Rapid, cost-effective liquid chromatograghic method for the determination of metronidazole in biological fluids

A rapid and cost effective method for the analysis of metronidazole in biological samples was developed. The extraction method is a simple single-step liquid-liquid process that has eliminated the need for costly extraction and evaporation equipment. The mobile phase consists largely of water, making the method cheap to run with less than 6 min total analytical time per sample. The calibration curve was linear from 0 to 2.00 ìg/ml. The regression coefficient was 0.99. The method is highly sensitive, with limit of detection of 1 ng/ml. The coefficient of variation for within-day run was less than 4% while that of day-to-day run was less than 6%. There were no interfering peaks from endogenous materials in the serum. The method was validated and used for pharmacokinetic studie

Library Use Education as a Correlate of Use of Library Resources in a Nigerian University

The study focused on the effective of library education as a correlate to the use of library resources in a Nigerian university. The hallmark of education is the ability of the recipient of it to put whatever they have learnt into practice. Students in Nigerian tertiary institutions are introduced to the use of library to quicken their efforts in getting and using the library resources at the quickest possible time. The study also attempts to know the extent of the use of library resources and services. The relevance of library use education to the under study population are also investigated. The results of the findings revealed that much has not been achieved on the use of library resources and services and the use of Information Technology (IT) tools in the library. Urgent improvements are necessary in the areas investigated in order that the aim and objective of the library use education could be fully achieved, as suggestions for its improvements are also given

Evaluation of Automated Cataloguing System in Academic Libraries in Oyo State Nigeria

This study investigated automated cataloguing system in academic libraries in selected higher institutions in Oyo State Nigeria. The population of the study covered all the forty one (41) professional and para-professional cataloguers working in the cataloguing section. Total enumeration technique was used for data collection. Questionnaire was distributed to all the cataloguers in the selected institutions. Descriptive statistics was used to analysed the data collected. The result of the study revealed that automated cataloguing system saves time taking to catalogue information materials in the libraries. The result of the study also revealed that the selected institutions did not share resources among themselves. The finding of the study revealed that automated cataloguing system made cataloguing of information materials in the libraries faster. Therefore, the study concluded that automated cataloguing system in institutions’ libraries is a desirable one. Hence, the study recommended that in addition to cataloguing section, all other sections in the libraries be automated and provision of information technology tools needed for effective system be made available in the libraries

Substituents Effect on the Kinetics and Mechanisms of Formation of Copper (II) and Nickel (II) Complexes of Some Β-Diketones

Chelates of β – diketones (R1COCH2COR2) with transition metals have been found to possess a wide range of properties and application, some of which are dependent on the substituents (R1 and R2).  Copper(II) and Nickel(II) complexes of β – diketones in which R1= C6H5 and R2 = C6H5 (dbm), R2 = CH3 (bza) R2 = CF3 (tfpbd) and R1 = C4H3S, R2 = CF3(tta) were synthesised and characterised using UV, IR, elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility. The probable influence of the substituents on the kinetics and mechanisms of formation of the complexes were investigated with the aid of a Thermostated Schimadu 1800 uv-visible spectrophotometer. The reactions were studied at wavelengths characteristics of each complex. Results show the six coordinate copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes have probable distorted octahedral geometry while the four coordinate Ni(dbm)2 is tetrahedral. The kinetics data suggests an influence of the diketonate substituents on the copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes in solution is in the order C6H5 > CH3 >CF3 > C4H3S and CF3 > C6H5 > CH3 > C4H3S respectively. Solvent influence (k-1) was constant in the range 0.007 – 0.008 for fluorosubstituted complexes and least at 0.004 – 0.005 mol-1s-1 in the alkyl substituted complexes. The steady state approximation gave solvent independent rates k1k2 at 25oC, in the copper(II) complexes, k2 is greater than k1 (k2 > k1) , with k2 constant while in the nickel(II) complexes, the values of k2 was less than k1 and ascribed to rate determining and varies with the nickel(II) - ligand systems studied. Keywords: β-diketones, Copper II and Nickel II Complexes, Substituents effect, Kinetics

Assessment of healthy lifestyle practices among academics through access and use of health information resources

