THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE FAMILY POLICY IN MODERN RUSSIA

Аnnotation: The smooth running of the modern family is impossible without implementation of the state family policy. Family policy is aimed not only to support individual families, but also to assist the social institution of the family is a vital necessity. From the impact of family policy depends on the decision of all without an exception of problems - from security, to solve the problem of population reproduction, to the formation of human capital in ensuring the competitiveness of the economy and, ultimately, problem solving, historical survival. The achievement of high standards and quality of life of Russian citizens is impossible without taking into account the interests of the family as the basic unit of society

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE FAMILY POLICY IN MODERN RUSSIA

Аnnotation: The smooth running of the modern family is impossible without implementation of the state family policy. Family policy is aimed not only to support individual families, but also to assist the social institution of the family is a vital necessity. From the impact of family policy depends on the decision of all without an exception of problems - from security, to solve the problem of population reproduction, to the formation of human capital in ensuring the competitiveness of the economy and, ultimately, problem solving, historical survival. The achievement of high standards and quality of life of Russian citizens is impossible without taking into account the interests of the family as the basic unit of society

Занятость инвалидов в регионах России: состояние, дифференциация, факторы

Purpose of the research. Employment of disabled people can be considered as a kind of reserve of the labor potential of the population in the conditions of aging and reduction of the population of working age. The purpose of the article is to consider the regional differentiation of employment of disabled people, to identify factors that affect the level of their employment and typological groups of Russian regions depending on the situation in the field of employment of disabled people.Materials and methods. The article is based on data on official disability for 2012-2019 and employment of disabled people, reflected in the system of state statistical accounting, as well as sample surveys of Rosstat. In addition, we used data on employment of disabled people from the Federal register of disabled people, which is operated by the Pension Fund of Russia.The conclusions of the article are based on the results of statistical analysis of data using descriptive statistics methods, calculation of nonparametric criteria (Tau-b Kendall) to assess differences in the distributions of indicators that characterize the socio-economic status of disabled people, as well as cluster analysis to identify typological groups of regions in terms of the situation in the employment of disabled people.Results. More than half of Russian disabled people are over the age of 60 (58.9% at the beginning of 2020). Age structure of disabled people affects their employment. People with disabilities do not feel in demand in the labor market. The share of employed (working) disabled people in Russia is 14.9% (2019). The employment rate of disabled people in the regions varies significantly – from 7.2% to 29.2%. Moreover, in 75 Russian regions, the share of working disabled does not exceed 20% of their number. The result of a cluster analysis based on data describing the employment of disabled people in the context of Russian regions in 2019 was the division of 85 regions of Russia into 4 clusters. There is a certain correlation between variables such as the percentage of disabled people working and the percentage of disabled people in employment, and the level of poverty in the regions. The share of disabled people among all employed in the region is related to the level of wages in the region and the amount of disability pensions.Conclusion. The small size of the disability pension encourages the employment of disabled people. In regions where the level of poverty is relatively low, even with high wages, employment of disabled people is minimal, due to both higher levels of social guarantees and competition between disabled/non-disabled people for jobs.The calculations show that, if appropriate conditions are created, the share of employed persons with disabilities among all disabled people may increase, which will attract from 33.5 thousand employees to 611.5 thousand employees to the labor market. Increasing employment for people with disabilities is important for the well-being of people with disabilities, as well as for the state and society.Цель исследования. Занятость инвалидов может рассматриваться как своеобразный резерв трудового потенциала населения в условиях старения и сокращения численности населения трудоспособного возраста. Целью статьи является рассмотрение региональной дифференциации занятости инвалидов, выявление факторов, влияющих на уровень их занятости и типологических групп регионов России в зависимости от ситуации в сфере занятости инвалидов.Материалы и методы. Статья опирается на данные об официальной инвалидности за 2012–2019 гг. и занятости инвалидов, отраженные в системе государственного статистического учета, а также выборочных обследований Росстата. Кроме того, использованы данные о занятости инвалидов Федерального реестра инвалидов, оператором которого выступает Пенсионный фонд России.Выводы статьи основаны на результатах статистического анализа данных с использованием методов дескриптивной статистики, расчета непараметрических критериев (тау-b Кендалла) для оценки различий в распределениях показателей, характеризующих социально-экономическое положение инвалидов, а так же кластерного анализа для выявления типологических групп регионов с точки зрения ситуации в сфере занятости инвалидов.Результаты. Более половины российских инвалидов – люди в возрасте старше 60 лет (58,9% на начало 2020 г.). Возрастной состав инвалидов оказывает влияние на их занятость. Люди с инвалидностью не чувствуют себя востребованными на рынке труда. Доля занятых (работающих) инвалидов в России состав ляет 14,9% (2019 г.). Показатель занятости инвалидов в регионах значительно колеблется – от 7,2% до 29,2%. Причем в 75 российских регионах доля работающих инвалидов не превышает 20% от их численности. Результатом кластерного анализа, проведенного по данным, характеризующим занятость инвалидов в разрезе регионов России за 2019 г. стало разбиение 85 регионов России на 4 кластера. Существует определенная зависимость между такими переменными, как доля работающих инвалидов и доля инвалидов среди занятых, уровнем бедности в регионах. Доля инвалидов среди всех занятых в регионе связана с уровнем заработной платы в регионе, величиной пенсий по инвалидности.Заключение. Незначительный размер пенсии по инвалидности стимулирует занятость инвалидов. В тех регионах, где уровень бедности населения относительно ниже, даже при высоком уровне оплаты труда занятость инвалидов минимальна, что обусловлено как более высокими размерами социальных гарантий, так и конкуренцией между инвалидами/неинвалидами за рабочие места.Проведенные расчеты показывают, что, при создании соответствующих условий, доля занятых инвалидов среди всех инвалидов может увеличиться, что позволит привлечь на рынок труда от 33,5 тыс. работников до 611,5 тыс. работников. Повышение занятости инвалидов важно и для благополучия инвалидов, и для государства и общества

