GENETIC APPROACHES TO THE STATE CATEGORY

Abstract. The article analyzes various functional paradigms of the state, which will help to reveal the essential, organic aspect of a state-organized society existence. A state of any historical type implements itself in activity and, therefore, has a functional basis in which the unchanging is embodied that is inherent in it at all stages of evolution. Universal functions implement the essential characteristics of a state as an institutional expression of activities aimed at "common affair" solution. A functionally organized state embodies a certain type of activity that satisfies the need for self-preservation and purposeful organization. Therefore, the functional approach to the study of the state phenomenon allows us to reveal the most important properties belonging to all states, at any evolution stage in which the social purpose of the state as such and, ultimately, its objective (essential) and subjective meaning is manifested.Keywords: Functions of the State, Evolution of the State, Statehood, Political Society, Historical forms of the State, Еssence and legal nature of the State, State purpose

Behaviour of rare earth elements in molten salts in relation to pyrochemical reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels

The kinetics of chlorination of lanthanide oxides (by Cl2 and HCl) and precipitation of lanthanide phosphates was studied by in situ electronic absorption spectroscopy in 3LiC1-2KC1 and NaCl-KCl melts at 400-750°C Products of the chlorination are the corresponding hexachlorospecies, LnCl63-, and the rate of chlorination increases with increasing temperature. Composition of the precipitated phosphates depends on the melt composition and 1.5-5 fold excess of phosphate, depending on the nature of lanthanide, is needed for the complete removal of the lanthanides from the melt. Over three hours are required for completing the reaction of phosphate precipitation. copyright The Electrochemical Society.Electrochemical Society, Phys. Anal. Electrochem. Div.;Electrochemical Society, Electrodeposition Division;Electrochemical Society, High Temperature Materials Division;Electrochemical Society, Battery Division;Electrochemical Society, Energy Technology Divisio

Nonlinear Fourier Transform for Analysis of Coherent Structures in Dissipative Systems

Using the cubic Ginzburg-Landau equation as an example, we demonstrate how the inverse scattering transform can be applied to characterize coherent structures in dissipative nonlinear systems. Using this approach one can reduce the number of the effective degrees of freedom in the system when the dynamic is dominated by the coherent structures, even if they are embedded in the dispersive waves and demonstrate unstable behavior

Диагностические возможности пренатальной эхографии в диагностике аномалий разви- тия срединных структур головного мозга во втором триместре беременности

Introduction. Тhe application of the volume ultrasound expands opportunities of prenatal diagnosis and increases the detection of brain abnormalities.Objective: to assess diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis of the cerebral midline structures abnormalities in the second trimester of pregnancy.Materials and methods. 39 women, who had fetuses with cerebral midline structures abnormalities, were included into the study.Results. Abnormal image or absence of the septum pellucidum are informative signs of the cerebral midline structures abnormalities. Agenesis of the corpus callosum always has indirect ultrasound signs.Conclusion. The volume ultrasound improves the multiplane fetal brain assessment, prenatal diagnosis of brain abnormalities.Введение. Использование методов объемной эхографии расширяет возможности пренатальной диагностики, позволяет повысить выявляемость аномалий развития головного мозга.Цель исследования: оценить диагностические возможности эхографии в  пренатальной диагностике аномалий развития срединных структур головного мозга во II триместре беременности.Материалы и методы. В ходе исследования проанализированы результаты обследования 39 пациенток, у плодов которых при проведении пренатальной эхографии обнаружены аномалии развития срединных структур головного мозга.Результаты исследования. Аномальное изображение или отсутствие изображения полости прозрачной перегородки — информативные признаки аномалий развития срединных структур головного мозга. Для агенезии мозолистого тела всегда характерно наличие косвенных ультразвуковых признаков.Заключение. Использование методов объемной реконструкции позволяет оптимизировать мультиплоскостное исследование головного мозга плода, повысить дородовую диагностику аномалий развития головного мозга