Accessibility and utilisation of health information has become an integral part of managing and achieving healthy lives and social well-being among the elites in the society. The study adopted a survey design strategy since the expected population was over 2000 lecturers. Three federal universities in southwest, Nigeria was purposively selected. A sample size of 1,300 lecturers was drawn from the three universities. Convenient sampling was used to distribute questionnaire to academic staff in these three federal universities. Two hypotheses were used to guide the study. The results showed that healthy lifestyle pattern practised by academic staff was stress management (35.4%). Majority (73.4%) of the lecturers accessed social media at high level while 380 (41.1%) accessed health bulletin at moderate level. The result further showed that doctors was used at high level 563 (61.4%) while health information website was utilised at moderate level (49.7%). The result of the hypothesis one showed non-significant relationship between healthy lives management and accessibility of health information (r=0.27, p=0.136) at 0.05 level of significant. Hypothesis two indicated a significant relationship between management of healthy lives and usability of health information sources (r=0.21, p=0.035) at 0.05 level of significant. The study concluded that management of healthy lives through access and use of health information could minimise the risks of many ailments and helps in the early detection of health problems. The study recommended that the university administration should endeavour to invest heavily in acquisition of health information resources both hardcopy and online resources

Agricultural Exports and Economic Growth in Nigeria (1980 – 2010)

This paper seeks to determine if a significant long-run relationship exists between agricultural exports and economic growth in the present-day Nigeria. It would also access the long run impact of agricultural exports on growth performance in Nigeria. The study covers the periods between 1980 and 2010. The underlying models are the Export- Led Growth Hypothesis and the Neo-classical Growth Model. In the formulated model, Real Gross Domestic Product was used as the proxy for economic growth. The explanatory variables used were Gross Fixed Capital Formation, Labour force, Foreign Direct Investment and Agricultural exports. The study made use of unit root tests and Johansen Maximum Likelihood Test of Co-Integration. It was discovered that a long run equilibrium relationship exists between agricultural exports and economic growth and the relationship is elastic in nature meaning that a unit increase in agricultural exports would bring a more than proportionate increase in the Real Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria. Keywords: Agricultural exports, economic growth, Real Gross Domestic Produc

Conformational Analysis (Semi Empirical PM3) and Electronic Properties of Functionalized Oligo(hexylpyrroles)

A semi empirical analysis of functionalized 3-hexylpyrroles [3XHP, where X= Br, NH2, SH, CN, COOH, CONC(CH3)2 and N(CH3)2] having functional group attached to the hexyl substituent up to four monomeric units in head-tail-head-tail regioselectivity was carried out. The energy band gap obtained at PM3 level showed that oligomers with 3BHP present lowest energy band gap. The energy band gap changed with the functional group attached to hexyl substitutents, which affect the molecular properties related to the electronic conductivity

Evaluation of Automated Cataloguing System in Academic Libraries in Oyo State Nigeria

This study investigated automated cataloguing system in academic libraries in selected higher institutions in Oyo State Nigeria. The population of the study covered all the forty one (41) professional and para-professional cataloguers working in the cataloguing section. Total enumeration technique was used for data collection. Questionnaire was distributed to all the cataloguers in the selected institutions. Descriptive statistics was used to analysed the data collected. The result of the study revealed that automated cataloguing system saves time taking to catalogue information materials in the libraries. The result of the study also revealed that the selected institutions did not share resources among themselves. The finding of the study revealed that automated cataloguing system made cataloguing of information materials in the libraries faster. Therefore, the study concluded that automated cataloguing system in institutions’ libraries is a desirable one. Hence, the study recommended that in addition to cataloguing section, all other sections in the libraries be automated and provision of information technology tools needed for effective system be made available in the libraries

Contributions of Community Based Organisations to Poverty Alleviation in Oyo State, Nigeria

