Ponseti method for the treatment of clubfoot in the younger children with arthrogryposis. Material and methods. The study was based on an analysis of treatment outcomes in 64 children (124 feet) under 3 years. 50 patients (78%) had a congenital multiple arthrogryposis, 14 children (22%) had a distal form of the disease. All the children underwent conservative treatment using Ponseti method. Results. After phased plastering by Ponseti method, the children with congenital multiple arthrogryposis aged under 1 year demonstrated correction of deformity components in 25 (48%) feet and the children from 1 to 3 years in 4 (8.7%) feet. Phased plastering in the children under 1 year with the distal form of the disease resulted in the correction in all 7 (100%) feet. In the patients with a similar form of the disease aged from 1 to 3 years, correction was achieved in 3 (23%) feet. In the cases of incomplete correction of deformity elements, when the possibilities of phased plastering were exhausted, different surgical interventions were performed. However, in neither case the surgery to remove talus was required. Conclusion. Ponseti method is most effective for the treatment of clubfoot in the children of the first year. Application of this method allows for elimination of clubfoot or significant reduction of the volume of subsequent surgery

A clinical case of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus

The pancreas belongs to the glands of mixed secretion and simultaneously performs both endo- and exocrine functions. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is the general name for the malabsorption process caused by inadequate production and decreased activation of the enzymes of the pancreas acinar cells, such as amylase, lipase and protease, which are necessary for digestion. The prevalence of EPI in patients with type 1 diabetes, according to many authors, varies from 25 to 59%, which is determine by the data of pancreatic elastase-1. In this work, we present a clinical case of confirmed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in a patient with a 6-year history of type 1 diabetes, which became the main cause of the development of episodes of hypoglycemia after meals. In the course of further studies, antibodies to lactoferrin and a reduced prostate volume, determined by MRI data, high levels of antibodies to glutamate decarboxylase and zinc co-transporter 8, as well as residual insulin secretion based on the level of C-peptide on an empty stomach detected

Slowly evolving, immune-mediated diabetes in 14-year-old patient: a case report

Slowly developing immune-mediated diabetes, often called latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies (ATs) to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), the patient's age at the onset over 35 years, and the absence of the need for insulin therapy for 6-12 months to 6 years from the moment of diagnosis, according to the WHO classification of 2019, refers to hybrid forms of diabetes mellitus (DM). In this article, we present a case history of slowly developing immune-mediated diabetes in a 14-year-old boy who was transferred from metformin monotherapy and a diet with restriction of digestible carbohydrates to the intensified insulin therapy only 4 years after the onset of diabetes mellitus with a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of less than 6.5% throughout the disease. As a result of the studies, the patient was found to have a homozygous genotype highly predisposing to the development of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), as well as increased levels of ATs to GADA and tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2A). The initially preserved level of basal C-peptide and the clinical course of the disease in this patient do not allow us to classify this case as a classic variant of the course of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Long-term β-cells autoimmune destruction markers persistence and residual C-peptide secretion in type 1 diabetes mellitus

Backgraund: It believed that autoimmune process maintained only during the first 5 years of diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D). Recently scientists discovered the high levels of islet autoantibodies (Ab) in long-standing T1D and some of these patients had residual insulin secretion, determined by the level of C-peptide. According to various sources, the prevalence of such observations ranges from 12 to 48%.Aims: The aim of our study was to assess the duration of autoimmune β-cells destruction markers persistence and residual fasting C-peptide secretion in the long-standing T1D, as well as to determine the possible causes and patterns of these processes.Materials and methods: In the study included 237 patients (91 men, 146 women) with T1D. Patients divided in 4 groups, according to disease duration: а — up to 1 year, n=69 (29%); b — 1–5 years, 52 (22%); c — 5–10 years, 57 (24%); d — more than 10 years, 59 (25%). Ab to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), tyrosine phosphatase-like IA-2 (IA2) and zinc T8 (ZnT8A) were detected by Enzyme Immunoassay. Also detected C-peptide levels and retrospectively HbA1с.Results: Antibodies to antigens of β-cell components were detected in 26 (37%) patients in group A, in 17 patients (33%) in group B, in 15 (29%) in group C and in 14 (23%) — G.In the control group (n = 19), an increased level of antibodies was not revealed. Fasting C-peptide levels were as follows: in group «A» — 0.86 ng / ml [0.53; 1.4], «B» — 0.65 ng / ml [0.27; 0.98], « B «- 0.19 ng / ml [0.17; 0.33],» D «- 0.01 ng / ml [0.01; 0.01]. However, in 13 (22%) patients in group D, fasting C-peptide levels were more than 0.09 ng / ml.Conclusion: The data obtained indicate a long-term persistence of markers of the autoimmune process in patients with T1DM. In groups with a long (more than 5 years) course of T1DM, levels of fasting C-peptide more than 30 pmol/L (0.09 ng / ml or 0.03 nmol / L) were noted in 39 (33.6%) cases

Magnetoimpedance of CoFeCrSiB Ribbon-Based Sensitive Element with FeNi Covering: Experiment and Modeling

