Construction of nutrient media for L-form brucella

Dry nutrient media on the basis of hepatic infusion and Siberian roach hydrolyzate are constructed. Experimental data demonstrate that these media possess high sensitivity, completely inhibit growth of S-form Brucella, do not require рН adjustment, filtration and autoclaving. They can be used for isolation, cultivation and accumulation of L-form Brucella for bacteriological diagnostics of brucellosis. As these media are accessible for transportation, they are applicable for stationary and field conditions

UBVJHKLM Photometry and Low-Resolution Spectroscopy of Nova Delphini 2013 (V339 Del)

We present UBVJHKLM photometric observations of Nova Delphini 2013 that started several hours before maximum light and lasted for 130 nights. Using the obtained data, we derived several photometric parameters of the Nova: the time of maximum light, brightness at maximum, rate of decline, t2 = 11 d. This places Nova Del 2013 among fast novae according to the classification introduced by Payne-Gaposchkin. We estimated the interstellar reddening EB−V = 0.18 using maps of Galactic extinction and the absolute brightness in maximum light via the MMRD relation that allowed us to determine the distance D ≈ 2.7 kpc and height above the Galactic plane z ≈ 440 pc. Low-resolution spectroscopy shows that Nova Del 2013 belongs to the Fe II spectral type of novae. The broad emission feature near 6825 Å observed during 2013 August and September may be the Raman-scattered OVI 1032 Å line

The Y-Box Binding Protein 1 Suppresses Alzheimer’s Disease Progression in Two Animal Models

<div><p>The Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is a member of the family of DNA- and RNA binding proteins. It is involved in a wide variety of DNA/RNA-dependent events including cell proliferation and differentiation, stress response, and malignant cell transformation. Previously, YB-1 was detected in neurons of the neocortex and hippocampus, but its precise role in the brain remains undefined. Here we show that subchronic intranasal injections of recombinant YB-1, as well as its fragment YB-1₁₋₂₁₉, suppress impairment of spatial memory in olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice with Alzheimer’s type degeneration and improve learning in transgenic 5XFAD mice used as a model of cerebral amyloidosis. YB-1-treated OBX and 5XFAD mice showed a decreased level of brain β-amyloid. In OBX animals, an improved morphological state of neurons was revealed in the neocortex and hippocampus; in 5XFAD mice, a delay in amyloid plaque progression was observed. Intranasally administered YB-1 penetrated into the brain and could enter neurons. <i>In vitro</i> co-incubation of YB-1 with monomeric β-amyloid (1–42) inhibited formation of β-amyloid fibrils, as confirmed by electron microscopy. This suggests that YB-1 interaction with β-amyloid prevents formation of filaments that are responsible for neurotoxicity and neuronal death. Our data are the first evidence for a potential therapeutic benefit of YB-1 for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.</p></div

Penetration of Cy3-labeled YB-1 into primary neuronal culture of rat hippocampus.

<p>The culture cells were incubated with Cy3-labeled YB -1 or Cy3-labeled BSA for 2 h. Then cell lysate proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and detected for fluorescence (A) and Coomassie brilliant blue staining (B). Lanes: 1, molecular mass markers with fluorophore-labeled 72 kDa marker (Thermo Scientific); 2, Cy3-labeled BSA; 3, Cy3-labeled YB-1; 4, Cell lysates of the neuronal culture after 2 h incubation with Cy3-labeled BSA; 5, Cell lysates of the neuronal culture after 2 h incubation with Cy3-labeled YB-1.</p

The effect of intranasally injected YB-1 on the amount of β-amyloid in the cortex and hippocampus of OBX mice (A) and 5XFAD mice (B, C).

<p>Abscissa, categorized groups of experimental animals. Ordinate, ELISA-estimated amount of mouse β-amyloid (1–40) in (A) and human β-amyloid (1–40) and (1–42) in (B, C) (ng per g of tissue (cortex+hippocampus)). According to the two-tail Student-test, for SO+saline (A) and Tg+saline (B, C) mice, the significant difference *p<0.05, ***p <0.001; for OBX+saline (A), the significant difference ⁺⁺⁺ p < 0.001; β-amyloid values are given as mean±SEM.</p

Distribution of HA-tagged YB-1 after its incubation with primary neuronal culture of rat hippocampus.

<p>The culture cells were incubated with HA-tagged YB-1 (<b>A</b>) or without it (<b>B</b>) for 2 h and stained with primary anti-HA antibodies (Sigma), followed by secondary antibodies conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488 (Invitrogen). Then samples supplemented with Pro Long Gold antifade reagent with DAPI were analyzed using a Leica TCS SPE confocal microscope. YB-1 gave green fluorescence, DAPI-stained nuclei gave blue fluorescence.</p

The effect of intranasally injected YB-1 on learning and spatial memory of 6-months-old 5XFAD mice as shown by tests in the Morris water maze.

<p><b>A</b>, A positive effect of intranasally injected YB-1 on learning abilities of transgenic 5XFAD mice (Tg+YB-1) as shown by training trials in the Morris water maze. <b>Abscissa</b>, the training period (days); <b>ordinate</b>, the latent period of finding the invisible save platform (s). <b>B</b>, Duration of staying in the maze sectors for the 1 min probe trial period. <b>C</b>, Frequency of visiting the maze sectors for the 1 min probe trial period. <b>Abscissa</b>, categorized groups of experimental animals. Hatched columns represent the target sector. Open columns represent indifferent sectors of the water maze. According to the Post hoc analysis with LSD test, significant differences *p <0.05; **p <0.01; ***p <0.001.</p