Физиологические корреляты математической тревожности в состоянии покоя и при ожидании решения математических задач

Математическая тревожность (МТ) – это чувство дискомфорта или страха при выполнении любых математических задач. Показано, что МТ влияет на успеваемость по математике. Люди с высокой математической тревожностью имеют умеренную реакцию мозговой активности даже не на само задание, а на ожидание решения математических задач. Известно, что электрическая активность кожи (ЭАК), частота сердечных сокращений (ЧСС) и вариабельность сердечного ритма являются чувствительными индикаторами стресса. Цель. Нашей целью было исследовать изменения физиологических показателей, таких как: электрическая активность кожи, частота сердечных сокращений и вариабельность сердечного ритма в состоянии покоя и при ожидании решения математических задач у участников с разным уровнем математической тревожности. Материалы и методы. В нашу выборку вошли 84 участника с высоким и низким уровнем математической тревожности. Экспериментальная процедура включала запись физиологических показателей в состоянии покоя, без специальных указаний и во время ожидания математических задач, когда участникам сообщалось, что далее они будут выполнять математические вычисления. Результаты. Исследование показало, что частота сердечных сокращений была значительно выше при ожидании решения математических задач у всех участников, независимо от уровня математической тревожности. Однако данный эффект был небольшой. Также были обнаружены различия в амплитуде электрической активности кожи у участников с разным уровнем математической тревожности. Заключение. Исследование показало, что частота сердечных сокращений чувствительна к такому эмоциональному состоянию, как ожидание решения математических задач, а изменение электрической активности кожи может выступать одним из индикаторов математической тревожности

Коррекция хронической печеночной недостаточности в эксперименте путем имплантации клеточно-инженерных конструкций: морфофункциональные характеристики

Objective: to study the effectiveness of correcting the morphofunctional characteristics of the liver in an experimental model of chronic liver disease (CLD), using implanted cell-engineered constructs (CECs).Materials and methods. Experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats (n = 80) aged 6–8 months with an initial weight of 230–250 g. CLD was modeled by inoculating the rats with 60% CCl4 oil solution for 42 days based on a modified scheme. Microgel based on recombinant spidroin rS1/9 was used as a matrix for CECs fabrication. Allogeneic liver cells (LCs) and multipotent bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) from a healthy donor were used as the cellular component of the CECs. The effectiveness of the corrective effect of the implanted CECs was assessed in an experimental CLD model (n = 60) in two groups of rats: Group 1 (control, n = 20, 1 mL of saline solution was injected into the damaged liver parenchyma) and Group 2 (experimental, n = 40, CECs containing allogenic LCs and BM-MSCs in a 5 : 1 ratio in a volume of 1 mL were implanted into the damaged liver parenchyma). For long-term monitoring of the CEC state, the CECs were labeled by additional inclusion in Cytodex-3. The effectiveness of the regulatory effect of CECs on regenerative processes in the liver was evaluated using biochemical, morphological and morphometric techniques, as well as by flow cytometry at 90 days after implantation.Results. In the control group, the mortality rate in CLD was 25%. There was no death in the experimental group with CLD after CEC implantation. The CECs were found to have a corrective effect on the biochemical and morphological parameters of the liver in CLD during 90 days of follow-up, with concomitant preservation of structural cellular homeostasis in the implanted CECs. Conclusion. Implantation of CECs in the liver facilitates effective correction of CLD by activating regenerative processes in the damaged liver, which is due to long-term preservation of structural cellular homeostasis in the CECs.Цель: на экспериментальной модели хронической печеночной недостаточности (ХПН) изучить эффективность коррекции морфофункциональных характеристик состояния печени с помощью имплантируемых в нее клеточно-инженерных конструкций (КИК).Материалы и методы. Опыты проведены на крысахсамцах породы Вистар (n = 80) в возрасте 6–8 месяцев с исходной массой 230–250 г. Моделирование ХПН осуществляли путем затравки крыс 60% масляным раствором CCl4 по модифицированной схеме в течение 42 суток. В качестве матрикса для изготовления КИК использовали микрогель на основе рекомбинантного спидроина rS1/9. Клеточным компонентом КИК служили аллогенные клетки печени (КП) и мультипотентные мезенхимальные стволовые клетки костного мозга (ММСК КМ) здорового донора. Эффективность корригирующего воздействия имплантируемых КИК оценивали на экспериментальной модели ХПН (n = 60) в двух группах крыс: 1-я группа – контроль (n = 20), в паренхиму поврежденной печени вводили 1 мл физиологического раствора; 2-я группа – экспериментальная (n = 40), в паренхиму поврежденной печени имплантировали КИК, содержащие аллогенные КП и ММСК КМ в соотношении 5 : 1 в объеме 1 мл. Для осуществления длительного наблюдения за состоянием КИК их маркировали путем дополнительного включения в состав Цитодекса-3. Эффективность регуляторного воздействия КИК на восстановительные процессы в печени оценивали с помощью биохимических, морфологических и морфометрических методов, а также метода проточной цитофлуометрии на сроке 90 суток после имплантации.Результаты. В контрольной группе летальность при моделировании ХПН составила 25%. Летальность в экспериментальной группе с ХПН при имплантации КИК отсутствовала. Установлено корригирующее воздействие КИК на используемые биохимические и морфологические показатели состояния печени при ХПН в течение 90 суток наблюдения при сопутствующем сохранении структурного гомеостаза клеток в имплантируемых КИК.Заключение. Использование КИК, имплантируемых в печень, позволяет осуществлять эффективную коррекцию ХПН путем активации восстановительных процессов в поврежденной печени, которая обусловлена длительным сохранением структурного гомеостаза клеток, включенных в состав КИК

