A Study of Anyon Statistics by Breit Hamiltonian Formalism

We study the anyon statistics of a $2 + 1$ dimensional Maxwell-Chern-Simons (MCS) gauge theory by using a systemmetic metheod, the Breit Hamiltonian formalism.Comment: 25 pages, LATE

Modeling of radiative - conductive heat transfer in compositing materials

A layer of composite material is investigated, which is heated one-sidedly with one-dimensional energy transfer accounting for thermal conductivity and radiation. A mathematical model is suggested for non-stationary coefficient thermophysical problem under radiative-conductive heat transfer in a material layer. Temperature dependencies of thermal capacity and thermal conductivity coefficient of composite radio-transparent material have been determined through numerical modeling by solving the coefficient reverse problem of thermal conductivity

Evaluation of Fermi Read-out of the ATLAS Tilecal Prototype

Prototypes of the \fermi{} system have been used to read out a prototype of the \atlas{} hadron calorimeter in a beam test at the CERN SPS. The \fermi{} read-out system, using a compressor and a 40 MHz sampling ADC, is compared to a standard charge integrating read-out by measuring the energy resolution of the calorimeter separately with the two systems on the same events. Signal processing techniques have been designed to optimize the treatment of \fermi{} data. The resulting energy resolution is better than the one obtained with the standard read-out

Проявления апоптоза в субпопуляциях циркулирующих опухолевых клеток с фенотипами, ассоциированными со стволовостью и эпителиально-мезенхимальным переходом, при карциноме молочной железы

Introduction. Ability of circulating tumor cells (CTC) initiate metastases in distant sites is associated primarily with their resistance to apoptosis which allows them to retain viability in the blood. Knowledge of phenotypical signs associated with this ability would allow to predict the risk of metastases and optimize adjuvant therapy.Aim. To examine signs of apoptosis in CTC populations with various phenotypical characteristics.Materials and methods. The study included 58 patients with invasive breast carcinoma of unspecified type, stages T1–4N0–3M0. Cell concentrates extracted from patients’ whole blood were stained with an antibody cocktail against CK7 / 8, CD45, EpCAM, CD44, CD24, CD133, ALDH, N-cadherin which allowed to identify CTC with signs of stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Annexin V and 7‑amino-actinomycin D staining was used for evaluation of apoptosis stage in CTC populations.Results. Circulating tumor cells are characterized by heterogeneity in respect to signs of stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and presence of early and late signs of apoptosis and necrosis. CTC phenotypes including co-expression of epithelial marker CK7 / 8 and stemness marker CD133 (but not CD44) are characterized by absence of signs of apoptosis. Co-expression of CK7 / 8 and CD133 in CTC with stemness markers CD44+ / C D24– is associated with development of early but not late signs of apoptosis and necrosis. Circulating tumor cells without co-expression of CK7 / 8 and CD133 could have both early and late signs of apoptosis and necrosis. Circulating tumor cells phenotypes with signs of early apoptosis expressing CD133 remain in blood after non-adjuvant chemotherapy opposed to CTC without CD133 expression.Conclusion. There are CTC phenotypical signs associated with stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and linked to apoptosis resistance or sensitivity.Введение. Способность циркулирующих опухолевых клеток (ЦОК) инициировать метастазирование в отдаленных сайтах, прежде всего, связана с их резистентностью к апоптозу, что позволяет сохранить жизнеспособность в кровотоке. Знание фенотипических признаков, связанных с этой способностью, позволило бы прогнозировать риск развития метастазов и оптимизировать адъювантную терапию.Цель исследования – изучение проявлений апоптоза в популяциях ЦОК с различными фенотипическими характеристиками.Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 58 пациенток с инвазивной карциномой молочной железы неспецифического типа стадии T1–4N0–3M0. Клеточные концентраты, полученные из цельной крови пациентов, окрашены коктейлем антител к C K7 / 8, CD45, EpCAM, CD44, CD24, CD133, ALDH, N-кадгерину, что позволяет идентифицировать ЦОК с признаками стволовости и эпителиально-мезенхимального перехода. Окрашивание аннексином V и 7-аминоактиномицином D использовали для оценки разных стадий апоптоза каждой из популяций ЦОК.Результаты. Циркулирующие опухолевые клетки характеризуются выраженной гетерогенностью по проявлениям признаков стволовости и эпителиально-мезенхимального перехода и ассоциации с наличием ранних и поздних признаков апоптоза и некроза. Для ЦОК с фенотипами, включающими коэкспрессию эпителиального маркера CK7 / 8 и маркера стволовости CD133 (но не C D44), более характерно отсутствие признаков апоптоза. Коэкспрессия CK7 / 8 и C D133 ЦОК с маркерами стволовости CD44+ / C D24– ассоциирована с развитием ранних, но не поздних признаков апоптоза и некроза. Циркулирующие опухолевые клетки с отсутствием коэкспрессии CK7 / 8 и C D133 могли иметь и ранние, и поздние признаки апоптоза и некроза. Фенотипы ЦОК с признаками раннего апоптоза, экспрессирующие CD133, в отличие от ЦОК без экспрессии CD133, сохраняются в крови после неоадъювантной химиотерапии.Заключение. Существуют фенотипические признаки ЦОК, имеющие отношение к стволовости и эпителиально-мезенхимальному переходу, сопряженные с устойчивостью к апоптозу или чувствительностью к нему