The study of the proton-proton collisions at the beam momentum 1628 MeV/c

The detailed investigation of the single pion production reactions $pp\to pn\pi^{+}$ and $pp\to pp\pi^{o}$ at the incident proton momentum 1628 MeV/c has been carried out. The data are analyzed in the framework of the event-by-event maximum likelihood method together with the $pp\to pp\pi^{0}$ data measured earlier in the energy region below 1 GeV. At 1628 MeV/c the largest contributions stem from the $^{3}P_{2}$, $^{3}P_{1}$, $^{3}P_{0}$, $^{1}D_{2}$ and $^{3}F_{2}$ initial partial waves.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figure

Substantiation of approaches to the correction of lipid metabolism disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children with exogenous obesity

BACKGROUND: According to the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of obesity, the plasma level of coenzyme q10 in the correlation relationship with lipid metabolism disorders and functional liver state is of interest to study.AIM: Substantiation of approaches to the correction of lipid metabolism disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children with exogenous obesity based on the content of coenzyme Q10 and its relationship with lipid profile and liver enzymes.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The single-center cross-sectional study enlisted the control (n=32, -1.0≤BMI SD score ≤+2.0) and obese (n=40, BMI SD score>+2.0) groups of children with the mean age of 12 yr. In all children BMI, lipidogram, liver enzymes (ALT and AST), plasma coenzyme Q10 and liver ultrasound examination were assessed.RESULTS: Patients of both groups were comparable (p> 0.05) in age and gender. The level of coenzyme Q10 in the compared groups was comparable (p> 0.05) and did not differ in patients with different degrees of obesity. According to the results of the study of the lipid profile in the obese children, the level of HDL was lower, and the level of LDL was higher than that in control group. The highest value of HDL was obtained in the patients with the 1st degree of obesity and the highest level of triglycerides — in the patients with the 4th degree of obesity. The control group demonstrated moderate correlations between endogenous coenzyme Q10 and total cholesterol (r=0.474, p=0.009) which persists in patients with the first degree of obesity (r = 0.548, p = 0.035). There was no difference in AST in the study groups, however, the main group demonstrated elevated ALT and ALT/AST ratio (p <0.001). The highest ALT and ALT / AST ratio were observed in patients with greatest degree of obesity. Eighteen obese children (45%) had ALT / AST ratio ≥1 (in the control group –one patient (3%) (p <0.001), while fourteen patients showed liver enlargement and structure change according to ultrasound (80%). The control group demonstrated moderate correlations between endogenous coenzyme Q10 and total cholesterol (r=0.474, p=0.009) and between coenzyme Q10 and ALT / AST ratio (r=0.412, p=0.023) . In the obese group there was correlation between AI and ALT / AST (r = 0.436, p = 0.006) and in patients with the 1st degree of obesity — between also coenzyme Q10 and ALT (r = 0.875, p <0.001).CONCLUSION: The disturbances in adequate control of cholesterol by coenzyme Q10 in obese children possibly confirming the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can serve as indication to use coenzyme Q10 in order to correct these complications

Electronic and Magnetic Structure of Possible Iron Based Superconductor BaFe2Se3

We present results of LDA calculations (band structure, densities of states, Fermi surfaces) for possible iron based superconductor BaFe2Se3 (Ba123) in normal (paramagnetic) phase. Results are briefly compared with similar data on prototype BaFe2As2 and (K,Cs)Fe2Se2 superconductors. Without doping this system is antiferromagnetic with T_N^{exp}~250K and rather complicated magnetic structure. Neutron diffraction experiments indicated the possibility of two possible spin structures (antiferromagnetically ordered "plaquettes" or "zigzags"), indistinguishable by neutron scattering. Using LSDA calculated exchange parameters we estimate Neel temperatures for both spin structures within the molecular field approximation and show \tau_1 ("plaquettes") spin configuration to be more favorable than \tau_2 ("zigzags").Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure