18 research outputs found
The subcellular localization of IGFBP5 affects its cell growth and migration functions in breast cancer
Metabolic Network for the Biosynthesis of Intra- and Extracellular alpha-Glucans Required for Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis synthesizes intra- and extracellular alpha-glucans that were believed to originate from separate pathways. The extracellular glucose polymer is the main constituent of the mycobacterial capsule that is thought to be involved in immune evasion and virulence. However, the role of the alpha-glucan capsule in pathogenesis has remained enigmatic due to an incomplete understanding of alpha-glucan biosynthetic pathways preventing the generation of capsule-deficient mutants. Three separate and potentially redundant pathways had been implicated in alpha-glucan biosynthesis in mycobacteria: the GlgC-GlgA, the Rv3032 and the TreS-Pep2-GlgE pathways. We now show that alpha-glucan in mycobacteria is exclusively assembled intracellularly utilizing the building block alpha-maltose-1-phosphate as the substrate for the maltosyltransferase GlgE, with subsequent branching of the polymer by the branching enzyme GlgB. Some alpha-glucan is exported to form the alpha-glucan capsule. There is an unexpected convergence of the TreS-Pep2 and GlgC-GlgA pathways that both generate alpha-maltose-1-phosphate. While the TreS-Pep2 route from trehalose was already known, we have now established that GlgA forms this phosphosugar from ADP-glucose and glucose 1-phosphate 1000-fold more efficiently than its hitherto described glycogen synthase activity. The two routes are connected by the common precursor ADPglucose, allowing compensatory flux from one route to the other. Having elucidated this unexpected configuration of the metabolic pathways underlying alpha-glucan biosynthesis in mycobacteria, an M. tuberculosis double mutant devoid of alpha-glucan could be constructed, showing a direct link between the GlgE pathway, alpha-glucan biosynthesis and virulence in a mouse infection model
Zur frage der potenzierenden wirkung von phenothiazinderivaten und insecticiden phosphors�ureestern
Structure, Function, and Aggregation of the Zinc-Free Form of the p53 DNA Binding Domain
Tumour blood vessel normalisation by prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor repaired sensitivity to chemotherapy in a tumour mouse model
Die klinische Bedeutung der Cholinesterasenbestimmung im Blut bei akuten Intoxikationen mit phosphororganischen Insecticiden
Ground-Based Soil Moisture Determination
Soil water content is a key variable for understanding and modeling ecohydrological processes. In this chapter, we review the state of the art of ground-based methods to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamic of soil water content, from point to field scale. First, point measurements methods are briefly discussed. Then, field-scale hydrogeophysical approaches such as ground-penetrating radar, ground-based L-band radiometry, electromagnetic induction, electrical resistivity tomography, cosmic-ray neutron probes, global navigation satellite system reflectometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance are described in more details. The basic principles of the different techniques, the spatial and temporal characteristics of their measurements, their advantages and limitations, as well as the recent developments in the data processing are presented