In Nigeria, Community Based Organisations (CBOs) have been involved in diverse development and poverty reduction programmes in many states. In Oyo State, their involvements have been evident for more than five decades now, a long time enough for their impacts to be readily felt, thus due for empirical evaluation. This study therefore evaluated activities of CBOs, as institutions of civil society, in poverty reduction in Oyo State, Nigeria. Data were collected through questionnaire administration on 1,104 households across three (3) Senatorial Districts in the State. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were also conducted for registered CBOs in the districts. Descriptive statistics were used in analysing the data collected. Findings revealed that many CBOs existed in the areas, out of which the Landlord Associations and Town Unions accounted for 60 per cent. The projects that have abated poverty which were undertaken by these CBOs were in the areas of economy and empowerment (63.7%), security facilities and services (23.0%), and infrastructure provision (13.3%). Any attempt towards sustainable development should therefore take into cognisance the impact that these two organisations, among others, are capable of exerting in locations that exemplifies similar cultural, social, economic and political characteristics.W Nigerii Organizacje Społecznościowe (ang.: Community Based Organisations (CBOs)) zostały zaangażowane w różne programy mające na celu rozwój oraz ograniczanie ubóstwa w wielu stanach. W stanie Oyo, ich zaangażowanie jest widoczne już od ponad pięćdziesięciu lat, wystarczająco długo, aby rzeczywiście odczuć i empirycznie ocenić efekty ich działań. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu ewaluację wpływu działalności CBOs jako organizacji społeczności obywatelskich na ograniczanie ubóstwa w Stanie Oyo w Nigerii. Dane zgromadzono dzięki badaniom opartym na kwestionariuszach wypełnionych w 1 104 gospodarstwach domowych. Przeprowadzono też dyskusje w grupach fokusowych z zarejestrowanymi Organizacjami Społecznościowymi. Do analizy danych wykorzystano statystykę opisową. Wyniki badań ukazały, że na analizowanym obszarze działa wiele CBOs, z czego 60% aktywności przypada na Stowarzyszenia Gospodarzy (ang.: Landlord Associations) oraz Unie Miejskie (ang.: Town Unions). Projekty, które przyczyniły się do zmniejszenia ubóstwa, przeprowadzono w obszarach: gospodarki i praworządności (63,7%), usług i urządzeń bezpieczeństwa (23%), a także infrastruktury (13,3%). Z tego względu pod uwagę powinny być wzięte próby dążenia do zrównoważonego rozwoju, ponieważ owe dwie organizacje są w stanie wpłynąć na obszary stanowiące przykłady aspektów kulturalnych, społecznych, gospodarczych oraz politycznych

Wkład Organizacji Społecznościowych w łagodzenie ubóstwa w Oyo State w Nigerii rtykułu w języku polskim

In Nigeria, Community Based Organisations (CBOs) have been involved in diverse development and poverty reduction programmes in many states. In Oyo State, their involvements have been evident for more than five decades now, a long time enough for their impacts to be readily felt, thus due for empirical evaluation. This study therefore evaluated activities of CBOs, as institutions of civil society, in poverty reduction in Oyo State, Nigeria. Data were collected through questionnaire administration on 1,104 households across three (3) Senatorial Districts in the State. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were also conducted for registered CBOs in the districts. Descriptive statistics were used in analysing the data collected. Findings revealed that many CBOs existed in the areas, out of which the Landlord Associations and Town Unions accounted for 60 per cent. The projects that have abated poverty which were undertaken by these CBOs were in the areas of economy and empowerment (63.7%), security facilities and services (23.0%), and infrastructure provision (13.3%). Any attempt towards sustainable development should therefore take into cognisance the impact that these two organisations, among others, are capable of exerting in locations that exemplifies similar cultural, social, economic and political characteristics.W Nigerii Organizacje Społecznościowe (ang.: Community Based Organisations (CBOs)) zostały zaangażowane w różne programy mające na celu rozwój oraz ograniczanie ubóstwa w wielu stanach. W stanie Oyo, ich zaangażowanie jest widoczne już od ponad pięćdziesięciu lat, wystarczająco długo, aby rzeczywiście odczuć i empirycznie ocenić efekty ich działań. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu ewaluację wpływu działalności CBOs jako organizacji społeczności obywatelskich na ograniczanie ubóstwa w Stanie Oyo w Nigerii. Dane zgromadzono dzięki badaniom opartym na kwestionariuszach wypełnionych w 1 104 gospodarstwach domowych. Przeprowadzono też dyskusje w grupach fokusowych z zarejestrowanymi Organizacjami Społecznościowymi. Do analizy danych wykorzystano statystykę opisową. Wyniki badań ukazały, że na analizowanym obszarze działa wiele CBOs, z czego 60% aktywności przypada na Stowarzyszenia Gospodarzy (ang.: Landlord Associations) oraz Unie Miejskie (ang.: Town Unions). Projekty, które przyczyniły się do zmniejszenia ubóstwa, przeprowadzono w obszarach: gospodarki i praworządności (63,7%), usług i urządzeń bezpieczeństwa (23%), a także infrastruktury (13,3%). Z tego względu pod uwagę powinny być wzięte próby dążenia do zrównoważonego rozwoju, ponieważ owe dwie organizacje są w stanie wpłynąć na obszary stanowiące przykłady aspektów kulturalnych, społecznych, gospodarczych oraz politycznych