Современные проблемы оценки эффективности семейной политики в Российской Федерации

The article is devoted to the multifaceted and complex problems, associated with comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of the state family policy. A significant stage in the development of state family policy is the adoption of the concept of state family policy in 2014. Evaluation of measures’ effectiveness in the field of family policy is the subject of many publications. However, most authors pay their attention to the individual events. It appears that the effectiveness of implementation of strategic documents is defined by the detailed development of the documents, objective approach to formation of system of target indicators.The aim of the article is the analysis of the structure of the Concept of family policy, adopted in 2014, and implementation plan of its first stage. It allows identifying whether the ineffectiveness of family policy is determined by the logic strategic documents in the field of family policy. The possibilities for monitoring the effectiveness of the action plan and the first results of the implementation of the Concept, consistency of the logic in these documents are considered.Materials and methods. The conclusions of the article are based on the analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of family policy. The data of statistical monitoring of family policies based on official statistical reporting and representative sample surveys of ROSSTAT, and the experience of monitoring the National strategy of actions in interests of children served as the information base of the study.Results. Currently, the performance evaluation is conducted formally; complexity evaluation for the implementation of the Concept of family policy is largely related to the logic of formation of the Concept and its expected results, the disadvantages of the formation of plans for its implementation, the lack of necessary information and special monitoring in the framework of the implementation of the Concept. In the framework of the Concept in accordance with the objectives, nine areas are highlighted, for which a list of indicators of the results has defined. The proposed indicators were not assigned to specific sections of the Concept. A number of them do not have specific quantitative measurements, which poses a substantial problem associated with the inability to conduct an objective assessment of the effectiveness of specific measures. The analysis of the logic of the Concept and implementation plan of its first stage showed that in many respects goals, objectives, indicators and financial support do not balance them.Conclusions. The problem of the ineffectiveness of large-scale conceptual and strategic documents is often linked with the logic of the document, a formal approach to the formation of a system of indicators. A number of measures, provided in the Concept, are not reflected in the implementation plan. The analysis allowed formulating proposals for clarifying the mechanism of implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of the Concept. The most important of the proposals are the definition of the desired level of performance, projecting performance indicators of family policies in view of conflicting demographic and socio-economic dynamics; the need to develop the integrated statistical indicator of the effectiveness of family policy, covering activities in all areas. Статья посвящена решению многогранной и сложной проблемы, связанной с комплексной оценкой эффективности государственной семейной политики. Значимым этапом в развитии государственной семейной политики является утверждение в 2014 г. Концепции государственной семейной политики. Оценка эффективности предпринимаемых в сфере семейной политики мер является предметом многих публикаций. Однако чаще авторы обращают свое внимание на отдельные мероприятия. Представляется, что результативность выполнения долгосрочных стратегических документах определяется и детальностью разработки самих документов, объективным подходом к формированию системы целевых индикаторов.