393 research outputs found
Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy of Prednisolone in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases with Different Dosage Methods
Aim: to investigate the clinical efficacy of two methods of oral dosing of prednisolone (in mg and mg/kg) for the induction of remission for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) using the technology of constructing and evaluating the effectiveness function (dose-effect relationship).Material and methods. In this study were included 86 patients aged from 18 to 65 years with moderate or severe active inflammatory bowel disease (61 — UC, 25 — CD). All patients were treated with prednisolone at an initial daily dose from 30 to 60 mg with a subsequent tapering of dose. The clinical response to treatment was evaluated at the time of complete withdrawal of prednisolone using the generally accepted criteria. Two efficiency functions were constructed, compared and analyzed: the first — at the initial dosage of prednisolone in mg and the second calculating the dose in mg/kg of patient weight. The patients' body weight ranged from 41 to 98 kg. The “dose-effect” relationship for prednisolone was constructed with statistical transformation of the baseline clinical data and a quantitative expression of the actual doses and alternative responses into a graph of the effectiveness function. The mean value at each point was estimated based on the regression kernel scoring method.Results. Two graphs of the “dose-effect” of prednisolone in mg and mg/kg of patient weight were constructed. The optimal clinically effective dose (OCED) when calculated in mg/kg of weight was 0.70 ± 0.01 (0.68 + 0.72) mg/kg with the corresponding effect 79.25 ± 6.26 (66.62 91.88) %. When two graphs in mg and mg / kg of weight were superimposed, it is shown that when an initial dose of 40 mg is prescribed without taking into account the patient's weight, the effect of therapy will be 25 % lower. Prescribing a dose of 60 mg per day without weight will be optimal for patients with a body weight of 85-90 kg. With a lower body weight, the clinical effect will not decrease, but the likelihood of recognized side effects of prednisolone should be expected in proportion to the decrease in body weight.Conclusion. The clinical efficacy of two methods of prednisolone dosing (mg and mg/kg) for patients with IBD during the first induction course was compared.Using a new technology for constructing and evaluating the effectiveness function (dose-effect relationship) allowed us to prove a reliable relationship between the body weight of patients with the clinical effect of prednisolone in patients with UC and CD. Based on the analysis of the dose-effect relationship, the optimal clinically effective dose of prednisolone for patients with UC and CD during the first induction course was established, equal to 0.70 mg/kg, which can be recommended for use in clinical practice for calculating individual doses
Application of IT in the formation of sustainable reporting of business entities
The article deals with information technologies applied in the formation of sustainable reporting of business entites and provides a review of current information solutions and their development trends.
Authors analyze the current situation in the field of non-financial reporting in the Russian Federation.
To improve the competitiveness of companies and industries, strengthen the business reputation of organizations, authors proposed to develop a digital platform that is cabaple to create, publish, store of non-financial reports, go through the verification process.peer-reviewe
Epithets in Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel Never Let Me Go status and perspectives
The paper focuses on the analysis of the status of the epithet in the contemporary literary text of K. Ishiguro. The pertinence of the study stems from the fact that in Western linguistics, there is no tradition to consider the epithet as a distinct and independent stylistic means, and its main features have not been widely distinguished; in some cases, researchers endow the epithet with the function of the characters’ personality descriptio
ORGANIZATION OF INTEGRATIVE CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH ONCOPATHOLOGY
Clinical testing (providing of integrative care) was conducted to determine the methodology for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients who were previously denied in other hospitals. Defined the methodological approaches to the choice of the treatment, causing minimal harm to patients in other health care organizations were offered only symptomatic or palliative therapy.The purpose of the study:– improvement the quality of life;– increasing the terms of survival;– reduction of depressive state with confirmation of the diagnosis;– reducing the negative effects of the treatment.Patients and methods. In clinical trials 47 patients with stage IV of disease were involved, including in the integrative treatment group was 25 patients (16 women and 9 men), the group standard of treatment, 22 patients (15 women and 7 men). The group consisted of the patients with recurrences of the tumours, and patients after primary treatment at a late stage of the disease. The combination of all possible types of treatment (standard methods of treatment, immune therapy with drug “Helixor® M”, psychological assistance) was performed depending on the disease defined by the overall clinical picture and psychological readiness of patients to one or another form of therapy. The choice of the injection scheme in order to quickly transition to a maximally tolerated doses was carried out using the control functional state.Results. The use of this method in comparison with the control group showed improvement in the quality of life of patients and increase in terms of survival.Conclusion. The results that are obtained during clinical testing confirmed the positive effect of integrative treatment of patients with oncologic pathology when choosing the best course and combination of treatments, depending on the needs and course of the disease. Also the immunotherapy with drug “Helixor® M” showed efficacy in the treatment of viral infections for patients with tumors and without them
Affective disorders in patients with metabolic syndrome
The research was conducted among 625 patients aged from 25 to 70years with abdominal obesity (51,2 % women and 48,8 % men). Affective disorders (depressed mood) were revealed in 42,9 % of patients with various metabolic syndrome (MS) components. Affective disorders caused appearance and further advance of MS components, having negative influence on its course. At the increase of duration of existence of separate MS components the depressions were diagnosed more often
ЗАХИСТ КАРТОПЛІ ВІД ШКІДЛИВИХ ОРГАНІЗМІВ
The Colorado potato beetles and aphids are especially harmful pests for potato crops in the conditions of Kyiv region. So, on the 10th day after mass rebirth of the Colorado potato beetle larvae, potato plants on untreated by insecticide plots were completely destroyed by this phytophagus. Preplanting insecticide treatment of potato tubers provided high effectiveness against the Colorado potato beetle prior to the mass rebirth and development of larvae and reduced their density of population and harmfulness. The highest efficacy (93.2-95.2%) against these pests was noted in variants with Prestige, 290 FS, Emesto Quantum 273.5 FS and Celest Top 312.5 FS.