Response of the ATLAS tile calorimeter prototype to muons

A study of high energy muons traversing the ATLAS hadron Tile calorimeter in the barrel region in the energy range between 10 and 300~GeV is presented. Both test beam experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations are given and show good agreement. The Tile calorimeter capability of detecting isolated muons over the above energy range is demonstrated. A signal to background ratio of about 10 is expected for the nominal LHC luminosity ($10^{34} cm^{-2} sec^{-1}$). The photoelectron statistics effect in the muon shape response is shown. The e/mip ratio is found to be $0.81 \pm 0.03$; the e/$\mu$ ratio is in the range 0.91 - 0.97. The energy loss of a muon in the calorimeter, dominated by the energy lost in the absorber, can be correlated to the energy loss in the active material. This correlation allows one to correct on an event by event basis the muon energy loss in the calorimeter and therefore reduce the low energy tails in the muon momentum distribution

A measurement of the energy loss spectrum of 150 GeV muons in iron

The energy loss spectrum of 150 GeV muons has been measured with a prototype of the ATLAS hadron calorimeter in the H8 beam of the CERN SPS.\\ The differential probability $dP/dv$ per radiation length of a fractional energy loss $v = \Delta E_{\mu} / E_{\mu}$ has been measured in the range $v = 0.01 \div 0.95$; it is then compared with the theoretical predictions for energy losses due to bremsstrahlung and production of electron-positron pairs or of energetic knock-on electrons.\\ The integrated probability $\int_{0.01}^{0.95} (dP/dv) dv$ is $(1.610\pm0.015_{stat.}\pm0.105_{syst.})\cdot10^{-3}$ in agreement with the theoretical predictions of $1.556\cdot10^{-3}$ and $1.619\cdot10^{-3}$. %7.8.96 - start Agreement with theory is also found in two intervals of $v$ where production of electron-positron pairs and knock-on electrons dominates. In the region of bremsstrahlung dominance ($v = 0.12\div0.95$) the measured integrated probability $(1.160\pm0.040_{stat}\pm0.075_{syst})\cdot 10^{-4}$ is in agreement with the theoretical value of $1.185 \cdot 10^{-4}$, obtained using Petrukhin and Shestakov's \cite{PS} description of the bremsstrahlung process. The same result is about 3.6 standard deviations (defined as the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic errors) lower than the theoretical prediction of $1.472\cdot 10^{-4}$, obtained using Tsai's \cite{TS} description of bremsstrahlung

Results from a combined test of an electromagnetic liquid argon calorimeter with a hadronic scintillating-tile calorimeter

The first combined test of an electromagnetic liquid argon accordion calorimeter and a hadronic scintillating-tile calorimeter was carried out at the CERN SPS. These devices are prototypes of the barrel calorimeter of the future ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The energy resolution of pions in the energy range from 20 to 300~GeV at an incident angle $\theta$ of about 11$^\circ$ is well-described by the expression \sigma/E = ((46.5 \pm 6.0)\%/\sqrt{E} +(1.2 \pm 0.3)\%) \oplus (3.2 \pm 0.4)~\mbox{GeV}/E. Shower profiles, shower leakage, and the angular resolution of hadronic showers were also studied