Measuring the purity of a qubit state: entanglement estimation with fully separable measurements

Given a finite number $N$ of copies of a qubit state we compute the maximum fidelity that can be attained using joint-measurement protocols for estimating its purity. We prove that in the asymptotic $N\to\infty$ limit, separable-measurement protocols can be as efficient as the optimal joint-measurement one if classical communication is used. This in turn shows that the optimal estimation of the entanglement of a two-qubit state can also be achieved asymptotically with fully separable measurements. The relationship between our global Bayesian approach and the quantum Cramer-Rao bound is also discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, RevTeX, improved versio

7-(tert-Butyl­diphenyl­sil­yloxy)-2,2-dimethyl-1-benzofuran-3(2H)-one

The title compound, C26H28O3Si, is an allylic oxidation product of the tert-but­yl(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro­benzo­furan-7-yl­oxy)diphenyl­silane with N-bromo­succinimide and 2,2′-azobis-isobutyronitrile. The nine-atom bicyclic system is almost planar, with an r.m.s deviation of 0.0123 (2) Å and a maximum deviation of 0.031 (2) Å for the O atom. In the crystal, the mol­ecules pile up along the b axis but the strongest inter­molecular contacts are the π–π stacking inter­actions between the benzene rings along the c axis [centroid–centroid distance = 3.655 (3) Å]

Application of the multimodal transfer matrix method in dielectric periodic structures with higher symmetries

The Multimodal Transfer Matrix Method (MMTMM) is a hybrid method to compute the propagation constants of periodic structures that combines in-house/commercial software and later post-processing [1], [2]. Its main advantage over commercial eigensolvers is the possibility to find the attenuation constant not only due to material losses but also to electromagnetic bandgaps and/or radiation. However, thanks to the use of commercial software, any complex structure with different materials and/or arbitrary geometry can be analyzed, as opposed to other quasi-analytical and numerical approaches found in the literature such as circuit models [3] or mode matching [4]. The MMTMM models the unit cell of a periodic structure as a multiport network where each pair of ports accounts for a propagative/evanescent/leaky mode in the structure. This means that the coupling between higher order modes is considered in the simulation, which is more accurate in general, and essential in other cases, such as in the study of higher-symmetric periodic structures. In this work, we propose the use of the MMTMM to obtain the attenuation constant, as well as having a fundamental understanding of two periodic dielectric structures with higher symmetries. A periodic structure possesses a higher symmetry if it is invariant after more than one geometrical operator [5]. Two main spatial higher symmetries can be found in the literature: glide and twist. A glide-symmetric structure is invariant after a mirroring and a translation of half of the period. Differently, a periodic structure possesses twist symmetry after a number N of rotations and translations. The first structure under study is a glide-symmetric dielectric-filled corrugated waveguide. As previously reported in [6], this structure allows for the propagation of backward modes below the hollow waveguide cut-off frequency. This backward mode was analyzed with a convergence study of the MMTMM to investigate the waveguide modes that contribute to its propagation. The second structure under study is a twist-symmetric dielectric waveguide. In [7], it was reported that the employed three-fold configuration of this structure allows for the propagation of circularly-polarized modes that makes it polarization selective in a specific frequency band. This polarization selection band is characterized with the MMTMM to estimate the losses of both left and right-handed modes

Efficacy of free glutathione and niosomal glutathione in the treatment of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in cats

Acetaminophen (APAP) administration results in hepatotoxicity and hematotoxicity in cats. The response to three different treatments against APAP poisoning was evaluated. Free glutathione (GSH) (200mg/kg), niosomal GSH (14 mg/kg) and free amino acids (180 mg/kg of N-acetylcysteine and 280 mg/kg of methionine) were administered to cats that were intoxicated with APAP (a single dose of 150 mg/kg, p.o.). Serum concentration of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) along with serum, liver and erythrocyte concentration of GSH and methemoglobin percentage were measured before and 4, 24 and 72 hours after APAP administration. Free GSH (200 mg/kg) and niosomal GSH (14 mg/kg) were effective in reducing hepatotoxicity and hematotoxicity in cats intoxicated with a dose of 150 mg/kg APAP. We conclude that both types of treatments can protect the liver and haemoglobin against oxidative stress in APAP intoxicated cats. Furthermore, our results showed that treatment with niosomal GSH represents an effective therapeutic approach for APAP poisoning.Fil: Denzoin Vulcano, L. A.. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Confalonieri, O.. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Clinicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Franci, R.. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Clinicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Tapia, Maria Ofelia. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Soraci, Alejandro Luis. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentin