90 research outputs found
Analysis of the electric field gradient in the perovskites SrTiO3 and BaTiO3: density functional and model calculations
We analyze recent measurements [R. Blinc, V. V. Laguta, B. Zalar, M. Itoh and
H. Krakauer, J. Phys. : Cond. Mat., v.20, 085204 (2008)] of the electric field
gradient on the oxygen site in the perovskites SrTiO3 and BaTiO3, which
revealed, in agreement with calculations, a large difference in the EFG for
these two compounds. In order to analyze the origin of this difference, we have
performed density functional electronic structure calculations within the
local-orbital scheme FPLO. Our analysis yields the counter-intuitive behavior
that the EFG increases upon lattice expansion. Applying the standard model for
perovskites, the effective two-level p-d Hamiltonian, can not explain the
observed behavior. In order to describe the EFG dependence correctly, a model
beyond this usually sufficient p-d Hamiltonian is needed. We demonstrate that
the counter-intuitive increase of the EFG upon lattice expansion can be
explained by a s-p-d model, containing the contribution of the oxygen 2s states
to the crystal field on the Ti site. The proposed model extension is of general
relevance for all related transition metal oxides with similar crystal
structure.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
The methods of students training of chelyabinsk energy college for contests and competitions
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² Π§Π΅Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅. ΠΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π°, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ WorldSkills.This article deals with a summarizing of the experiment of qualified specialists training in the sphere of energy. The experiment was conducted at βChelyabinsk Energy Collegeβ. The main part is assigned to the industrial training, in the course of which the basic general and professional competences, and also desire for participation in professional skills competitions are formed at students. Special attention is dedicated to the question of training for the competitions on WorldSkills standards
Cytokine profile in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 of different severity
Analysis of cytokine profile markers in conjunction with the clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can provide valuable information about the pathogenetic manifestations of the disease, and therefore, in the future, determine drugs that affect the cytokine storm and have an anti-inflammatory effect.Aim. To identify correlations between the parameters of the developed cytokine profile and the clinical course in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 of different severity.Material and methods. The study included 70 hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, with a mean age of 58 [50;69] years, including 40 men (57%) and 30 women (43%). The average lung involvement according to computed tomography (CT) at admission was CT-2 [1;3]. Peripheral venous blood was taken at admission, which averaged 7 [6; 8] days from the symptom onset. Standard biochemical parameters were studied, as well as 47 cytokines and chemokines using the Multiplex system (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).Results. Correlations was found between the lung involvement degree and the level of IL-8 (r=0,31, p<0,05), IL-15 (r=0,35, p<0,05), IL-18 (r=0,31, p<0,05), MCP-1 (r=0,36, p<0,05), MIG (r=0,50, p<0,05), TNF-Ξ± (r=0,41, p<0,05). An inverse correlation was also found in the level of blood oxygen saturation with the same indicators as follows: IL-8 (r=-0,27, p<0,05), IL-15 (r=-0,34, p<0,05), IL-18 (r=-0,31, p<0,05), MCP-1 (r=-0,40, p<0,05), MIG (r=-0,56, p<0,05), TNF-Ξ± (r=-0,45, p<0,05). IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in patients with severe COVID-19 (CT3, CT4), while no increase in IL-6 was observed in patients with moderate disease (CT1, CT2). It is noteworthy that in patients with diabetes, the highest values of IL-12, IL-9 were recorded.Conclusion. Hyperinflammatory syndrome in severe COVID-19 is manifested by high levels of IL-6, MIG, MDC, MCP-1, M-CSF, TNF-Ξ±, Ξ², IL-8, IL-18, IL-15. With the CT-1 and CT-2, an increase in only the level of IL-18, IL-8 is noted. The identified patterns prove and make it possible to explain a number of systemic inflammatory changes that occur with COVID-19
Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°
Β The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) controls the activity, subcellular localization, and stability of many cellular proteins that affect cellular homeostasis by regulating multiple signaling cascades. The activity of this system is associated with the emergence and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma, since specific proteolysis of most intracellular proteins involved in the pathogenesis of cancer is implemented by this system.The review article presents data on the characteristics of proteasomes and the process of substrate protein ubiquitination. The role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma is shown, and the prospects of its use in precancerous diseases are described. TheΒ literature search was carried out in the search engines Medline, eLIBRARY, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and RSCI.Β Β Π£Π±ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠ±ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π· ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π°Β Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ.Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅Β ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²Β ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
Medline, Elibrary, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, Π ΠΠΠ¦.
ΠΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠΏΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ
Β Background. The calpain proteolytic system plays an important role in the development of cancer. Detection of early cancer in the upper respiratory tract is often challenging, as symptoms are largely non-specific, and most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage.Aim. To identify candidate markers of transition from premalignant lesions to invasive carcinoma, we studied mRNA expression levels of CAPN1 and CAPN2 and the total activity of calpains in the tumor tissues of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and in the epithelial dysplasia-affected tissues of patients with chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract.Materials and methods. The study included 32 patients with HNSCC (Π’1-3N0-1Π0) and 12 patients with chronic diseases of the upper respiratory system associated with epithelial dysplasia. The expression levels of CAPN1 and CAPN2 were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The calpain activity was determined by hydrolysis of the fluorogenic Suc-LLVY-AMC oligopeptide.Results. The mRNA expression levels of CAPN1 and CAPN2 were respectively 3 and 4 times higher in the tumor tissue of patients with HNSCC than in the tissue of patients with endothelial dysplasia in the upper respiratory tract. The level of calpain activity was 4.4 times higher in patients with HNSCC than in patients with epithelial dysplasia of different severity.Conclusion. The elevated mRNA expression levels of CAPN1 and CAPN2 and their activity in the tumor tissues of patients with HNSCC compared to patients with chronic respiratory diseases associated with epithelial dysplasia are likely to characterize a high potential for transition from precancerous lesion to cancer. To clarify the role of calpains in the carcinogenesis of HNSCC, further studies of intact tissues using animal models are required. Β Β ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠΏΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ, Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°.Π‘ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°Β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ CAPN1, CAPN2 ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠΏΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΈ (ΠΠ ΠΠ¨) ΠΈ Π²Β Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ 32 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΠ ΠΠ¨ (Π’1-3N0-1Π0), Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 12 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΒ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΒ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ CAPN1 ΠΈ CAPN2 ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Β ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠΏΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Β ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Suc-LLVY-AMC.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ CAPN1 ΠΈ CAPN2 (Π² 3 ΠΈ 4 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ) Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠ ΠΠ¨ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΒ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠΏΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Β ΠΠ ΠΠ¨, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π² 4,4 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π» ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈΒ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ CAPN1 ΠΈΒ CAPN2 ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠΏΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡ
Β ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠ ΠΠ¨ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΒ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΒ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΒ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠΏΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π²Β ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΠ ΠΠ¨ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΒ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ
.
Functional characterization and biological significance of Yersinia pestis lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes
The Gram negative bacterium Yersinia pestis is the etiological agent of flea transmitted fulminant systemic rodent zoonosis and the reason of the three devastating pandemics of plague Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is an impor tant factor of pathogenicity of Gram negative bacteria. The full LPS molecule (S form LPS) consists of three well defined domains: i) lipid A composed of sugars, fatty acids, and phosphate; it represents the endotoxic princi ple of the LPS and anchors it in the outer membrane; ii) a core oligosaccharide containing charged groups; and iii) an O specific polysaccharide (O antigen), which carries ISSN 0006 2979, Biochemistry (Moscow), 2011, Vol. 76, No. 7, pp. 808 822. Β© Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2011. Published in Russian in Biokhimiya, 2011, Vol. 76, No. 7, pp. 989 1005 Abstract-In silico analysis of available bacterial genomes revealed the phylogenetic proximity levels of enzymes responsible for biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, to homologous proteins of closely relat ed Yersinia spp. and some other bacteria (Serratia proteamaculans, Erwinia carotovora, Burkholderia dolosa, Photorhabdus luminescens and others). Isogenic Y. pestis mutants with single or double mutations in 14 genes of LPS biosynthetic path ways were constructed by site directed mutagenesis on the base of the virulent strain 231 and its attenuated derivative. Using high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, the full LPS structures were elucidated in each mutant, and the sequence of monosaccharide transfers in the assembly of the LPS core was inferred. Truncation of the core decreased sig nificantly the resistance of bacteria to normal human serum and polymyxin B, the latter probably as a result of a less effi cient incorporation of 4 amino 4 deoxyarabinose into lipid A. Impairing of LPS biosynthesis resulted also in reduction of LPS dependent enzymatic activities of plasminogen activator and elevation of LD 50 and average survival time in mice and guinea pigs infected with experimental plague. Unraveling correlations between biological properties of bacteria and partic ular LPS structures may help a better understanding of pathogenesis of plague and implication of appropriate genes as potential molecular targets for treatment of plague
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