Common scab, dry rot and Rhizoctonia solani were prevailed among the diseases of potato tubers. The greatest effectiveness against the common scab was provided by Prestige, 290 FS. Thus, the infestation of potato tubers by common scab in the variant with application of the Prestige, 290 FS was almost twice lower compared to control. Preparation Celest Top 312.5 FS provided a reduction of dry rot in almost 3 times, and Emesto Quantum 273.5 FS leads to reduction of infestation by Rhizoctonia solani in 4 times, respectively. The treatment of tubers is a reliable protection of potato plants against damage by the Colorado potato beetles and lesion diseases, that made it possible to obtain tuber yields at a level of 24.4-27.4 t per ha.
However, preplanting treatment of planting material with insecticides is not always able to provide the protection of potato seedlings against damage by Colorado beetles. The mass reproduction of these pests occurs after planting of tubers and emerging of stalks at high air temperatures. Therefore, it is necessary to provide additionally spraying of plants. Typically, the insecticides used in recommended rates have a long period of protective action, which eliminates the need for further treatments on vegetative plants. The anti-resistant effect of this treatment is associated with the use of the neonicotinoids class insecticides (eg, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin), that have different mechanism of action compared to pyrethroids. Under such conditions, it is important to search, investigate and introduce modern, effective insecticides into agricultural production. For this purpose the research on the preparations from separate classes of chemical compounds with various toxic properties was conducted.
The most effective against the larvae of Colorado potato beetles were insecticides Confidor, 20% SC, Calypso, 48% SC and Engeo 24.7% SC when spraying potato plantings. Duration of their protection was prolonged for two weeks after the application of insecticides. The maximum technical efficiency was reached as 99.5% (Confidor, 20% SC), 99.2% (Calypso, 48% SC) and 99.3% (Engeo 24.7% SC) on the third day after application. Other insecticides such as Mospilan, 20% SP and Actara, 24% WG (96.2-97.0%) provided somewhat lower the mortality rate of these phytophages.
The highest and prolonged effect against aphids was obtained by spraying potato plantings with the preparations Engeo 24.7% SC and Confidor, 20% SC, the efficiency of which reached 98.2% and 93.1%, that decreased the number of aphids in almost 60 times, compared with the control. Spraying potato plantings with insecticides according to the recommended rates of application allows obtaining the yield of tubers at the level of 25,6-28,2 t per ha.
У статті наведені результати ефективності інсектицидів різних хімічних класів проти основних шкідників картоплі. Найбільш ефективними проти колорадського жука були інсектициди Конфідор, 20% в.р.к., Каліпсо, 48% к.с. та Енжіо, 24,7% к.с. Максимальну технічна ефективність, що складала 99,5% (Конфідор, 20% в.р.к.), 99,2% (Каліпсо, 48% к.с.) та 99,3% (Енжіо, 24,7% к.с.), одержували на третій день після обробки. Проти попелиць найбільш ефективними за обприскування посадок картоплі виявились препарати Енжіо, 24,7% к.с. та Конфідор, 20% в.р.к., відповідний показник яких сягав 98,2% і 93,1%, за зменшення чисельності попелиць майже у 60 разів, порівняно з контролем.
Також досліджено дію комбінованих протруйників на зниження ураженості рослин картоплі хворобами в умовах Лісостепу України. Наведено результати польових досліджень технічної ефективності протруйників за обробки бульб картоплі перед садінням. Найвищою ефективністю (93,2-95,2%) проти фітофага відзначалися препарати Престиж, 290 FS, к.с., Еместо Квантум 273,5 FS та Селест Топ 312,5 FS. Також здійснено порівняльну оцінку інсектицидів за обприскування рослин картоплі проти колорадського жука та попелиць.
