Identification of K-rich fragments in chondritic breccias using Imaging Plate (IP): an application to the planetary materials.

第2回極域科学シンポジウム/第34回南極隕石シンポジウム 11月17日（木） 国立国語研究所 2階講

Interstitial pneumonia associated with MPO-ANCA: Clinicopathological features of nine patients

SummaryMyeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (MPO-ANCA) is a well known marker for small vessel vasculitis. Recent reports have demonstrated that interstitial pneumonia (IP) may rarely be associated with serum MPO-ANCA. Yet, little is known about the histological features.We reviewed surgical lung biopsy from nine patients with IP of uncertain etiology with serum MPO-ANCA.There was a male predominance (6:3) with a median age of 62.1. Histologically, eight patients presented with a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern of pulmonary fibrosis, frequently accompanied by areas of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) pattern. One patient showed diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), and two patients showed mixture of UIP and DAD reflecting acute exacerbation of UIP. Microscopic honeycomb cysts were common, but fibroblastic foci were inconspicuous. The most frequent additional findings were small airway disease (9/9), and lymphoid follicles (7/9). Neither capillaritis nor vasculitis was seen in any of our cases. Three patients had microscopic hematuria, but none progressed to microscopic polyangiitis during the follow up. Mortality rate was 44% (median follow up 39.1 months).IP associated with MPO-ANCA showed characteristic histology dominated by UIP pattern. Vasculitis was not identified in our cohort, but small airways disease and lymphoid follicles were present in most cases. IP associated with MPO-ANCA may be a histologically distinctive disease from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Mortality was relatively high and life threatening acute exacerbation may occur

Oxygen uptake kinetics in trained adolescent females

Little evidence exists with regard to the effect that exercise training has upon oxygen uptake kinetics in adolescent females. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to compare [Formula: see text] and muscle deoxygenation kinetics in a group of trained (Tr) and untrained (Utr) female adolescents. METHOD: Twelve trained (6.4 ± 0.9 years training, 10.3 ± 1.4 months per year training, 5.2 ± 2.0 h per week) adolescent female soccer players (age 14.6 ± 0.7 years) were compared to a group (n = 8) of recreationally active adolescent girls (age 15.1 ± 0.6 years) of similar maturity status. Subjects underwent two, 6-min exercise transitions at a workload equivalent to 80 % of lactate threshold from a 3-min baseline of 10 W. All subjects had a passive rest period of 1 h between each square-wave transition. Breath-by-breath oxygen uptake and muscle deoxygenation were measured throughout and were modelled via a mono-exponential decay with a delay relative to the start of exercise. RESULT: Peak [Formula: see text] was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in the Tr compared to the Utr (Tr: 43.2 ± 3.2 mL kg(-1 )min(-1) vs. Utr: 34.6 ± 4.0 mL kg(-1 )min(-1)). The [Formula: see text] time constant was significantly (p < 0.05) faster in the Tr compared to the Utr (Tr: 26.3 ± 6.9 s vs. Utr: 35.1 ± 11.5 s). There was no inter-group difference in the time constant for muscle deoxygenation kinetics (Tr: 8.5 ± 3.0 s vs. Utr: 12.4 ± 8.3 s); a large effect size, however, was demonstrated (-0.804). CONCLUSION: Exercise training and/or genetic self-selection results in faster kinetics in trained adolescent females. The faster [Formula: see text] kinetics seen in the trained group may result from enhanced muscle oxygen utilisation

Gefitinib (ZD1839, Iressa™) as palliative treatment in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer

To assess the level of activity and toxicity of gefitinib (ZD1839, Iressa™) in a population of patients with locally recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer. Patients were recruited into an expanded access programme through the multidisciplinary head and neck clinics at the Royal Marsden and St George's Hospitals. Patients were required to have received at least one course of standard systemic chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or be medically unfit for chemotherapy. Patients were commenced on single-agent gefitinib at a dose of 500 mg day−1. Clinical, symptomatic and radiological response, time to progression (TTP), survival and toxicity were recorded. A total of 47 patients were enrolled (35 male and 12 female) with a median age of 62 years (range 18–93 years). The observed clinical response rate was 8% with a disease control rate (complete response, partial response, stable disease) of 36%. In all, 34% of patients experienced an improvement in their symptoms. The median TTP and survival were 2.6 and 4.3 months, respectively. Acneiform folliculitis was the most frequent toxicity observed (76%) but the majority of cases were grade 1 or 2. Only four patients experienced grade 3 toxicity of any type (all cases of folliculitis). Gefitinib was well tolerated and yielded symptomatic improvement in one-third of patients. However, this agent appeared to possess limited antitumour activity in this group of patients with head and neck cancer in whom the objective response rate, median TTP and survival were all lower than has been reported in a previous study

Dynamic modeling of the reactive twin-screw co-rotating extrusion process: experimental validation by using inlet glass fibers injection response and application to polymers degassing

International audienceIn this paper is described an original dynamic model of a reactive co-rotating twinscrew extrusion (TSE) process operated by the Rhodia company for the Nylon-66 degassing finishing step. In order to validate the model, dynamic experiments have been performed on a small-scale pilot plant. These experiments consist in a temporary injection of glass fibers at the inlet of the extruder after it has reached a given operating point. The outlet glass fibers mass fraction time variation is then measured. This experiment does not lead to the RTD measurement. As a matter of fact, due to the high quantity of glass fibers that is introduced, the behavior of the flow through the extruder is perturbed so that the glass fibers cannot be considered as an inert tracer. The dynamic model that we have published elsewhere (Choulak et al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2004, 43(23), 7373-7382) is adapted to take into account this nonlinear behavior of the extruder with respect to the glass fibers injection and is favorably compared to experimental results. The description of the degassing operation is also included in the model. The model allows simulations of the complete dynamic behavior of the process. When the steady state is reached, the good position of the degassing vent with respect to the partially and fully filled zones positions can also be checked, thus illustrating the way the model can be used for design purposes