Targeting the principle implementation in the system of social support

Purpose: The article aims to identify the actual problems of implementing the principle of targeting in the social protection system in Russia and to develop a set of measures to transform the mechanism of its provision based on a differentiated approach, which implies not only differences in the size of social transfers, but also on various forms of such support. Design/Methodology/Approach: As the basic approaches of the study there were chosen the theory of social investment and the conception of result-based budgeting. The study suggested the development of a more effective financial support system, the substantiation of a differentiated approach to the organization of a social system based on a single method by determining the degree of financial vulnerability of citizens and the development of methodological recommendations on the use of financial instruments to strengthen the targeting of social protection of needy citizens. Findings: The article substantiates that the necessary condition for the transformation of the social protection system to strengthen the social and financial security of needy citizens is the development of a differentiated approach in the provision of social support measures. Practical Implications: The results of the study can be implemented into the management of social protection in order to improve its efficiency and effectiveness by using the targeting of social transfers based on clear criteria of need, the differentiated approach implementation in determining the measures of social support through the use of "map of social support of citizens", expanding the application of social contract technology. Originality/Value: The set of measures proposed in the study will make it possible not only to adjust and direct social support to really needy recipients and to differentiate the volume of the support provided, but also to create conditions for the recipients of targeted protection to self-sufficiency, which, in turn, will contribute to the poverty reduction.peer-reviewe

"Зелений" синтез етилових естерів 4-гідрокси-2-оксо-1,2-дигідрохінолін-3-карбонових кислот

One of the most convenient methods for obtaining ethyl of N-substituted 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylates and their tricyclic analogues at present is condensation of the corresponding anilines with triethyl methanetricarboxylate. In spite of the fact that there are many methods describing the successful performance of this reaction in conditions of laboratory, but unfortunately, all of them appeared to be completely unusable for large production for a variety of reasons. The study of quality of the esters of 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acids by HPLC has shown that all of them contain from 2.4 to 5.6% of specific admixtures of 4-hydroxy-1,2-dihydroquinolin- 2-ones. In laboratory conditions these amounts can be neglected, but for industrial manufacture they can turn into great losses. The source of admixtures of 4-hydroxy-1,2-dihydroquinolin-2-ones appearing in crude esters can be only the esters themselves. It is obvious that ester grouping is partially destroyed not in the process of separation of the final products, but during the course of the basic reaction. It has been experimentally proven that the cause of contamination of the target products with the admixtures of the corresponding 4-hydroxy-1,2-dihydroquinolin-2-ones is water, which is present in reagents. Applying the principles of «green chemistry» the alternative for carrying out the syntheses of ethyl 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylates adapted for industrial manufacture has been suggested on the basis of N-substituted anilines and triethyl methanetricarboxylate.Одним из наиболее удобных способов получения этиловых эфиров N-замещённых 4-гидрокси-2-оксо-1,2-дигидрохинолин-3-карбоновых кислот и их трициклических аналогов в настоящее время остаётся конденсация соответствующих анилинов с триэтилметантрикарбоксилатом. Несмотря на то, что методов успешного проведения этой реакции в лабораторных условиях описано достаточно много, все они, к сожалению, по разным причинам оказались совершенно непригодными для крупного производства. Изучение качества получаемых сложных эфиров 4-гидрокси-2-оксо-1,2-дигидрохинолин-3-карбоновых кислот методом ВЭЖХ показало, что все они содержат от 2,4 до 5,6% специфических примесей 4-гидрокси-1,2-дигидрохинолин-2-онов. В лабораторной практике этими количествами можно пренебречь, но для промышленного производства они могут обернуться значительными потерями. Источником появления в неочищенных эфирах примесей 4-гидрокси-1,2-дигидрохинолин-2-онов могут быть только сами эти эфиры. Очевидно сложноэфирная группировка частично разрушается не при выделении конечных продуктов, а ещё в процессе проведения основной реакции. Экспериментально доказано, что причиной загрязнения целевых продуктов примесями соответствующих 4-гидрокси-1,2-дигидрохинолин-2-онов является присутствующая в реагентах вода. Руководствуясь принципами «зелёной химии», мы предложили адаптированный под промышленное производство вариант проведения синтезов этиловых эфиров 4-гидрокси-2-оксо-1,2-дигидрохинолин-3-карбоновых кислот на основе N-замещённых анилинов и триэтилметантрикарбоксилата.Одним з найбільш зручних способів одержання етилових естерів N-заміщених 4-гідрокси-2-оксо-1,2-дигідрохінолін-3-карбонових кислот та їх трициклічних аналогів на теперішній час залишається конденсація відповідних анілінів з триетилметантрикарбоксилатом. Незважаючи на те, що методів успішного проведення цієї реакції в лабораторних умовах описано досить багато, всі вони, на жаль, з різних причин виявились зовсім непридатними для масштабного виробництва. Вивчення якості одержуваних естерів 4-гідрокси-2- оксо-1,2-дигідрохінолін-3-карбонових кислот методом ВЕРХ показало, що всі вони містять від 2,4 до 5,6% специфічних домішок 4-гідрокси-1,2-дигідрохінолін-2-онів. У лабораторній практиці такими кількостями можна знехтувати, але для промислового виробництва вони можуть обернутися значними втратами. Джерелом появи в неочищених естерах домішок 4-гідрокси-1,2-дигідрохінолін-2-онів можуть бути тільки самі ці естери. Очевидно естерне угрупування частково розкладається не при виділенні кінцевих продуктів, а ще в процесі проведення основної реакції. Експериментально доведено, що причиною забруднення цільових продуктів специфічними домішками відповідних 4-гідрокси-1,2-дигідрохінолін-2-онів є присутня в реагентах вода. Керуючись принципами «зеленої хімії», ми запропонували адаптований під промислове виробництво варіант проведення синтезів етилових естерів 4-гідрокси-2-оксо-1,2-дигідрохінолін-3-карбонових кислот на основі N-заміщених анілінів та триетилметантрикарбоксилату

