Combined Open and Endovascular Stent Grafting of Internal Carotid Artery Fibromuscular Dysplasia: Long Term Results

AbstractBackgroundSymptomatic fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) can present as thrombo-embolic ischemic events, spontaneous or post-traumatic dissection, aneurysmal degeneration or intracranial haemorrhage and needs definitive surgical treatment.Patients and methodsSix patients and nine ICA with FMD were revascularised using a carotid approach with minimal exposure of the common, external and internal carotid arteries for covered stent repair. All patients were female, the age ranged from 30 to 65 years (mean 44).ResultsOne patient suffered from a perioperative transient neurological deficit. Duplex revealed a patent stent. The patient fully recovered after 5h, not showing any changes on repeat CT scans. One patient developed a recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. The symptoms gradually resolved within 1 month. No perioperative strokes or deaths occurred. During a mean follow up of 48 months (range 13–63) no thromboembolic neurological events, graft occlusions or haemodynamically significant stenoses occurred.ConclusionICA FMD stent grafting is an alternative to open surgery or percutaneous endovascular intervention with excellent long-term results

Antimicrobial Efficacy of the Silver Wound Dressing Biatain Ag in a Disc Carrier Test Simulating Wound Secretion

Aim: The efficacy of antimicrobial compounds included in wound dressings has been determined using the quantitative suspension test according to EN 13727 before. However, as suspension tests are not an accurate reflection of the conditions under which wound antiseptics are used, it was investigated if a disc carrier test would yield results simulating practical conditions on wound surfaces. A silver-leaching foam wound dressing was used for evaluation of the disc carrier test method. Method: The disc carriers consisted of circular stainless-steel discs measuring 2 cm in diameter and 1.5 mm in thickness, complying with the requirements of EN 10088-2. Carriers were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, together with an artificial wound secretion and left to dry at room temperature for 30 min. The wound dressings being tested were placed on the discs for the length of the exposure time, and after neutralization by thioglycolate in phosphate-buffered saline the number of surviving test organisms was then counted. The logarithmic reduction factor was calculated from the difference between the initial inoculum and the number of recovered test organisms. Results: The disc carrier test allowed determination of an antimicrobial efficacy in a realistic setting. It also imposed more stringent requirements on efficacy over time than the quantitative suspension test. The silver foam wound dressing showed a time-dependent antimicrobial efficacy. After 24-hour application time, the reduction factors against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and the methicillin-resistant S. aureus were 1.9 ± 0.15, 2.1 ± 0.14 and 3.1 ± 0.18, respectively. Conclusion: The disc carrier test was a useful method for testing the antimicrobial efficacy of a foam silver dressing. The antimicrobial dressing exhibited an antimicrobial effect after 3 h and achieved a reduction >2 log against the tested bacterial strains in the presence of a simulated wound secretion after 24 h

Clinical Use of the Antiseptic Polihexanide for Genital Tract Infections

Background: In clinical practice, treatment of genital tract infections is based on administration of either antibiotics or antiseptics. While antibiotics may be applied systemically or topically, antiseptics may be applied only topically. In case of bacterial vaginosis (BV), antibiotic therapy may often be limited and side effects due to systemic administration may develop. Polihexanide (PHMB) is a promising option for the topical treatment of genital tract infections, in particular BV and vaginitis. Method: A systematic search for publications on the use of PHMB for the treatment of genital infections in two electronic databases was performed. Titles, abstracts and citations were imported into a reference database. Duplicates were removed and two reviewers assessed each identified publication separately. Results: Among a total of 204 references, 3 prospective randomized trials were identified. Two trials treated BV infections with PHMB in comparison to clindamycin as antibiotic standard therapy with no significant differences either in safety or in efficacy. The third controlled trial investigated the clinical efficacy of PHMB compared to placebo in the treatment of human papilloma virus. Patients treated with PHMB daily for up to 16-weeks showed significantly higher (52%) clearance of genital warts as compared to patients treated with placebo (4%). Conclusion: PHMB may be a clinically effective alternative for the treatment of BV and human papilloma virus. Although PHMB-based antiseptics are available since the late 90s, controlled trials to investigate its clinical potential for antiseptic treatment are scant. Clinical use of antiseptics for the treatment of infectious diseases should be explored and supported further

Plasma d-Lactate as a Potential Early Marker for Colon Ischaemia After Open Aortic Reconstruction

AbstractBackground and aimThe breakdown of mucosal barrier function due to intestinal hypo-perfusion is the earliest dysfunction of ischaemic colitis. Severe colon ischaemia after aortic reconstruction is associated with mortality rates up to 90%. Therefore, early detection and treatment of patients with extensive ischaemic colitis is of crucial importance. In experimental studies, both d-lactate and bacterial endotoxin have been reported as markers of intestinal mucosal barrier impairment. However, evidence of their value in clinical practice is lacking. The aim of this pilot prospective cohort study was to assess the association between ischaemia of the colon (assessed histologically) and plasma levels of d-lactate and endotoxin in patients undergoing open aortic reconstruction.Patients and methodsTwelve consecutive patients underwent surgery between February and April 2003. Six patients underwent emergency surgery and six patients elective aortic surgery. d-Lactate and endotoxin levels were measured in blood samples collected according to a standardised protocol. For histological examination biopsies were obtained by sigmoidoscopy on days 4–6 after surgery, or earlier if indicated clinically.ResultsAs early as 2h postoperatively, elevated plasma levels of d-lactate were measured in patients with histologically proven ischaemic colitis. The peak of d-lactate elevation was on postoperative days 1 and 2. Concentration of plasma endotoxin was not significantly different in patients with or without ischaemic colitis.ConclusionOur data suggest that plasma d-lactate levels are a useful marker for early detection of ischaemic colitis secondary to aortic surgery

Septic hip abscess due to Fusobacterium nucleatum and Actinomyces turicensis in an immunocompetent SARS-CoV-2 positive patient

A 42-year-old man was referred to the Department of Orthopedic Surgery with pain over his right greater trochanter and signs of systemic infection. CT showed an enhanced mass in his gluteus maximus as well as gas in the biceps femoris over the underlying hip joint. Tissue biopsy yielded Fusobacterium nucleatum and Actinomyces turicensis. The patient was successfully treated for 6 weeks with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 875mg/125mg and metronidazole 500mg

Efficacy of Different Carrier Gases for Barrier Discharge Plasma Generation Compared to Chlorhexidine on the Survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Embedded in Biofilm in vitro

Because of its antimicrobial properties, nonthermal plasma could serve as an alternative to chemical antisepsis in wound treatment. Therefore, this study investigated the inactivation of biofilm-embedded Pseudomonas aeruginosa SG81 by a surface barrier-discharged (SBD) plasma for 30, 60, 150 and 300 s. In order to optimize the efficacy of the plasma, different carrier gases (argon, argon admixed with 1% oxygen, and argon with increased humidity up to approx. 80%) were tested and compared against 0.1% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) exposure for 600 s. The antimicrobial efficacy was determined by calculating the difference between the numbers of colony-forming units (CFU) of treated and untreated biofilms. Living bacteria were distinguished from dead by fluorescent staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Both SBD plasmas and CHG showed significant antimicrobial effects compared to the untreated control. However, plasma treatment led to a higher antimicrobial reduction (argon plasma 4.9 log10 CFU/cm2, argon with admixed oxygen 3 log10 CFU/cm2, and with increased gas humidity 2.7 log10 CFU/cm2 after 300 s) compared to CHG. In conclusion, SBD plasma is suitable as an alternative to CHG for inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa embedded in biofilm. Further development of SBD plasma sources and research on the role of carrier gases and humidity may allow their clinical application for wound management in the future