Impact of renal impairment on atrial fibrillation: ESC-EHRA EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and renal impairment share a bidirectional relationship with important pathophysiological interactions. We evaluated the impact of renal impairment in a contemporary cohort of patients with AF. Methods: We utilised the ESC-EHRA EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry. Outcomes were analysed according to renal function by CKD-EPI equation. The primary endpoint was a composite of thromboembolism, major bleeding, acute coronary syndrome and all-cause death. Secondary endpoints were each of these separately including ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic event, intracranial haemorrhage, cardiovascular death and hospital admission. Results: A total of 9306 patients were included. The distribution of patients with no, mild, moderate and severe renal impairment at baseline were 16.9%, 49.3%, 30% and 3.8%, respectively. AF patients with impaired renal function were older, more likely to be females, had worse cardiac imaging parameters and multiple comorbidities. Among patients with an indication for anticoagulation, prescription of these agents was reduced in those with severe renal impairment, p <.001. Over 24 months, impaired renal function was associated with significantly greater incidence of the primary composite outcome and all secondary outcomes. Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated an inverse relationship between eGFR and the primary outcome (HR 1.07 [95% CI, 1.01–1.14] per 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 decrease), that was most notable in patients with eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2 (HR 2.21 [95% CI, 1.23–3.99] compared to eGFR ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2). Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients with AF suffer from concomitant renal impairment which impacts their overall management. Furthermore, renal impairment is an independent predictor of major adverse events including thromboembolism, major bleeding, acute coronary syndrome and all-cause death in patients with AF

Clinical complexity and impact of the ABC (Atrial fibrillation Better Care) pathway in patients with atrial fibrillation: a report from the ESC-EHRA EURObservational Research Programme in AF General Long-Term Registry

Background: Clinical complexity is increasingly prevalent among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The ‘Atrial fibrillation Better Care’ (ABC) pathway approach has been proposed to streamline a more holistic and integrated approach to AF care; however, there are limited data on its usefulness among clinically complex patients. We aim to determine the impact of ABC pathway in a contemporary cohort of clinically complex AF patients. Methods: From the ESC-EHRA EORP-AF General Long-Term Registry, we analysed clinically complex AF patients, defined as the presence of frailty, multimorbidity and/or polypharmacy. A K-medoids cluster analysis was performed to identify different groups of clinical complexity. The impact of an ABC-adherent approach on major outcomes was analysed through Cox-regression analyses and delay of event (DoE) analyses. Results: Among 9966 AF patients included, 8289 (83.1%) were clinically complex. Adherence to the ABC pathway in the clinically complex group reduced the risk of all-cause death (adjusted HR [aHR]: 0.72, 95%CI 0.58–0.91), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs; aHR: 0.68, 95%CI 0.52–0.87) and composite outcome (aHR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.58–0.85). Adherence to the ABC pathway was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of death (aHR: 0.74, 95%CI 0.56–0.98) and composite outcome (aHR: 0.76, 95%CI 0.60–0.96) also in the high-complexity cluster; similar trends were observed for MACEs. In DoE analyses, an ABC-adherent approach resulted in significant gains in event-free survival for all the outcomes investigated in clinically complex patients. Based on absolute risk reduction at 1 year of follow-up, the number needed to treat for ABC pathway adherence was 24 for all-cause death, 31 for MACEs and 20 for the composite outcome. Conclusions: An ABC-adherent approach reduces the risk of major outcomes in clinically complex AF patients. Ensuring adherence to the ABC pathway is essential to improve clinical outcomes among clinically complex AF patients