Целью статьи выступает анализ структуры Концепции семейной политики России, принятой в 2014 году, и Плана реализации ее первого этапа. Это позволяет выявить, насколько неэффективность семейной политики определяется логикой самих стратегических документов в сфере семейной политики. Рассматриваются возможности проведения мониторинга результативности мероприятий Плана и первые итоги реализации Концепции, согласованность логики этих документов.Материалы и методы. Выводы статьи построены на основе анализа количественных и качественных индикаторов семейной политики. Информационной базой исследования послужили данные статистического мониторинга семейной политики, построенного на основе официальной статистической отчетности и репрезентативных выборочных обследований Росстата, а так же опыт мониторинга Национальной стратегии действий в интересах детей.Результаты. В настоящее время оценка результативности проводится достаточно формально, сложности оценки реализации Концепции семейной политики во многом связаны с логикой формирования самой Концепции и ее ожидаемыми результатами, недостатками формирования планов по ее реализации, отсутствием необходимой информации и специального мониторинга в рамках механизма реализации Концепции. В рамках Концепции в соответствии с задачами выделены девять направлений, для которых определен перечень индикаторов конечной результативности. Предлагаемые индикаторы не закреплены за конкретными разделами Концепции. При этом ряд из них не имеют конкретного количественного измерения, что представляет существенную проблему, связанную с невозможностью проведения объективной оценки эффективности конкретных мер. Анализ логики построения Концепции и Плана реализации ее первого этапа показал, что они во многом не сбалансированы по целям, задачам, индикаторам и финансовому обеспечению.Выводы. Проблема неэффективности масштабных концептуальных, стратегических документов зачастую связана с логикой самого документа, формальным подходом к формированию системы индикаторов и показателей. Целый ряд мер, предусмотренных в Концепции, не нашел отражение в Плане по ее реализации. Проведенный анализ позволил сформулировать предложения по уточнению механизма реализации и оценки эффективности Концепции, важнейшими из которых выступают: определение желаемого уровня показателей, выступающих индикаторами результативности семейной политики с учетом противоречивой демографической и социально-экономической динамики; необходимость разработки интегрального статистического показателя эффективности семейной политики, охватывающего деятельность по всем направлениям.

Institutional Factors in Reproductive Decision-Making Among Large Families in Russia

Received 2 February 2024. Accepted 2 May 2024. Published online 21 July 2024.Amidst pressing global challenges and internal demographic threats, it is crucial to understand the institutional dynamics shaping the wellbeing of large families. This study delves into the intricate web of institutional factors that influence the prosperity of such families, examining key theoretical frameworks including institutional theory, human and social capital theories, and concepts of family. The empirical investigation draws upon extensive data sources, encompassing population censuses spanning five decades (1970–2020) and the comprehensive 2021 All-Russian sociological study Demograficheskoe samochuvstvie regionov Rossii [Demographic Well-Being of the Regions of Russia]. We conducted 22 in-depth interviews with members of large families across 10 regions. These interviews gave us a nuanced picture of the trends in family structure and the reasons behind reproductive decisions within these families. While institutional support is viewed as a “bonus” rather than a decisive factor in reproductive decisions, parents require various resources, including material, temporal, socio-psychological, informational, and socioeducational resources, to develop necessary family and human capital skills. Furthermore, the study identifies the institutional conditions and resources crucial for bolstering the well-being of large families as well as the importance of effective family policies

