27 research outputs found
Tacit collusion, firm asymmetries and numbers:evidence from EC merger cases
The purpose of this paper is to identify empirically the implicit structural model, especially the roles of size asymmetries and concentration, used by the European Commission to identify mergers with coordinated effects (i.e. collective dominance). Apart from its obvious policy-relevance, the paper is designed to shed empirical light on the conditions under which tacit collusion is most likely. We construct a database relating to 62 candidate mergers and find that, in the eyes of the Commission, tacit collusion in this context virtually never involves more than two firms and requires close symmetry in the market shares of the two firms
Mitigating risk of exceeding environmental limits requires ambitious food system interventions
Transforming the global food system is necessary to avoid exceeding planetary boundaries. A robust evidence base is crucial to assess the scale and combination of interventions required for a sustainable transformation. We developed a risk assessment framework, underpinned by a meta-regression of 60 global food system modeling studies, to quantify the potential of individual and combined interventions to mitigate the risk of exceeding the boundaries for land-system change, freshwater use, climate change, and biogeochemical flows by 2050. Limiting the risk of exceedance across four key planetary boundaries requires a high but plausible level of ambition in all demand-side (diet, population, waste) and most supply-side interventions. Attaining the required level of ambition for all interventions relies on embracing synergistic actions across the food system
New genetic test leads to Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome: A case report
We present a patient with mutation in folliculin (FLCN) gene leading to Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD), which was underdiagnosed until next generation sequencing (NGS) and NGS-based CNV analysis was accessible
Assessing the contribution of harvested wood products under greenhouse gas estimation: accounting under the Paris Agreement and the potential for double-counting among the choice of approaches
Local delivery of CAR T cells targeting fibroblast activation protein is safe in patients with pleural mesothelioma: first report of FAPME, a phase I clinical trial
A Comparative Analysis of the Center of Gravity and Center of Pressure Trajectory Path Lengths in Standing Posture: An Estimation of Active Stiffness
Media accountability and journalists: to whom do Spanish professionals feel responsible?
This paper analyses to whom Spanish journalists feel responsible. To achieve this objective, we sent out a survey to Spanish journalists to ascertain their opinion on this question. The journalistsâ point of view was then compared with that of the general public though six focus groups consisting of Spanish citizens from six cities in Spain (Barcelona, CastellĂłn, Madrid, Sevilla, MondragĂłn and Santiago de Compostela). Lastly, five in-depth interviews were conducted with journalism experts (e.g., directors of professional journalist associations). The main results show that the journalists feel particularly responsible to their conscience, the journalism code of ethics and their sources. The citizens, in contrast, believe that journalists should be responsible to the audience. We contextualised the Spanish finding in the European context by comparing our results with those derived from a study among European journalists.This study is part of a research project MediaACES. Accountability and Media Systems in Spain: Real impact and good practices in Spanish Media, funded by Ministry of Economy, Science and Competitiveness of Spain (MINECO/FEDER, UE, ref: CSO2015-66404-P). The data from Europe belong to a research project MediaAcT, Media Accountability and Transparency in Europe, funded by the European Commission under Grant 7th FWPâ 244147
How much land-based greenhouse gas mitigation can be achieved without compromising food security and environmental goals?
Feeding 9â10 billion people by 2050 and preventing dangerous climate change are two of the greatest challenges facing humanity. Both challenges must be met while reducing the impact of land management on ecosystem services that deliver vital goods and services, and support human health and well-being. Few studies to date have considered the interactions between these challenges. In this study we briefly outline the challenges, review the supply- and demand-side climate mitigation potential available in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use AFOLU sector and options for delivering food security. We briefly outline some of the synergies and trade-offs afforded by mitigation practices, before presenting an assessment of the mitigation potential possible in the AFOLU sector under possible future scenarios in which demand-side measures codeliver to aid food security. We conclude that while supply-side mitigation measures, such as changes in land management, might either enhance or negatively impact food security, demand-side mitigation measures, such as reduced waste or demand for livestock products, should benefit both food security and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. Demand-side measures offer a greater potential (1.5â15.6 Gt CO2-eq. yrâ1) in meeting both challenges than do supply-side measures (1.5â4.3 Gt CO2-eq. yrâ1 at carbon prices between 20 and 100 US$ tCO2-eq. yrâ1), but given the enormity of challenges, all options need to be considered. Supply-side measures should be implemented immediately, focussing on those that allow the production of more agricultural product per unit of input. For demand-side measures, given the difficulties in their implementation and lag in their effectiveness, policy should be introduced quickly, and should aim to codeliver to other policy agenda, such as improving environmental quality or improving dietary health. These problems facing humanity in the 21st Century are extremely challenging, and policy that addresses multiple objectives is required now more than ever