СТОСОВНО НАУКОВО-МЕТОДИЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СУДОВО-ЕКСПЕРТНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

One of the most important requirements of the modern forensic expert procedure - ensuring of the principle of scientific validity of the techniques applied is considered. It’s generally accepted to divide scientific events into three types: scientific-theoretical, scientific-practical and scientific-technical. The majority of international meetings offorensic experts, despite the fact that in the process of their performing there are discussed both theoretical and technical issues, should be attributed to the number of scientific-practical. This is due to the fact that the issues that are discussed, primarily highlight the problems of using scientific methods in practical forensic-expert activity. As the practice shows, the questions ofscientific validity of the expert technique and scientific-methodical grounding of its applying in the performance of expertise may have different semantic, operational, and legal interpretation.Based on the analysis of the materials of the 69th Conference of the American Academy of Forensic Examinations, the possibility of solving the most important methodological problems of forensic examination is considered. It’s first of all the achievement of clear clarity and objectivity in the evaluation ofscientific standards for the reliability and trustworthiness offorensic-expert methods and the possibility of their applying in forensic-expert researches. In all countries of the world, forensic laboratories have similar equipment, and experts from different countries apply standard techniques for analyzing the results obtained with the help of this or that technique. The conclusions offoreign scientists are analyzed for the further development of legislation on forensic examination and harmonization of forensic expert cooperation. It’s necessary to continue studying the international experience on increasing the scientific grounding of forensic- expert techniques and to use the results obtained in a wide range of measures to improve the quality of expert research and reduce the terms of its conduct.Приділено увагу одній із найважливіших вимог сучасного судово-експертного провадження - забезпечення принципу наукової обґрунтованості застосовуваних методик. На основі аналізу матеріалів 69-ї конференції Американської академії судових експертиз розглянуто можливість вирішення найбільш важливих методологічних проблем судової експертизи

Contemporary challenges of state’s financial policy in the social sphere

The article is aimed at determining the bottlenecks of contemporary state’s financial policy development in social sphere and their relevant solutions. The study’s goal is considering the financial support of social sphere in conditions of curbing the state funding and widening the private financial sources without lowering the standard of living. It justifies the factors of social costs’ growth by spotting the social expenditures’ reserves, by analyzing the background of non-government funding sources of social services and by defining directions for further social solutions.peer-reviewe

Current state, problems and priority areas of social policy in contemporary Russia