Цифровые технологии в повседневной жизни россиян

The development of innovations changes the usual living environment of people, affects their standard of living and lifestyle. The purpose of the article is to identify the main factors that determine the attitude of the Russians to innovations and contribute to their spread in everyday life. Findings based on the data of sample surveys, in particular the Comprehensive survey of living conditions of the population (2016), sample Federal statistical observation on the use of information technologies and information and telecommunication networks by the population (2018), and the materials of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) and the authors’ research conducted in 2017 in Moscow and the Moscow region. The authors used a set of methods for statistical data analysis. The application of the classification tree method revealed the main factors that influence the use of innovative technologies in everyday practice. Factor analysis was used to determine the specifics of Internet use by the Russians. The two-step cluster analysis procedure allowed to form two typology groups (clusters) of respondents depending on their use of such innovative practice as distance financial services. A positive attitude to innovation and information and communication technologies is determined by the experience of using modern technologies in the educational process, the age and interest (readiness) of respondents to use innovations and digital technologies in everyday life. The attitude to innovation is largely determined by the psychological characteristics of the respondent, their willingness to accept innovations. Although innovative practices such as tablet use and distance financial services are widely distributed, their prevalence is determined by similar factors. At the macro level, the parameters of the image and quality of life in various types of settlements, and the involvement in modern technologies in the workplace have an impact. The social and professional status of the person plays a more crucial role than the type of economic activity.Развитие инноваций меняет привычную среду жизни людей, влияет на их уровень и образ жизни. Авторами обосновываются основные факторы, определяющие отношение россиян к инновациям и способствующие их распространению в повседневной жизни. Результаты исследования базируются на данных выборочных обследований, в частности Комплексного наблюдения условий жизни населения (2016 г.), Выборочного федерального статистического наблюдения по вопросам использования населением информационных технологий и информационно-телекоммуникационных сетей (2018 г.), а также на материалах Российского мониторинга экономики и здоровья (РМЭЗ) и авторского исследования, проведенного в 2017 г. в Москве и Московской области. Исследование проведено с использованием методов статистического анализа данных. Применение метода классификационных деревьев выявило основные факторы, оказывающие влияние на использование в повседневной практике инновационных технологий. С помощью факторного анализа были определены особенности использования интернета россиянами. Процедура двухэтапного кластерного анализа позволила сформировать две типологические группы (кластеры) респондентов в зависимости от использования такой инновационной практики, как дистанционные финансовые услуги. Позитивное отношение к инновациям и информационно-коммуникационным технологиям определяется опытом применения современных технологий в образовательном процессе, возрастом и заинтересованностью (готовностью) респондентов к использованию инноваций и цифровых технологий в повседневной жизни. Отношение к инновациям определяется во многом психологическими характеристиками респондента, его готовностью воспринимать инновации. Несмотря на различные масштабы распространения таких инновационных практик, как использование планшета и дистанционные финансовые услуги, их распространенность определяется схожими факторами. На макроуровне влияние оказывают параметры образа и качества жизни в различных типах поселений, включенность в современные технологии на рабочем месте. Социально-профессиональный статус человека играет бо́льшую роль, чем вид экономической деятельности

