Remembering, Visiting and Placing the Dead: Law, Authority and Genocide in Srebrenica

This article addresses the recent development of ‘dark tourism’ in Srebrenica and the blurring between voyeurism and educational enlightenment that such tourism provokes. The article examines the legal and ethical disputes surrounding the authority over the dead who rest in the Srebrenica Cemetery complex. It concludes that while ‘dark tourism’ and the recent law enacted over the complex were intended to secure a reconciliation and respectful remembrance of the dead, they both, to various degrees, have raised serious ethical and legal concerns

Agricultural Academy

Diversity of the fi sh species important for fi shery on the territory of Serbia has changed both spatially and temporally. Temporal changes are connected with historical and anthropogenic factors, while spatial changes are mostly the results of anthropogenic activity. Based on the analysis of the "BAES-ex situ" national database, there are two temporal and spatial periods. The fi rst period (from 1860 to 1950) is characterised by great diversity of the fi sh species important for fi shery in natural ecosystems, above all in rivers. The second period (from 1950 until today) is characterised by reduction in the diversity of the fi sh species important for fi shery, especially sturgeon species, in natural ecosystems, predominantly rivers, and the increasing diversity in anthropogenic water ecosystems. The increasing diversity in accumulations is predominantly related to Cyprinidae and Percidae species. The reduction in diversity in natural ecosystems is most often the result of irrational fi shery, habitat degradation, prominent anthropogenic infl uence and presence of introduced species. Many species important for fi shery are, according to the newest legal regulations of the Republic of Serbia, classifi ed in the category of strictly protected and protected species, and the permanent close hunting season or close season in certain periods and ban on hunting for individuals below prescribed size was declared for many of them. Taking into consideration prominent reduction in diversity, some of the fi sh species important for fi shery are also in "The preliminary list of species for the Serbian red list of vertebrates" because they are in danger of being extinct

Etch-free low loss silicon waveguides using hydrogen silsesquioxane oxidation masks

An etch-free fabrication technique for creating low loss silicon waveguides in the silicon-on-insulator material system is proposed and demonstrated. The approach consists of local oxidation of a silicon-on-insulator chip covered with a e-beam patterned hydrogen silsesquioxane mask. A single oxidation step converts hydrogen silsesquioxane to a glass-like compound and simultaneously defines the waveguides, bypassing the need for any wet or dry etching steps. The spectral response of ring resonators fabricated using this technique was used to characterize the waveguide losses. Intrinsic Q-factors as high as 1.57 × 106, corresponding to a waveguide loss of 0.35dB/cm, were measured

Cascades with Adjoint Matter: Adjoint Transitions

A large class of duality cascades based on quivers arising from non-isolated singularities enjoy adjoint transitions - a phenomenon which occurs when the gauge coupling of a node possessing adjoint matter is driven to strong coupling in a manner resulting in a reduction of rank in the non-Abelian part of the gauge group and a subsequent flow to weaker coupling. We describe adjoint transitions in a simple family of cascades based on a Z2-orbifold of the conifold using field theory. We show that they are dual to Higgsing and produce varying numbers of U(1) factors, moduli, and monopoles in a manner which we calculate. This realizes a large family of cascades which proceed through Seiberg duality and Higgsing. We briefly describe the supergravity limit of our analysis, as well as a prescription for treating more general theories. A special role is played by N=2 SQCD. Our results suggest that additional light fields are typically generated when UV completing certain constructions of spontaneous supersymmetry breaking into cascades, potentially leading to instabilities.Comment: 29 pages, a few typos fixed, improved discussion, added figure; now there is 1 figur

Alternative therapies for GERD : a way to personalized antireflux surgery

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a commondisorder, known to affect about20%of theWestern population. Although conventional medical or surgical treatment has proven effective, there is certainly room for improvements. As only 10% of GERD patients are finally treated by antireflux surgery, a large therapeutic window exists. This treatment gap consists of patients who are not effectively treated with proton pump inhibitor but do not want to run the potential risks of conventional surgery. During the last two decades, several novel and intriguing options for the surgical treatment of GERD have been introduced and found their way into clinical use. The following summary will give an update of certain alternative therapeutic options to treat GERD or its pathological consequences

Foregut caustic injuries: results of the world society of emergency surgery consensus conference