Найбільшу ефективність проти парші звичайної виявив препарат Престиж, 290 FS, к.с. Передпосівна обробка даним протруйником забезпечувала ефективність у період цвітіння в середньому за роками на рівні 50,6%. Максимальну частку здорових бульб одержано на варіанті із застосуванням препарату Престиж, 290 FS, к.с. – 55,1%, тоді як на контролі цей показник був меншим у 1,5 рази і становив 37,2 %. Також на варіанті із Престижем було зібрано найбільші фракції товарної картоплі.
Обприскування посадок картоплі інсектицидами за рекомендованих норм витрати дало змогу одержати врожайність бульб на рівні 25,6-28,2 т/га. Протруєння бульб є надійним захистом рослин культури від пошкодження колорадським жуком та ураження хворобами, що дало змогу одержати врожайність бульб на рівні 24,4-27,4 т/га
Simultaneous Interpreting : Characteristic of Autonomic Provision of Extreme Cognitive Loads
Simultaneous interpreting is one of the most comprehensive and energy-consuming types of cognitive activity. To work successfully, a simultaneous interpreter must have a specific functional state. The aim of our study was to find out the basic mechanisms of this functional state, the effect of the simultaneous interpreting on cognitive function changes, and the main factors influencing the degree of the regulatory systems strain. Materials and Methods. 33 individuals participated in the study: 22 linguists specially trained in simultaneous translation composed the experimental group and 11 language-qualified people having no skills of simultaneous translation represented the control group. In compliance with the study design, the measurements were performed under the conditions similar to the real work of simultaneous interpreters: the participants working in succession performed professional tasks: shadowing in the native and foreign languages (German and English), simultaneous interpretation of the reports from the native language to the foreign, and vice versa. The interpreters were psychologically tested using ApWay.ru Web platform before and after the performance on the professional tasks: computer campimetry, test for a simple sensorimotor activity, Stroop test, and test for emotional disadaptation level. Cardiointervalogram was telemetrically recorded during the entire experiment. Results. Some specific aspects of autonomic provision of simultaneous interpreting have been unraveled. A significantly greater tension of the autonomic regulation is manifested by the simultaneous interpreters compared to the control group. It was most prominent when translation was done from the foreign language. The total level of stress during the performance on the linguistic tasks appeared to be higher in the control group. In the simultaneous interpreters, in contrast to the control group, there was registered a high activity level of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems and a marked integration of the cardiac rhythm regulation circuits over the entire period of performing the linguistic tasks. The psychological tests have demonstrated a significantly more confident cognitive control relative to the control group. Thus, a specific functional system has been formed in the simultaneous interpreters providing a successful interaction of various information images (or codes) and consolidation of autonomic and cognitive resources during the performance on professional tasks. Lack of the necessary skills and, consequently, of the task-oriented functional system in the participants of the control group resulted in the enhancement of the non-specific (less effective) stress response.Peer reviewe
Special characteristics of bioelectric activity of human brain during emotional perception of polycode media texts
The scientific research is devoted to the investigation of the bioelectric activity of cerebral cortex during emotional perception of polycode media texts. 11 people at the age of 18-25 years were involved in this research. Zone differences in distribution of a beta rhythm were revealed during comparison of following conditions: closed-eyes test, open-eyes test, and presentation of cognitive information with emotional arousal.Работа посвящена исследованию биоэлектрической активности коры головного мозга при восприятии креолизованного медиатекста. В исследовании были задействованы 11 человек в возрасте 18–25 лет. Выявлены зональные различия в распределении мощности бета-ритма при сравнении следующих состояний: фоновое состояние с закрытыми глазами, фоновое состояние с открытыми глазами, предъявление когнитивной эмоциогенной информации
Clinical characteristics of various arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy phenotypes in the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a progressive disease with a high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), which is very rare in the pediatric population. Aim. To study the clinical course, outcomes and prognosis in various ACM phenotypes in pediatric patients.Material and methods. During the initial selection, 144 publications were found in the PubMed database. From the initially identified results, an analysis of 7 works was carried out.Results. Positive family history for ACM was revealed in 90% of cases. Every second patient had symptoms of the disease (49,2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 19,3-79,1)). Frequent clinical manifestations of ACM were palpitations, heart failure symptoms, and syncope. The incidence of SCD and sudden cardiac arrest was 7,1% (95% CI: 1,7-12,4) and 5,1% (95% CI: 1,5-8,7), respectively. Implantation of an implantable-cardioverter defibrillator was performed in 40% of cases. Conclusion. We did not reveal any specificity of clinical signs depending on ACM phenotype. However, an earlier onset and an unfavorable course are characteristic of non-classical ACM types. ACM is characterized by a high risk of SCD, so it is extremely important to make a timely diagnosis
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