Impact of clinical phenotypes on management and outcomes in European atrial fibrillation patients: a report from the ESC-EHRA EURObservational Research Programme in AF (EORP-AF) General Long-Term Registry

Background: Epidemiological studies in atrial fibrillation (AF) illustrate that clinical complexity increase the risk of major adverse outcomes. We aimed to describe European AF patients\u2019 clinical phenotypes and analyse the differential clinical course. Methods: We performed a hierarchical cluster analysis based on Ward\u2019s Method and Squared Euclidean Distance using 22 clinical binary variables, identifying the optimal number of clusters. We investigated differences in clinical management, use of healthcare resources and outcomes in a cohort of European AF patients from a Europe-wide observational registry. Results: A total of 9363 were available for this analysis. We identified three clusters: Cluster 1 (n = 3634; 38.8%) characterized by older patients and prevalent non-cardiac comorbidities; Cluster 2 (n = 2774; 29.6%) characterized by younger patients with low prevalence of comorbidities; Cluster 3 (n = 2955;31.6%) characterized by patients\u2019 prevalent cardiovascular risk factors/comorbidities. Over a mean follow-up of 22.5 months, Cluster 3 had the highest rate of cardiovascular events, all-cause death, and the composite outcome (combining the previous two) compared to Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 (all P <.001). An adjusted Cox regression showed that compared to Cluster 2, Cluster 3 (hazard ratio (HR) 2.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.27\u20133.62; HR 3.42, 95%CI 2.72\u20134.31; HR 2.79, 95%CI 2.32\u20133.35), and Cluster 1 (HR 1.88, 95%CI 1.48\u20132.38; HR 2.50, 95%CI 1.98\u20133.15; HR 2.09, 95%CI 1.74\u20132.51) reported a higher risk for the three outcomes respectively. Conclusions: In European AF patients, three main clusters were identified, differentiated by differential presence of comorbidities. Both non-cardiac and cardiac comorbidities clusters were found to be associated with an increased risk of major adverse outcomes

New methods for laboratory diagnostics and control of efficiency of therapy of allergic diseases

Laser correlation spectroscopy (LCS) and analysis of toxicity of patient serum and urine for bovine spermatozoa (AT), new methods for laboratory diagnostics and control of the efficiency of prescribed treatment, were first used in allergological clinical practice. These methods enable screening etiological diagnostics of allergic diseases and evaluation of the severity of the pathological process and state of defense systems of the organism during treatment. Adequate diagnostics makes it possible to realize individual choice of treatment protocol, due to which long-term remission can be expected. We examined 250 patients (mean age 34,4 ± 2 years) with documented allergic disease of medium severity and 145 healthy individuals (mean age 38,1 ± 1 years). Significant differences were revealed in the functional state of the defense systems in these groups. It was found that endogenous intoxication develops in the majority of patients; it is characterized by reduced index of blood toxicity (IBT) and elevated index of urine toxicity (IUT) as well as increased contribution of small particles of blood serum into light scatter. During therapy we observed a decrease in IUT, which attested to correction of the state of humoral defense system of the organism. Alleviation of the pathological state was confirmed by clinical findings. Our results suggest that new methods are highly informative and safe and should be introduced into allergologist's practics

CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF SCAFFOLD MADE FROM RECOMBINANT SPIDER SILK

We studied the viability and dynamic of cell distribution during long-term cultivation of broblasts 3T3 in spider silk spidroin 1-based scaffold. Laser scanning confocal microscopy is shown to have advantages for visualization of cells situated on the external and internal surfaces of scaffold. Fibroblasts maintain high proliferative ability and viability during long term cultivation. Spidroin 1-based scaffold are the perspective materials for bioengineering