Introduction: Lesions of the upper digestive tract due to ingestion of caustic agents still represent a major medical and surgical emergency worldwide. The work-up of these patients is poorly defined and no clear therapeutic guidelines are available. Purpose of the study: The aim of this study was to provide an evidence-based international consensus on primary and secondary prevention, diagnosis, staging, and treatment of this life-threatening and potentially disabling condition. Methods: An extensive literature search was performed by an international panel of experts under the auspices of the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES). The level of evidence of the screened publications was graded using the Oxford 2011 criteria. The level of evidence of the literature and the main topics regarding foregut caustic injuries were discussed during a dedicated meeting in Milan, Italy (April 2015), and during the 3rd Annual Congress of the World Society of Emergency Surgery in Jerusalem, Israel (July 2015). Results: One-hundred-forty-seven full papers which addressed the relevant clinical questions of the research were admitted to the consensus conference. There was an unanimous consensus on the fact that the current literature on foregut caustic injuries lacks homogeneous classification systems and prospective methodology. Moreover, the non-standardized definition of technical and clinical success precludes any accurate comparison of therapeutic modalities. Key recommendations and algorithms based on expert opinions, retrospective studies and literature reviews were proposed and approved during the final consensus conference. The clinical practice guidelines resulting from the consensus conference were approved by the WSES council. Conclusions: The recommendations emerging from this consensus conference, although based on a low level of evidence, have important clinical implications. A world registry of foregut caustic injuries could be useful to collect a homogeneous data-base for prospective clinical studies that may help improving the current clinical practice guidelines.Lesions of the upper digestive tract due to ingestion of caustic agents still represent a major medical and surgical emergency worldwide. The work-up of these patients is poorly defined and no clear therapeutic guidelines are available. Purpose of the stu1044110sem informaçãosem informaçã

Self-assembly in solution of a reversible comb-shaped supramolecular polymer

We report a single step synthesis of a polyisobutene with a bis-urea moiety in the middle of the chain. In low polarity solvents, this polymer self-assembles by hydrogen bonding to form a combshaped polymer with a central hydrogen bonded backbone and polyisobutene arms. The comb backbone can be reversibly broken, and consequently, its length can be tuned by changing the solvent, the concentration or the temperature. Moreover, we have proved that the bulkiness of the side-chains have a strong influence on both the self-assembly pattern and the length of the backbone. Finally, the density of arms can be reduced, by simply mixing with a low molar mass bis-urea

Differential Transverse Flow in Central C-Ne and C-Cu Collisions at 3.7 GeV/nucleon

Differential transverse flow of protons and pions in central C-Ne and C-Cu collisions at a beam energy of 3.7 GeV/nucleon was measured as a function of transverse momentum at the SKM-200-GIBS setup of JINR. In agreement with predictions of a transversely moving thermal model, the strength of proton differential transverse flow is found to first increase gradually and then saturate with the increasing transverse momentum in both systems. While pions are preferentially emitted in the same direction of the proton transverse flow in the reaction of C-Ne, they exhibit an anti-flow to the opposote direction of the proton transverse flow in the reaction of C-Cu due to stronger shadowing effects of the heavier target in thr whole range of transverse momentum.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

Electrically pumped sub-wavelength metallodielectric pedestal pillar lasers

Electrically driven subwavelength scale metallo-dielectric pedestal pillar lasers are designed and experimentally demonstrated. The metallo-dielectric cavity significantly enhances the quality factor (Q > 1500) of the wavelength and subwavelength scale lasers and the pedestal structure significantly reduces the threshold gain (< 400 cm−1) which can potentially enable laser operation at room temperature. We observed continuous wave lasing in 750 nm gain core radius laser at temperatures between 77 K and 140 K with a threshold current of 50 μA (at 77 K). We also observed lasing from a 355 nm gain core radius laser at temperatures between 77 K and 100 K

Continuity, Deconfinement, and (Super) Yang-Mills Theory

We study the phase diagram of SU(2) Yang-Mills theory with one adjoint Weyl fermion on R^3xS^1 as a function of the fermion mass m and the compactification scale L. This theory reduces to thermal pure gauge theory as m->infinity and to circle-compactified (non-thermal) supersymmetric gluodynamics in the limit m->0. In the m-L plane, there is a line of center symmetry changing phase transitions. In the limit m->infinity, this transition takes place at L_c=1/T_c, where T_c is the critical temperature of the deconfinement transition in pure Yang-Mills theory. We show that near m=0, the critical compactification scale L_c can be computed using semi-classical methods and that the transition is of second order. This suggests that the deconfining phase transition in pure Yang-Mills theory is continuously connected to a transition that can be studied at weak coupling. The center symmetry changing phase transition arises from the competition of perturbative contributions and monopole-instantons that destabilize the center, and topological molecules (neutral bions) that stabilize the center. The contribution of molecules can be computed using supersymmetry in the limit m=0, and via the Bogomolnyi--Zinn-Justin (BZJ) prescription in the non-supersymmetric gauge theory. Finally, we also give a detailed discussion of an issue that has not received proper attention in the context of N=1 theories---the non-cancellation of nonzero-mode determinants around supersymmetric BPS and KK monopole-instanton backgrounds on R^3xS^1. We explain why the non-cancellation is required for consistency with holomorphy and supersymmetry and perform an explicit calculation of the one-loop determinant ratio.Comment: A discussion of the non-cancellation of the nonzero mode determinants around supersymmetric monopole-instantons in N=1 SYM on R^3xS^1 is added, including an explicit calculation. The non-cancellation is, in fact, required by supersymmetry and holomorphy in order for the affine-Toda superpotential to be reproduced. References have also been adde