Use of e-learning tools for teaching environmental management and sustainable develpment

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Magneto-optical Faraday imaging with an apertureless scanning near field optical microscope

We have developed an apertureless Scanning Near field Optical Microscope (SNOM) in transmission, devoted to near field magneto-optics. Our apertureless SNOM combines an inverted optical microscope, which has been adapted to Faraday effect imaging, with a commercial stand-alone Scanning Probe Microscope, used in Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) mode. Two different probes are validated as apertureless SNOM tips: a home-made etched tungsten wire and a commercial AFM silicon probe. We present and analyze preliminary images of the doMayn structure in iron garnets. They indicate a SNOM resolution clearly in the sub-micrometric range. Besides, the near field magneto-optical image presents some unexpected features, not revealed in far field images

Novel spectromicroscopy: Pt-GaP studies by spatially resolved internal photoemission with near-field optics

The combination of internal photoemission and near-field optics is proposed as a generally applicable approach to study the lateral variations of solid interface properties such as energy barriers and electron-hole recombination rates. A successful test on Pt-GaP is described in which topographic and nontopographic phenomena are revealed, in particular recombination rate variations and small lateral changes of the Schottky barrier height. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics

Near field optical microscopy and spectroscopy with STM and AFM probes

This article deals with a new generation of scanning near field optical microscopes (SNOM), called apertureless SNOM, based on metallic, semi-conductive or dielectric probes. The classification of the apertureless probe among the usual SNOM probes is discussed in the first part. Then, we present the different apertureless SNOM configurations that we develop, with various commercial AFM and home-made tungsten tips, and several illumination and collection modes. Finally, after a preliminary result in near field imaging, we propose a promising application of such microscopes dedicated to the near field fluorescence spectroscopy

Golimumab effectiveness in biologic inadequate responding patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and spondyloarthritis in real-life from the Italian registry GISEA

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of golimumab in biologic inadequate responder (IR) patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Spondyloarthritis (SpA), and Psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods: We analyzed 1424 patients on golimumab from the GISEA registry. Drug survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis in biologic-na\uefve, 1-biologic IR, 652-biologics IR patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) of discontinuing golimumab at 2 years were assessed by multivariate Cox regression. Patients achieving CDAI based low disease activity (LDA) or BASDAI<4 were calculated at 6 and 12 months. Results: In RA (n.370), the 2-years survival on golimumab was 61.4% in 1-biologic IR, 51.9% in 652-biologics IR, and 73.1% in biologic-naive patients (P=0.002 vs 652-biologics IR). In SpA (n.502), the survival was similar among 1-biologic IR (80%), 652-biologics IR (76.5%), and biologic-naive (74.6%) patients (P>0.05). In PsA (n.552) the survival was 72% in 1-biologic IR, 72.5% in 652-biologics IR, and 71.8% in na\uefve-biologic (P>0.05). Predictors of golimumab discontinuation were monotherapy (HR 1.65) for RA, female gender for SpA (HR 2.48) and PsA (HR 1.57). In RA, patients on CDAI-LDA were lower in 1-biologic IR (40%) or 652 biologics IR (40%) than in biologic-na\uefve (60%) group at 6 months (P=0.02), but no difference was observed at 12 months. In PsA and SpA, the percentage of patients on CDAI-LDA or BASDAI<4 at 6 months was almost identical across the subgroups. Conclusions: Golimumab had similar effectiveness in biologic-failure and biologic-na\uefve SpA and PsA, but seems to be less effective in multi-failure RA patients, especially as monotherapy. The best outcomes were seen in male patients

Golimumab effectiveness in biologic inadequate responding patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and spondyloarthritis in real-life from the Italian registry GISEA

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of golimumab in biologic inadequate responder (IR) patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Spondyloarthritis (SpA), and Psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods: We analyzed 1424 patients on golimumab from the GISEA registry. Drug survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis in biologic-naïve, 1-biologic IR, ≥2-biologics IR patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) of discontinuing golimumab at 2 years were assessed by multivariate Cox regression. Patients achieving CDAI based low disease activity (LDA) or BASDAI<4 were calculated at 6 and 12 months. Results: In RA (n.370), the 2-years survival on golimumab was 61.4% in 1-biologic IR, 51.9% in≥2-biologics IR, and 73.1% in biologic-naive patients (P=0.002 vs≥2-biologics IR). In SpA (n.502), the survival was similar among 1-biologic IR (80%), ≥2-biologics IR (76.5%), and biologic-naive (74.6%) patients (P>0.05). In PsA (n.552) the survival was 72% in 1-biologic IR, 72.5% in≥2-biologics IR, and 71.8% in naïve-biologic (P>0.05). Predictors of golimumab discontinuation were monotherapy (HR 1.65) for RA, female gender for SpA (HR 2.48) and PsA (HR 1.57). In RA, patients on CDAI-LDA were lower in 1-biologic IR (40%) or≥2 biologics IR (40%) than in biologic-naïve (60%) group at 6 months (P=0.02), but no difference was observed at 12 months. In PsA and SpA, the percentage of patients on CDAI-LDA or BASDAI<4 at 6 months was almost identical across the subgroups. Conclusions: Golimumab had similar effectiveness in biologic-failure and biologic-naïve SpA and PsA, but seems to be less effective in multi-failure RA patients, especially as monotherapy. The best outcomes were seen in male patients

Golimumab effectiveness in biologic inadequate responding patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and spondyloarthritis in real-life from the Italian registry GISEA

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of golimumab in biologic inadequate responder (IR) patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Spondyloarthritis (SpA), and Psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods: We analyzed 1424 patients on golimumab from the GISEA registry. Drug survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis in biologic-naïve, 1-biologic IR, ≥ 2-biologics IR patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) of discontinuing golimumab at 2 years were assessed by multivariate Cox regression. Patients achieving CDAI based low disease activity (LDA) or BASDAI &lt; 4 were calculated at 6 and 12 months. Results: In RA (n.370), the 2-years survival on golimumab was 61.4% in 1-biologic IR, 51.9% in ≥ 2-biologics IR, and 73.1% in biologic-naive patients (P = 0.002 vs ≥ 2-biologics IR). In SpA (n.502), the survival was similar among 1-biologic IR (80%), ≥ 2-biologics IR (76.5%), and biologic-naive (74.6%) patients (P &gt; 0.05). In PsA (n.552) the survival was 72% in 1-biologic IR, 72.5% in ≥ 2-biologics IR, and 71.8% in naïve-biologic (P &gt; 0.05). Predictors of golimumab discontinuation were monotherapy (HR 1.65) for RA, female gender for SpA (HR 2.48) and PsA (HR 1.57). In RA, patients on CDAI-LDA were lower in 1-biologic IR (40%) or ≥ 2 biologics IR (40%) than in biologic-naïve (60%) group at 6 months (P = 0.02), but no difference was observed at 12 months. In PsA and SpA, the percentage of patients on CDAI-LDA or BASDAI &lt; 4 at 6 months was almost identical across the subgroups. Conclusions: Golimumab had similar effectiveness in biologic-failure and biologic-naïve SpA and PsA, but seems to be less effective in multi-failure RA patients, especially as monotherapy. The best outcomes were seen in male patients