Soft magnetic materials are widely requested in electronic and biomedical applications. Co-based amorphous ribbons are materials which combine high value of the magnetoimpedance effect (MI), high sensitivity with respect to the applied magnetic field, good corrosion stability in aggressive environments, and reasonably low price. Functional properties of ribbon-based sensitive elements can be modified by deposition of additional magnetic and non-ferromagnetic layers with required conductivity. Such layers can play different roles. In the case of magnetic biosensors for magnetic label detection, they can provide the best conditions for self-assembling processes in biological experiments. In this work, magnetic properties and MI effect were studied for the cases of rapidly quenched Co67Fe3Cr3Si15B12 amorphous ribbons and magnetic Fe20Ni80/Co67Fe3Cr3Si15B12/Fe20Ni80 composites obtained by deposition of Fe20Ni80 1 μm thick films onto both sides of the ribbons by magnetron sputtering technique. Their comparative analysis was used for finite element computer simulations of MI responses with different types of magnetic and conductive coatings. The obtained results can be useful for the design of MI sensor development, including MI biosensors for magnetic label detection. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: This research was funded by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, grant number FEUZ-2020-0051, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, grant number АААА-А19-119070890020-3, Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, grant number 02. A03.21.0006

The role of the gut microbiota in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus

At the beginning of the XXI century, with the advent of technical capabilities and new methods of genes sequencing, the attention of researchers to the study of the human metagenome has significantly increased. The interaction between changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the gut microbiota (GM) and various diseases is being actively studied, a search for specific metabolites and genes of microorganisms that may be associated with the development, in particular, of immune-mediated diseases is underway. In recent years, a lot of new data have been published on the possible contribution of gut flora dysbiosis to the development of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), while the first assumptions were put forward as far back as 1970s. The search for pathogenetic mechanisms of GM influence on the development and progression of T1DM is becoming an increasingly relevant objective, since in recent years the incidence of T1DM is rapidly increasing, which is a serious health problem throughout the world.This review discusses the current ideas about the role of GM in the immunopathogenesis of T1DM, new data on the near-term prospects in the study of the human macrogenome, current ideas about the role of GM in the immunopathogenesis of T1DM, and the possibility of applying this knowledge by the practitioner

The local antibiotic therapy efficiency ground for the complex treatment of patients suffering from chronic generalized periodontitis

The polymorphisms of TNF-αgene in G(-308)→A in patients suffering from chronic generalized periodontitis were studied in connection with the local antibiotic therapy of periodontal tissues efficiency. The conducted course of antibiotic treatment ,that was administered with a glance for periodontal pocket microflora sensitivity to antibiotics, was established to be less effective in the patients suffering from chronic generalized periodontitis and being carriers of pathological polymorphisms «G / G» and «G / A» than in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis, carriers of the polymorphism A / A.Изучены полиморфизмы гена TNF-a при G(-308)→ A у больных хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом в ассоциации с эффективностью местной антибактериальной терапией тканей пародонта. Было выявлено, что у больных хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом, являющихся носителями патологических полиморфизмов «G/G» и «G/A», проводимое антибактериальное лечение, назначаемое с учётом чувствительности микрофлоры пародонтального кармана к антибиотикам, менее эффективно, чем у больных хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом, являющимися носителями полиморфизма а/а

Analysis of the dynamics and structure of morbidity of athletes of the national teams of Moscow based on the results of medical examination

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the structure and dynamics of morbidity of athletes, members of sports teams of the city of Moscow based on the results of an in-depth medical examination in the period 2017–2021.Materials and methods: The data of the medical examination of athletes, which took place at the Moscow scientific and Practical Center for Medical Rehabilitation, restorative and sports medicine, including instrumental, functional and laboratory studies from 2017 to 2021, were analyzed. In 2017, 15176 athletes were examined, in 2018 and 2019, 11200, in 2020, 10080 people and in 2021–11922 athletes.Results: The results of the study showed an increase in the proportion of amenorrhea within the triad of athletes, an increase in general therapeutic morbidity, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, among which the proportion of secondary hyperbilirubinemia in 2021 increased 3 times compared to 2020, which, in our opinion, is also due to the impact of the pandemic and quarantine restrictions.The high prevalence of ophthalmological morbidity of athletes and changes in the cardiovascular system is shown. During 2017–2021, a change in the structure of cardiac morbidity was revealed in the form of an increase in the proportion of cardiac arrhythmias and hypertensive response to stress.An increase in the endocrine morbidity of athletes in 2021 was revealed due to an increase in the proportion of hypothyroidism and more frequent detection of hyperthyroidism, possibly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which requires further research.There was also an increase in diseases of the skin and genitourinary system in athletes. Psychological problems of athletes increased during the observation period from 2017 to 2021. There was no significant dynamics of surgical and traumatological diseases, otolaryngological pathologу.Conclusion: The results of the study indicate the importance of regular full-fledged examination of athletes, identification of various functional disorders and diseases for their timely prevention and treatment in order to preserve the health of athletes and improve athletic performance