A new model of social policy in Russia is being created under conditions of functioning federal system, characterized by extremely varying development levels of the Russian Federation subjects and by a range of their social problems, which become particularly urgent in connection with the low level of real income of the population, excessive social differentiation, existing socially disadvantaged population groups. In that regard, it is necessary to establish a holistic mechanism of social policy, where the primary role is attached to financial regulators. The purpose of the present study is to define ongoing problems of social policy implementing and financing in contemporary Russia and to outline appropriate solutions to these problems. The article provides the research results as follows: social policy development and functioning patterns and their influence on the population’s living standards and quality of life in the country; analysis of trends in the budget spending on financing priority areas in social policy; identification of institutional and financial barriers to functioning of social sectors; determination of directions for further study of solutions to the development problems of the country’s social policy.peer-reviewe

Conceptual approach to the development of financial technologies in the context of digitalization of economic processes

The successful introduction of the digital economy into the information space of the Russian Federation involves the solution of several problems associated with the transition to a new paradigm of economic development based on the digitization of social and economic processes. At the same time, the existing regulatory mechanisms and legislation do not create optimal conditions for the development of the market of new financial instruments and technologies in Russia today. There are socio-economic risks, the key ones including an increase in the outflow of capital and innovative projects to other countries, a lack of confidence on the part of potential investors in new financial instruments, a decrease in the stability of traditional financial institutions. On this basis, the following tasks have been set in this article. To consider the terminology in the field of digital economy from the theoretical aspect; to identify trends and justify the need for digitalization of economic processes based on the use of new financial technologies; to reveal the informative characteristics of financial technologies promising for Russia. This article ends with a conclusion that the development of the digital economy in Russia is due to the need to ensure the information and economic security of the state, realize the potential of the new economy to improve the standard of living and national well-being through the introduction of innovative communication and financial technologies. The impact of the “digital economy” on socio-economic processes is multifaceted. It is sustainable and permeates all spheres of life, being an integral part of modern society.peer-reviewe

Risk control in modeling financial management systems of large corporations in the digital economy

Purpose: Growth in the uncertain business environment leads to the formation of demand for new institutional and legal conditions for the financial and investment strategies. The article discusses features of risk-oriented control in the context of digitalization. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study involves modern concepts of uncertainty theory and risk management solutions coupled with the analysis of factors affecting the system risk formation and development. Findings: Authors have developed the features of a modern global economic system, influencing risk formation and development, highlighted the prospects for the digitization of business systems and concluded that in terms of digitization interactive interagency cooperation of the real economy development support is main and required element of the Russian economic system's institutional matrix. Practical Implications: The research results may be implemented into financial management systems of large industrial corporations. Originality/Value: The main contribution of this study is the modern digitalization pattern affecting the financial systems'development.peer-reviewe

Financial engineering in a mechanism of public-private partnership in realization of the regional investment projects

Under the conditions of limited economic growth and risk of budget deficit the concept of financial engineering allows corporate structures with state participation optimizing financial resources movement, attracting additional sources of financing and minimizing cost of their usage. On the basis of financial engineering instruments the corporations solve the tasks of diverse complexity in the field of financial transactions, in particular with securities, make a balanced decision when developing financial and investment projects.peer-reviewe

Digital technologies in lending small and medium-size enterprises in Russia

Purpose: The article is devoted to the assessment of changes in the forms and methods of lending Russian Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). The purpose is to outline the role of digital technologies in the system of lending SMEs in Russia. Design/Methodology/Approach: To achieve this goal it is necessary: first, to outline the main changes in the banking industry considering digital technologies, second, to list the main banking products, how digital technologies influence the most (banks as ecosystems) and third, to describe how digital technologies are beneficial in lending SMEs. Findings: The authors defined the crucial role of digital technologies, underlined the leading role of the Russian financial sector in the world according to experts and offered the scheme of a digital banking product development. Also, the authors compared digital development in the EU and in Russia and made the conclusion towards some new opportunities to SMEs. Practical Implications: The research results may be implicated in a system of lending by means of digital products offered to SMEs and future key points of development in the digital sphere for the commercial banks, e-trade and fintech companies. Originality/Value: The main contribution of this article is in comparison between digital development in the EU and Russia, some leading role of the Russian banks in the world, description of a digital banking product development and considering the experience of the ecosystem of Sberbank for SMEs in Russia.peer-reviewe