Modern problems of evaluation of the family policy effectiveness in the Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the multifaceted and complex problems, associated with comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of the state family policy. A significant stage in the development of state family policy is the adoption of the concept of state family policy in 2014. Evaluation of measures’ effectiveness in the field of family policy is the subject of many publications. However, most authors pay their attention to the individual events. It appears that the effectiveness of implementation of strategic documents is defined by the detailed development of the documents, objective approach to formation of system of target indicators.The aim of the article is the analysis of the structure of the Concept of family policy, adopted in 2014, and implementation plan of its first stage. It allows identifying whether the ineffectiveness of family policy is determined by the logic strategic documents in the field of family policy. The possibilities for monitoring the effectiveness of the action plan and the first results of the implementation of the Concept, consistency of the logic in these documents are considered.Materials and methods. The conclusions of the article are based on the analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of family policy. The data of statistical monitoring of family policies based on official statistical reporting and representative sample surveys of ROSSTAT, and the experience of monitoring the National strategy of actions in interests of children served as the information base of the study.Results. Currently, the performance evaluation is conducted formally; complexity evaluation for the implementation of the Concept of family policy is largely related to the logic of formation of the Concept and its expected results, the disadvantages of the formation of plans for its implementation, the lack of necessary information and special monitoring in the framework of the implementation of the Concept. In the framework of the Concept in accordance with the objectives, nine areas are highlighted, for which a list of indicators of the results has defined. The proposed indicators were not assigned to specific sections of the Concept. A number of them do not have specific quantitative measurements, which poses a substantial problem associated with the inability to conduct an objective assessment of the effectiveness of specific measures. The analysis of the logic of the Concept and implementation plan of its first stage showed that in many respects goals, objectives, indicators and financial support do not balance them.Conclusions. The problem of the ineffectiveness of large-scale conceptual and strategic documents is often linked with the logic of the document, a formal approach to the formation of a system of indicators. A number of measures, provided in the Concept, are not reflected in the implementation plan. The analysis allowed formulating proposals for clarifying the mechanism of implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of the Concept. The most important of the proposals are the definition of the desired level of performance, projecting performance indicators of family policies in view of conflicting demographic and socio-economic dynamics; the need to develop the integrated statistical indicator of the effectiveness of family policy, covering activities in all areas

To the question of conceptual approaches to the development of family policy in Russia

The article is devoted to the development of the concept of family policy in Russia. The author examines the factors that determine the significance and direction of family policy in modern society, the relationship model of family policy and value orientations of the society, the range of models of family policy in the European countries. Grounded conceptual essence of family policy. Proposed directions of realization of seed policy in modern Russia.Статья посвящена разработке концепции семейной политики в России. Автор рассматривает факторы, определяющие значимость и направленность семейной политики в современном обществе, взаимосвязь модели семейной политики и ценностных ориентаций общества, спектр моделей семейной политики в европейских странах. Обоснована концептуальная сущность семейной политики. Предложены направления реализации семейной политики в современной России

VERIFICATION OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE EVOLUTION MODEL OF RETAIL TRADE ORGANIZATIONS USING CLUSTER ANALYSIS AND THE METHOD OF ROTATED COMPONENTS

Purpose: Purpose of the study is to clarify the theoretical model of organizational structure evolution, which is based on the hypothesis that two types of organizational structures sequential and parallel, dialectically replace each other. It is assumed that the growth of organizations in the transition between two different types of organizational structures has a different nature - intensive or extensive. Design/methodology/approach: Retail sector enterprises, whose organizational structure is largely determined by separate divisions, are selected. The cluster analysis is chosen as a research method to split the initial data set into groups. In order to clarify the results of the cluster analysis, the principal component method is used. For the study, 2,249 retail organizations of the Czech Republic were initially selected. Findings: The analysis put us to make the following clarifications in the model: a) in the transition from a parallel organizational structure to a sequential one the growth of an organization is of an intensive nature, and in the transition from a sequential organizational structure, growth is extensive; b) development patterns are determined by three key factors: the size of an organization, the effectiveness of its activities and the age of an organization. Research/practical implications: The results of the research generally confirmed the hypotheses put forward and showed coincidence with the proposed theoretical model of the evolution of the organizational structure. Originality/value: The use of the proposed model allows owners and managers to more rationally undertake the development of commercial organizations in the long term